health 250 final
A standard rum and cola will be absorbed faster than a 5-ounce glass of wine because
carbonation causes the pyloric valve to relax.
The process by which addicts get an addictive substance out of their system as part of ending their dependence on it is
detoxification
the primary action of insulin is to
stimulate transporters to take up glucose from the bloodstream and carry it into the cell.
surgical abortions in the first trimester are typically done by
suction curettage
The transition stage of birth is characterized by
the baby's head moving into the birth canal.
A driver is always impaired when he or she has a blood alcohol concentration of
0.08 percent or higher
In hypothermia, death usually occurs when body core temperature drops to
75-80°F.
Which of the following statements about college drinking is TRUE?
Female college students' alcohol consumption is close to that of male college students.
Which of the following is TRUE about avian influenza?
It has not yet mutated into a form highly infectious to humans.
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to prediabetes?
It is one of the conditions linked to metabolic syndrome.
Miguel was tested for diabetes. His oral glucose tolerance test showed a level of 120 mg/dL. This indicates that
Miguel has normal blood glucose levels.
Which of the following statements about the graduating class of 2016 is true?
More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt.
Urinating frequently after alcohol consumption occurs because
alcohol is a diuretic
The ratio of alcohol to total blood volume is the
blood alcohol concentration
The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for
both boys and girls beginning at age 11.
Which of the following is an FDA-approved prescription weight loss drug?
contrave
STI pathogens prefer
darkness and moisture
In working to improve your eating habits, one important step to take is to
eat more slowly and stop when you begin to feel full.
Which diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the heart?
electrocardiogram
Diabetes kills more Americans each year than heart disease and cancer combined.
false
Excessive drug and alcohol consumption and poor sleep habits are the primary modifiable determinants related to chronic diseases.
false
GHB is a safe alternative to steroids.
false
In the last decade, cardiovascular disease mortality rates have improved by just 3%.
false
It is not physiologically possible to drink too much water.
false
Jet lag occurs because travelers take frequent naps while flying.
false
The placebo effect is the disappearance of symptoms without any apparent reason or treatment.
false
The primary reason that diabetes increases the risk for blindness is that high blood glucose blocks tiny ducts that cleanse and lubricate the eye.
false
The wellness continuum ranges from a low point of beginning to experience some type of symptom to a high point of optimal health and well-being.
false
Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), an insurer can impose an annual limit on coverage.
false
emotional health is the same as intellectual health
false
A rise in body temperature that occurs when invading pathogens secrete toxins is a(n)
fever
Candidiasis is which type of infection?
fungal
one factor contributing to narcolepsy appears to be
genetic
Which controversial process is used by some agricultural corporations to create high-yield crops or disease- or insect-resistant plants?
genetic modification
According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who
get more than 9 hours of sleep a night
The form of a sugar that is stored in the liver and muscles and broken down when the body requires a burst of energy is
glycogen
Jake is an excellent student and seems pretty resilient. He is passionate about becoming a pediatrician someday, and perseveres despite a high stress level due to his heavy course load and tight finances. Which of the following traits does Jake demonstrate?
grit
A high waist circumference-to-hip ratio would indicate that you
have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
All of the following are true with respect to generic drugs EXCEPT that they
have the same inactive ingredients as their brand name counterpart.
All of the following are scientific methods for determining body composition EXCEPT
height and weight tables
In the United States, the 5-year survival rate for cancer overall is currently
higher for whites than for blacks
The surgical procedure that involves removal of the uterus is a(n)
hysterectomy
Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals?
imagined rehearsal
An increase in the spread of foodborne illness could be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT
increased consumption of locally grown or raised food.
A group of physicians in private practice who negotiate fees for medical care only for patients who are members of their organization is called a(n)
independent practice association
Chemical vapors in household products such as varnish, glues, and gasoline are examples of
inhalants
the six dimensions of health
interact continuously
When alcohol is inhaled rather than swallowed,
it is not metabolized prior to entering the bloodstream.
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to attention-deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
it tends to disrupt relationships
In a state of diabetic ketoacidosis,
levels of acidic molecules in the blood rise dangerously high.
Hepatitis B can lead to
liver cancer
A factor commonly seen in women who become victims of intimate partner violence is
low self-esteem
Which type of health insurance plan involves a contracted provider network and a focus on wellness, preventive care, early intervention, and cost control?
managed care
Which of the following circumstances can cause a miscarriage?
maternal infection or hormone imbalance
The difference between surgical and medical abortions is that
medical abortions are performed without entering the uterus.
