us poly

It takes at least __________ to make a credible challenge in a political campaign to unseat an incumbent in most districts, and in many areas with expensive media markets, the minimum price tag for such a campaign is __________.

$1 million; $2 million

About how many Senate seats are in contest in any given election?

33

Which of the following is the most common path that a case takes to get to the Supreme Court?

: writ of certiorari

If a legislator is elected with less than 55 percent of the vote, he or she is said to

A marginal seat is any seat where the winner received less than 55 percent of the vote in a two-person race.

Choose all of the following categories that David Mayhew described as part of Congress's "electoral connection."

Advertising, credit claiming, and position taking are Mayhew's three "electoral connection" categories.

Which president expanded use of the spoils system as the federal government began to perform more tasks?

Andrew Jackson

What is regulatory capture?

Bureaucrats favor the interests of the groups or corporations they are supposed to regulate at the expense of the general public.

A high presidential approval rating produces which of the following consequences?

Congress is more likely to support the president's programs.

Which president threatened to pack the Court with justices who would support his policies?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Choose all of the following statements about opinion writing that are true.

If the Chief Justice is in the majority, he or she assigns the person who writes the majority opinion. , If the Chief Justice is not in the majority, the most senior member of the Court in the majority assigns the majority opinion.

How is a Senior Executive Service position different from other bureaucratic positions?

It does not have civil service protections.

Basic details about the federal court system, such as the creation of district courts and the size of the Supreme Court, are found in what document?

Judiciary Act of 1789

Which group is responsible for monitoring government spending and preparing the president's annual spending proposal?

Office of Management and Budget

Choose all of the following that are norms of how Congress functions.

Specialization, universalism, and seniority are all norms of Congress.

Choose all of the following correct paths that a bill can take in becoming a law

The following two answers are correct: Subcommittee -> Floor -> Conference Committee -> President and Floor -> Conference Committee -> Floor -> Veto. Remember that once a bill goes to the president, it will not go back to conference committee.

What was the name of the legislation that required presidents to seek congressional approval for major military operations around the world?

War Powers Resolution

What do whips do?

Whips gather information and building party coalitions.

What is a class action lawsuit?

a civil lawsuit brought by a group of individuals

What is markup as it relates to Congress?

a collaborative process in which the final wording of a bill is determined

In Lawrence v. Texas the Supreme Court struck down a law banning sodomy in Texas. This is an example of judicial __________.

activism

Recess appointments

allow the president to bypass Senate confirmation

Who is most likely to submit an amicus curiae brief?

an interest group

What the public refers to as gridlock and bickering is often a manifestation of representatives dealing with the dueling demands that they

be responsible national leaders and responsive to local concerns.

In many parts of the bureaucracy, hiring is done at least in part by how people score on an examination. This is best described as an example of what?

civil service regulations

Madison saw the relatively short two-year House term as a means of accomplishing what?

consolidating political power in the legislative and not the executive branch IncorrectFEEDBACK: By having members of Congress go up for reelection every two years, Madison hoped that they would be closely tied to public sentiment.

The Judiciary Act of 1789

created a system of federal courts.

What is the function of the Office of Management and Budget?

creating the president's annual budget proposal to Congress, reviewing proposed rules, and other budget-related tasks

In __________ cases, the government is always the plaintiff.

criminal

Since the 1960s, the number of marginal seats in Congress has

decreased consistently

Officially, state legislatures redraw district boundaries every 10 years to ensure that

districts are approximately equal in population.

Much of what made Congress the "first branch" of national government in the early days of U.S. history are powers grounded in the

elastic clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article I, §8, clause 18).

The vesting clause of the Constitution states that

executive power is to be vested in the president of the United States.

The president negotiates a free-trade treaty with Colombia. The treaty then goes to the Senate for approval. The Senate cannot force the president to negotiate with a country if the president does not desire to do so. What is this an example of?

first mover advantage

James Monroe's "Monroe Doctrine" demonstrates the important role that early presidents played in what area?

foreign policy

The incumbency advantage specifically refers to incumbent politicians'

frequency of reelection.

The Great Society saw bureaucratic expansions into which of the following areas? Choose all that apply.

health care for the elderly and poor, education, civil rights for minorities

The Federal Reserve and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are examples of what?

independent agencies

Which of the following is an example of a member of Congress performing police patrol oversight?

interviewing senior bureaucratic personnel

The __________ approach to deciding Supreme Court cases says that justices should attempt to defer to the elected branches of government and not contradict their actions.

judicial restraint

As the power of __________has evolved, it has become a central part of the system of checks and balances. Select one:

judicial review

What is the source of the president's statutory authority?

laws enacted by Congress

Urban voters tend to expect what of their representatives?

less direct contact and more policy explanations

For most people appointed to the Executive Office of the President (EOP), the primary consideration in selecting them is their

loyalty to the president

What marked a shift in the history of the bureaucracy from the spoils system predominating to the widespread use of the merit system?

passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883

Most politicians are likely to describe their representational style as that of a(n)

politico.

Which of the following is closely associated with credit claiming?

pork-barrel policies

In a civil case, what standard of proof is necessary to establish guilt?

preponderance of the evidence

After the Court ruled on Brown v. Board of Education, who enforced the controversial decision?

president;eisenhower

Choose all of the following tasks that bureaucracies routinely do.

purchase goods and services for the American government , develop and enforce regulations that shape choices made by individuals, deliver services to Americans

Which of the following is a cabinet position that is subject to Senate approval?

secretary of defense

A result of the "permanent campaign" is that

senators are less insulated from electoral forces than previously.

Laws enacted by Congress provide the president with __________ authority.

statutory

Executive agreements

take place between the executive branch and a foreign government and can be reversed by subsequent presidents.

Congress may change all of the following except

the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction.

Many bureaucratic failings can be explained by

the complexity of the tasks the bureaucracy undertakes.

What trend has allowed the president to assume a more central policy-making role?

the increasing importance of national security issues

What does the term standing refer to?

the legitimate justification for bringing a civil case to court

The interaction between the president, who needs something done, and a bureaucrat, who is responsible for carrying out the president's orders, is called

the principal-agent game.

It has been argued that the size of the federal bureaucracy can be attributed to

the tendency for bureaucrats to be budget maximizers.

The term "bully pulpit" was first associated with which President ?

theodore Roosevelt

What does the franking privilege allows representatives to do?

to send mail at no cost

Which of the following is a common strategy for preventing bureaucratic drift?

using standardized procedures in the monitoring of agency behavior