Us History: Unit 2: Lessons
What is a working definition of the word "immigrant?"
An immigrant is someone who leaves their homeland and moves to a new country.
The most famous of the steel tycoons was ______.
Andrew Carnegie
Who led a shameful massacre by militia at Sand Creek?
Colonel John Chivington
The Great Plains region was once called the _______.
Great American Desert
The Great Sioux War of 1876 might better be called the ___.
Great Cheyenne War
_______ mining involved digging deep into ore-bearing rock.
Hard rock
What are the differences between the old-style artisanship and the new division of labor techniques?
In artisanship, one master craftsman learned and performed all the steps necessary to make an item. In the division of labor, the steps required to make an item were divided into small tasks. Each person in the assembly line needed to master only one or two steps.
Where did longhorn cattle originate?
Spain
What was "standard gauge"?
Standard gauge was the name for the 4 feet, 8½ inches between the inner sides of the rails, the track gauge used for the transcontinental and all major connecting railroads.
_______ was preferred for making railroad tracks.
Steel
What was the name of the act that provided money for establishing experimental fields for agricultural research?
The Hatch Act
How did the desire for wealth impact the owners' concern for workers?
The desire for wealth caused the owners to disregard the health and safety of the workers.
What was the reason for varying amounts of low interest loans for each mile of track?
The loan amounts varied based upon the difficulty of laying track through the terrain.
What actually led to the end of the nomadic character of the Indians?
The nomadic character of the Indians changed when the bison herds were destroyed.
What caused the range wars?
The range wars were caused by cattlemen of the open range coming into conflict with homesteaders who sought to protect their property from cattle.
Which statement best describes how advances in communication changed the world during the time of industrialization and expansion?
The result of the advances was that people could communicate around the world almost instantaneously.
Why was the migration of the U.S. white population to the West detrimental to the Plains Indians?
The white settlers and their assumption of territory meant further displacement for the Indians, the threat of eradication by disease, and impacted their hunting due to land treaties and the decreasing herds of buffalo.
If conditions were so bad in the factories, why were so many people interested in taking these jobs?
There were few jobs available, and the jobs gave the workers a better life than that of agriculture or unemployment.
Why did immigrants desire to come to the United States?
They came because they saw opportunity for a better life with jobs, food, and prosperity.
The majority of American workers are employed by small businesses with fewer than 500 employees.
True (Maybe)
The investment of money to finance a business interest is called ___.
capitalism
The discovery of gold, _______, and other minerals brought thousands of miners to the West.
silver
In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that ___.
the U.S. occupation of the Black Hills was illegal
Carnegie used the strategy of _______ organization to make his business profitable.
vertical
The battle at Little Bighorn ___.
was lost because General Custer showed poor judgment and was outnumbered
The two main natural resources needed for iron and steel production are ______ and ______.
coal iron ore
The tragedy at ___ is viewed as the end of armed resistance by the Indians.
Wounded Knee
What were three distinguishing characteristics of the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
corruption ineptitude inefficiency
What was introduced that was important to the Plains Indians to herd bison and become more effective hunters?
Horses
The Sherman Antitrust Act was an attempt to break up ___ and restore a competitive market.
trusts
The Dawes Act provided that ___.
all of these
What was a good source of meat for growing Eastern cities?
Longhorn cattle
What three factors kept new immigrants from becoming assimilated into the mainstream American culture?
Many immigrants wanted to be surrounded only by people like them. Many immigrants did not speak English. Many immigrants did not want to give up their native languages and culture.
In what two years did America's economy experience a downturn?
1873 and 1890
Match the accomplishments with the capitalists. 1. Estée Lauder (maybe) 2. Lionel Sosa (maybe) 3. Bill Gates 4. Sam Walton
--- 1. child of immigrants who built a cosmetics empire 2. Hispanic-American owner of a large advertising agency 3. billionaire founder of Microsoft 4. built the Walmart™ chain of discount stores beginning with a single store
___ were entities created for the pooling of investors.
Corporations
What group of immigrants did not come to the United States by choice?
Africans
Who administered Indian policies during peace time?
Bureau of Indian Affairs
___ is the situation that exists when government does not interfere with business.
Free enterprise
Where did the two railroads join?
Promontory Point, Utah
What event caused an end to the range wars?
Two terrible winters were marked by blizzards and hard freezes.
Who administered Indian policies during war?
U.S. Army
What was the earliest occupation of Plains Indians?
agriculture
Mining communities, called _______, sprang up almost overnight.
boom towns
Big corporations often forced smaller companies out of business to eliminate ___.
competition
In time, most mining claims belonged to mining _______.
corporations
Engine boilers were still made from ________.
iron
The Nez Perce's Chief Joseph vowed ___.
never to fight again
The first industry that faced government regulation was the ___ industry.
railroad
What massacre of troops took place on the Bozeman Trail?
the Fetterman Massacre
Forcing competitors out of business was ___.
unethical
Describe the mutually beneficial economic relationship between cattlemen and the railroads.
The railroads provided a way for cattlemen to get their livestock to market while the cattle industry provided incentive for railroads to build out west.
Why did factory owners open their factories?
They wanted to make money.
lesson 8 -> 10
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lessons 4-> 7
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In the 1880s, huge deposits of iron ore were found around 1. ________, particularly in 2. ________.
1. Lake superior 2. Minnesota
The Sioux had taken land in South Dakota from the ___.
Cheyenne
Why are colonists usually not considered immigrants?
Colonists are still part of their old nation, which is expanding into a new area.
What was the major difficulty of raising cattle in the Great Plains?
Scarcity of water was a major difficulty of raising cattle in the Great Plains.