The condition that causes people to fall asleep involuntarily during the day is
narcolepsy
Vivienne is seven years old. Her parents fail to send her to school and do not homeschool her. This is an example of
neglect
The primary care practitioner in your campus health clinic has a master's degree and is authorized to perform exams, conduct diagnostic tests, and in some states may also prescribe medications. He is a
nurse practitioner
Melinda baked a piece of salmon for dinner. On the side, she had a large mixed-green salad topped with toasted walnuts. This meal is rich in
omega-3 fatty acids
Sunil weighs 150 pounds and would like to lose a little weight by replacing his sugary beverages with water or black tea and adding brisk walking to his normally sedentary life. If these measures decreased his former calorie intake by 250 calories a day and increased his energy expenditure by 250 calories a day, how long would it take Sunil to lose about one pound?
one week
Your primary care provider suspects that you may have an unusual infection in your eyes. To whom would he or she refer you?
ophthalmologist
In a clinical trial for a new pain medication, Hayden was given an inactive substance instead of an actual drug. After taking it, however, his headache improved. This resulted from the
placebo effect
the most common cause of female infertility in the United States is
polycystic ovary syndrome
The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is
public health
A person with strong core muscles has a more stable center of gravity and
reduced chance of injury
After Julia discovers a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation?
reisistance
The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of
self-talk
Any form of unwanted sexual conduct is
sexual harassment
The sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted many times during sleep is
sleep apnea
Diabetes can result in hunger and weight loss because
so many calories are lost in the glucose that passes into the urine.
substances designed to kill sperm are known as
spermicides
Which exercise technique involves working to slowly and gradually lengthen a muscle or group of muscles?
static stretching
Marie's parents have given her money for a down payment on a new car; they are providing her with
tangible support
Concerns about HMOs include all of the following EXCEPT
the high cost of copayments
Candi was mortified when her doctor told her that she had a protozoal STI. She probably had
trichomoniasis
About 36% of college students report having used marijuana in the past year.
true
Extreme underweight can contribute to loss of menstrual period in women.
true
HIV can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
true
Social factors, biology and genetics, individual behavior, health services, and policymaking all combine to determine a person's health status.
true
Socioeconomic status can have a significant effect on risk for obesity.
true
Studies associate mindfulness with pain relief.
true
Substance abuse disorders can be easily identified through brief screenings in clinical settings.
true
The most common cause of male infertility is low sperm count.
true
overseas adoptions can cost $20,000 or more
true
If you are concerned about the costs of health care, which of the following practices should you avoid?
using the emergency room for your routine health care
which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?
wanting to change
Which of the following components of an exercise session prepares the body physically and mentally?
warm-up
When the body is invaded by antigens, the immune system forms substances called
antibodies
When blood levels of the hormone leptin rise,
appetite levels decrease.
An irregularity in the heartbeat is known as
arrhythmia
Diet pills contain ingredients such as caffeine, and can therefore act in what way on the body?
as a stimulant
Research suggests that individuals with prediabetes may avoid progressing to diabetes if they lose what percentage of current body weight?
as little as 5 to 7 percent
Colby has been prescribed a drug called Ativan for anxiety and insomnia. Colby is taking a
benzodiazepine
the most popular form of LSD is
blotter acid that is swallowed or chewed.
The primary difference between a board certified and board eligible physician is that a board
certified physician has demonstrated competency in a given specialty.
The action of nicotine on the cilia of upper respiratory passages prevents them from
cleaning out foreign matter
Over-the-counter drugs are commonly used for all of the following EXCEPT
diabetes
a disorder that occurs more frequently in babies born to mothers over the age of 35 is
down syndrome
A 160-pound male with a high percentage of body fat burns the same number of calories walking the same distance as a 160-pound male with a high percentage of muscle mass.
false
Healthy life expectancy is another term for life span.
false
If a woman has a urinary tract infection and takes a pregnancy test, a false positive may result.
false
the development of self esteem is an important part of intellectual health
false
Psychologically healthy people
feel comfortable interacting with others
Celia spends a good deal of her time feeling on edge, is easily fatigued, and often has difficulty concentrating and getting enough sleep. Her symptoms may characterize
generalized anxiety disorder
After a relaxing week of backpacking and camping in the woods, during which you enjoyed drinking cool water from a creek, you have returned to school. Since you got back, you are experiencing abdominal cramps that won't go away. This condition is probably not the result of schoolwork overload, but rather something you picked up during your camping trip. You likely have
giardiasis
During stage 4, a sleeping person's pituitary gland releases which of the following hormones?
growth hormone
Cardiovascular disease
has been the leading cause of death in the U.S. for 100 years.
One dangerous consequence of very-low-calorie diets is that they increase the individual's risk for a condition in which the blood levels become acidic. This is known as
ketoacidosis
Kurt, who is a vegetarian, had a cheese omelet for lunch. He is a
lacto-ovo-vegetarian
The milk sugar that some people can't digest properly is
lactose
Keisha has a negative attitude about life and puts herself down all the time. Keisha is displaying
low self-esteem
having unprotected sex is considered a
risk behavior
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1973 gave women the legal right to an abortion?
roe v. wade
Paula maintained her normal weight during her freshman year in college. During her sophomore year, she moved into an apartment with two friends who are overweight. The three regularly enjoy high-calorie meals together, and Paula has gained more than twenty pounds. She wants to lose weight, but it seems as if, whenever she plans to prepare a healthful, low-calorie meal, her roommates come home with a box of pizza or take-out burgers and fries. What type of influence are her friends having on her behavior?
social undermining
"Mini-strokes" that cause only temporary impairment and that can indicate an impending stroke are
transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
Emergency contraceptive pills have been used by almost 10% of sexually active college students or their partners.
true
Even a full year after a tornado struck their town, community residents were at increased risk for traumatic stress.
true
In general, the lower the intensity of activity, the longer the duration of exercise should be.
true
In the United States, there are huge disparities in crime rates based on sex, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity.
true
Jane stayed up all night taking care of her sick child. She will need to sleep more than average the next few nights to make up for the hours of lost sleep.
true
Some intrauterine contraceptives release small amounts of hormones.
true
Treatment for influenza is only palliative.
true
You cannot contract HIV through casual contact.
true
Which of the following procedures performed during pregnancy can determine the size and position of the fetus and detect birth defects in the nervous and digestive systems?
ultrasound
The monthly cost of medical care for an individual with type 2 diabetes averages
$350-1,000
According to cancer experts, up to what percentage of some cancers could be prevented by engaging in regular physical activity and eating a healthy diet?
30 percent
What is the percentage of alcohol in 100 proof whiskey?
50 percent
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors?
A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.
Edna lives in a nursing home. She has been taking antibiotics for both pneumonia and recurring urinary tract infections. This morning she awoke with a fever, watery diarrhea, and nausea. Which of the following infectious diseases is Edna MOST likely to have?
Clostridium difficile
Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent explosive anger?
Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.
A birth defect caused by the mother's alcohol intake during pregnancy is
FAS
The acronym SMART stands for Serious, Measurable, Adaptable, Realistic, and Time-Oriented.
False
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that prescription drug abuse is so common?
Prescription drugs have few side effects.
Which of the following statements about media and violence is true?
Research has not demonstrated a clear link between exposure to violent media and a propensity to engage in violent acts.
Which of the following is TRUE about teratogenic effects?
These effects can be caused by environmental chemical exposure.
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to health care spending accounts (FSAs or HSAs)?
They allow people to save money tax-free for health care costs.
Psychoactive drugs have which type of effect on the body?
They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
Tobacco is known to cause about 20 diseases.
Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.
An example of an exercise to build core strength would be
abdominal curl ups
Middle-age weight gain is attributed to all of the following factors EXCEPT
age-related appetite increase
The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is
epinephrine
Symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following EXCEPT
excessive hunger
During the initial conditioning stage of a fitness program, it is important to exercise at high intensity to get in shape more quickly.
false
Restless leg syndrome is an extremely rare disorder, affecting less than 0.5 percent of the U.S. population.
false
The prevalence of obesity is consistent across all subpopulations in the United States.
false
Which is NOT a good source of folate?
fish
Rafael is committed to his study of ecology and the effects of climate change. Additionally, he tries to show respect for all living things. Which of the following statements best describes Rafael?
he demonstrates spiritual health
The ideal cholesterol ratio for an individual would include
high HDL and low LDL.