Identify a difference between nomadic and stationary tribes during this time.
The nomadic tribes were not as exposed to white settlers and therefore did not contract deadly diseases such as smallpox.
Why did immigrants desire to leave their homelands?
They left because their homelands were in crises.
Why did many cattle ranchers go out of business?
They lost too many cattle during dry seasons.
How did the government end Indian attacks on the Bozeman Trail?
They sent all the Sioux to a reservation in South Dakota with fixed boundaries.
Why did cattlemen build ranches in the Great Plains?
They wanted to be closer to the rail yards and cow towns.
What happened if workers complained about conditions or about long hours?
They were discharged and replaced.
Why did factory owners hire children?
They were trying to save money to make a larger profit.
What were some innovations in farming techniques that led to great productivity? Select all that apply.
crop rotation pest control uses for grain products inorganic fertilizers irrigation
What were the three distinct but confused positions of the federal policy toward the Indians?
eradication relocation assimilation
Some businesses established practical ___ of a business sector and controlled prices, wages, and transportation rates.
monopolies
What were some innovations in farm machinery that led to improved results in agriculture in the Great Plains? Select all that apply.
twine binder grain drill steel plow steam-powered reaper (combine) tractor
What crop became popular in the northern part of the Great Plains, especially along the rivers?
wheat
What cabinet level position was added to the President's cabinet in 1889?
Secretary of Agriculture
Many historians use the terms "push factors" and "pull factors" when discussing immigration. What do you think they mean by these terms?
Push factors are those which cause a person to leave his home nation. Pull factors are those which cause a person to be attracted to a new place.
elect the nations from which immigrants came after the Civil War. Select all that apply.
Russia Greece Japan Poland Italy Holland China Great Britain
Miners who came to Colorado for the gold strike in 1858 were called "________."
fifty-niners
What two immigrant groups provided large numbers of laborers for the first transcontinental railroad? western section: eastern section:
--- Chinese Irish
What are the ways in which the land-grant programs benefited the nation at large? Select all that apply.
The country was brought closer together by the railroads. Western states could seek statehood. The mind-set of settlers was changed by the railroads. They helped populate the West. The railroads added jobs and stimulated growth in other industries. The railroads changed trade relations with Asia.
The ______ process involved blasting iron with hot air.
Bessemer
The Sioux would not stand by and watch the ___ be desecrated by miners.
Black Hills
What two companies began building railroads that would join to complete a transcontinental route?
Central Pacific Railroad Union Pacific Railroad
Why were people interested in building a transcontinental railroad?
People wanted to connect the west coast, especially California, with the eastern states for faster travel and greater business profits.
Miners had a strong sense of 1. ________ and formed committees to maintain 2.________ .
1. justice 2. order
The greatest oil tycoon was ___.
John D. Rockefeller
Why were land grants important to the railroad industry?
Land grants allowed the railroad to pass through territory and to raise money through the sale of lands.
The state not included in the Nez Perce reservation was ___.
Montana
What was done to punish those who had participated in the massacre?
Nothing was done as punishment.
What two sources of land were available to settlers?
land through the Homestead Act land purchased from the railroads
The regulations passed by citizen committees became the foundation for _______ in the western states.
mining codes
If there are any errors contact us at: And remember crt+f for success
Fill in the missing information. States added to the United States between 1864 and 1912 1. 1864 2. 1867 3. 1876 4. 1889 5. 1889 6. 1889 7. 1889 8. 1890 9. 1890 10. 1896 11. 1907 12. 1912 13. 1912
--- 1. Nevada 2. Nebraska 3. Colorado 4. North Dakota 5. South Dakota 6. Montana 7. Washington 8. Idaho 9. Wyoming 10. Utah 11. Oklahoma 12. New Mexico 13. Arizona
lesson 1->3
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What were the cities with important rail yards for cattle in the 19th century? Select all that apply.
Cheyenne, Wyoming Wichita, Kansas Denver, Colorado Dodge City, Kansas Ellsworth, Kansas Kansas City, Missouri (or Kansas) Abilene, Kansas Topeka, Kansas
What federal act nearly stopped the flow of Chinese immigrants?
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
These words below are very close in meaning. Using your library or internet resources, compare and contrast these words and explain the differences. annihilate vs. decimate eradicate vs. massacre
Definitions: annihilate: destroy utterly; obliterate. decimate: kill, destroy, or remove a large percentage or part of. eradicate: destroy completely; put an end to. massacre: an indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people.
The Sioux people turned to their ancient ways and performed the ___ in hopes of getting help from the spirits.
Ghost Dance
What was the Bozeman Trail?
The Bozeman Trail was a trail leading from Colorado to Montana through several mountain passes and valleys.
What is indicated by the expression "end of the frontier"?
The Great Plains filled rapidly so that there was soon no unexplored or unsettled territory.
Make a connection. Why do you think there were so many farmers who needed training in the Great Plains in the late 19th century? Select three reasons.
The Great Plains required dry farming techniques because of the scarcity of water. There was an increase in immigration, so the demand for more food increased. The Homestead Act brought many people to the Great Plains who had never farmed before.
What was the purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862?
The Homestead Act of 1862 allowed settlers to buy land provided they followed certain provisions.
What was the name of the act that established agricultural extension services?
The Smith-Lever Act
What two types of power made a difference in the late 19th century?
electric steam
The railroads did not cause all the new growth, but they ________ it.
enabled
Men who invested in businesses were called ___.
capitalists
Crazy Horse died when ___.
he was bayoneted while resisting being placed in prison
Much of the growth in American cities can be attributed to the _______.
railroads