Gene occasionally has difficulty falling asleep but has never been diagnosed with a sleep disorder. Which strategy can he use to help him fall asleep faster?
practicing deep breathing or meditation before bedtime
Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?
psychiatrist
The positive aspects of a person's life, such as being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of
well-being
All of the following are provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) EXCEPT coverage for
young adults on a parent's plan through age 30.
Which of the following is TRUE about marital rape?
Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime.
Which of the following symptoms probably does NOT warrant professional medical advice?
You develop a low-grade fever and sore throat.
Which immune system malfunction occurs when the body develops antibodies that attack its own tissues?
autoimmunity
A leading personality theory called the five-factor model proposes that, in most people, personality is influenced by five key factors, including genetics, parenting, and level of education.
false
Actions you take to wash your sheets, clear clutter from your bedroom, and otherwise clean your sleeping area are collectively known as sleep hygiene.
false
An optometrist holds a medical degree and can perform eye surgery.
false
Atheists cannot effectively practice mindfulness.
false
Research suggests that overweight and obese children who are bullied because of their weight are likely to eat less as a result.
false
The United States has the third highest life expectancy of any country in the world.
false
outercourse is 100 percent effective against STIs
false
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression?
feeling highly energetic
A hormone produced in the stomach that is referred to as the "hunger hormone" is
ghrelin
A 26-year-old male would be considered obese if he
has a body mass index of 30 or higher.
Glenna is trying to determine her healthy weight. She should assess
her percentage of body fat and how her weight is distributed.
obsessive-compulsive disorder is
highly treatable
Which bacterial infection affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and is more common among college students living in dormitories than in other populations?
meningitis
A person's bone structure is an example of a(n)
nonmodifiable determinant.
What portion of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB)?
one-third
Which of the following is a small form of toxin-producing bacteria carried by ticks that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
rickettsia
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart?
right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Which form of exercise involves techniques that slowly and gradually lengthen a muscle or group of muscles and the associated tendons?
static stretching
A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is
technostress
Violence against people or property that is rooted in political or social objectives and intended to intimidate is
terrorism
One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health.
true
Over 1 million people in the United States are members of gangs.
true
Two high-risk behaviors associated with the development of HIV/AIDS are having unprotected sex and sharing needles.
true
All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT
tuning out a noisy student in the library
Benefits of weight-loss surgery include the potential to reverse
type 2 diabetes
A person who avoids all foods and food products of animal origin, including dairy and eggs, is a
vegan
The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out are the
ventricles
The relatively ineffective method of birth control known as coitus interruptus is also called the
withdrawal method
All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT
your friend's level of stress
There have been recent reports of date rape drugs being used at campus parties. What should female students do to protect themselves from being the victim of drug-facilitated crimes?
Don't accept open or unsealed drinks and don't leave drinks unattended.
Originally health insurance covered only hospital expenses. This coverage was then expanded to physician services and medications and other treatments. What effect did this type of coverage have on the medical system?
It encouraged doctors to provide more medical procedures for patients.
which of the following statements is TRUE about NuvaRing?
It exposes the user to a lower dose of estrogen than the combination pill.
Catrina just missed hitting a deer as she was driving along a dark, curving road. She felt her racing heart finally slow down after she pulled off the road and took a few deep breaths. This is an example of a(n)
adaptive response.
The updated Nutrition Facts panel adds information about amount of which of the following in a serving of food?
added sugars
A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing?
angina pectoris
Which type of weight loss surgery involves a procedure that injects microscopic beads that block ghrelin production?
bariatric arterial embolization
Doing some type of activity, such as texting or eating, while driving can cause accidents and is known as
distracted driving
Hakim walked into his house one summer day and discovered that the air conditioning was not working. He did not get upset because the last time this happened, he found a great repair company that was fast and affordable; he also had a couple of fans that he used to keep cool until the AC was restored. Hakim did not experience excessive stress because
his appraisal of the stressor told him he could cope with it.
a state of elevated blood glucose is
hyperglycemia
To help him fight his addiction to alcohol, Andy's physician has prescribed a drug that will make him feel intensely uncomfortable if he drinks alcohol. This type of response is called
intolerance
gastric bypass
is a restrictive and malabsorption surgery.
Which of the following plays a major role in the cell-mediated immune response?
lymphocytes
The legal term for improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a health care provider that results in loss or harm to the patient is
malpractice
The health insurance program jointly funded by the states and the federal government that provides coverage for low-income individuals and families is
medicaid
