US/AZ GOV FINAL

Delegates of the Constitutional Convention

"upper-class, educated, white males"

Second Continental Congress

- Here, colonists draft the Declaration of Independence

The Coercive Acts

- Passed by the British Parliament in response to the Tea-Party

Lexington and Concord

- The first organized conflict in the American war for Independence

Judicial branch requirements

1. Good moral character 2. At least 30 years old 3. Practiced law in Arizona for 5 years 4. Law school graduate 5. Mandatory retirement at age 70.

congressional districts are drawn every __ years after the national census taken

10

Bicameral

2 part legislature

Congress term

2 years, broken into two one year sessions

House and State AZ term

2 years, max 4 consecutive terms

state official requirements

25 years of age, U.S. citizen, state resident for 3 years, county resident for 1 year Term

Virginia Plan

3 branch strong executive and bicameral legislature proposal

NJ Plan

3 branch weak executive and a unicameral legislature

AZ districts

30

sen

30

redraws lines

5 member commison

Superior Courts

5 members, hear majority of AZ cases, 4 year term

reps

60

justices on the Supreme court

9

French and Indian War

A costly conflict and a reason Parliament began to tax the Colonies

Oligarchy

A dictatorship in which a small usually self-appointed elite holds the power to rule

What were two major reasons the Declaration of Independence was written? A request for money and to state the colonies were now independent states A list of complaints and a request for money A list of complaints and to rally the world to the colonist's side A request to stop unfair taxation and a promise to obey the King

A list of complaints and to rally the world to the colonist's side

time where ideas formed around the foundation of the American democracy

Age of Reason

Historians say that Magna Carta is more important than the sum of its parts. Which one of the following statements best explains this viewpoint? There are 63 chapters plus an introduction to Magna Carta. Most of the provisions of Magna Carta relate to free men. Magna Carta is England's Constitution. All 63 chapters of Magna Carta are not as important as the fact that King John accepted the rule of law over his personal will.

All 63 chapters of Magna Carta are not as important as the fact that King John accepted the rule of law over his personal will.

Polis

Aristotle's book of ideals and classical democracy

Legislative (LEJ)

Article 1

Executive (LEJ)

Article 2

Judicial (LEJ)

Article 3

The powers of commerce, trade between the states, currency, and courts were given to the states under the _____________, changes had to be unanimous.

Articles of Confederation.

Whip

Assistant floor leader in one house of Congress

First Democracy in Ancient Greek

Athens

Which one of the following pairs of words best describes King John? Cruel and cowardly Cautious and crafty Honest and straightforward Intelligent and heroic

Cautious and crafty

__________________, a French Enlightenment writer, argued that even in democratic forms of government, authority corrupts and as a result, a __________ was needed

Charles de Montesquieu Government

Gibbons v Ogde

Commerce Clause, regulate any aspect of commerce that crossed state lines

Cabinet Departments

Composed of the heads of 15 federal agencies that are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate

Right winged

Conservatives

Authoritarian

Demands total obedience to authority

Autocracy

Dictatorship, one person holds power

County Board of Supervisors

Each member represents one of the five supervisorial districts, 4 yr terms, residents of the district they represent

Rights of citizenship established

English Bill of Rights

EPA

Environmental

Brown v Board

Equal Protection Clause

Egalitarianism

Equality

JMAD

Father of constitution

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist, signed Constitution, one of Federalist Paper authors, first secretary of the treasury under George Washington

City Council

Fiscal Policy

Treaty

Formal agreement between nations

Founding Fathers

Framers, signed the constitution

Texas v Johnson

Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag

Revenue bills

House of Reps

Speaker of the House is elected by

House's majority party

Sugar Act

Inspired the slogan "No taxation without representation"

___________ and ___________ both wrote of the Social Contract Theory, which states that government is an agreement between the people and those who rule.

John Locke Jean-Jacque Rousseau

What Enlightenment thinkers did Thomas Jefferson borrow from in the Declaration of Independence? John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau Patrick Henry and Thomas Paine Charles Montesquieu and James Madison and Alexander Hamilton

John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau

religious influences on western democracies

Judaism and Christianity

Which one of the following statements best repeats Warren's conclusion? King John was a petty tyrant. King John was a great king. King John wasted his potential. King John was smart.

King John wasted his potential.

President pro tempore

Leads the Senate while the vice president is absent. Selected by the majority party, usually a senior member of the party.

Unicameral

Legislature with one part or house

"A free man shall not be amerced [punished] for a trivial offense except in accordance with the degree of the offense, and for a grave offense he shall be amerced in accordance with its gravity . . . ." Which one of the following statements best explains the provision of Magna Carta quoted above? Those accused of both minor and major crimes have a right to defend themselves in a court of law. Let the punishment fit the crime. All lawbreakers should be harshly punished. Free men should not be punished for minor offenses.

Let the punishment fit the crime.

Stamp Act

Levied a charge on all printed materials

Left wing (LL)

Liberals

Precinct

Local voting district

The French King ______________ is a perfect example of an absolute monarchy who justified his power based on the idea of __________________.

Louis XVI Divine right

Direct democracy via town meetings here

MA

King must obey the law

Magna Carta

Which one of the following is the best example of "the rule of law"? The barons declare they will not provide soldiers or pay money to King John for his proposed invasion of France. Pope Innocent III proclaims Magna Carta null and void. King John arrests and imprisons anyone who opposes his rule. Magna Carta forbids King John to interfere with the appointment of Church officials.

Magna Carta forbids King John to interfere with the appointment of Church officials.

Which one of the following statements about Magna Carta is not a fact but an opinion? Some of the ideas in Magna Carta were later included in our own Constitution. Magna Carta limited the power of the king. Magna Carta is the greatest statement for liberty written in the English language. Magna Carta put the law above the king.

Magna Carta is the greatest statement for liberty written in the English language.

Example of a covenant

Mayflower Compact

Municipal Courts

Misdemeanors, both civil and criminal

Separation of powers developed by

Montesquieu

Speaker of the House

Most powerful person on Capitol Hill

McCullough v Maryland

Necessary and Proper Clause, Chief Justice John Marshall's

Regulatory Agencies

Other agencies in the Executive branch oversee specific regulatory functions of the federal government

Delegate

Party Rep

Totalitarian

Political authority exercises absolute control over all aspects of life and opposition is outlawed

Marbury v Madison

Power of Judicial Review

Parliament edict that infuriated colonists, prevented them from moving West

Proclamation of 1763

Repeal

Recall Regulation

Presiding officer of the House.

Recognizes speakers, controls debates. Determines committee assignments for members. Assigns bills to committees.

The Committee System (4 kinds) can amend, expedite, delay, or stop bills

Rules Committee Select Committees Joint Committees Conference Committees

governing body leading up to the revolution

Second Continental Congress

The first national government of the USA

Second Continental Congress.

Joint Committees are composed of

Senators and Representatives.

The document states that the King did not act in the interests of his subjects, and thus was not fit to rule. What is this idea or philosophy known as? Federalism Revolution Separation of Powers Social Contract

Social Contract

Born of Enlightenment thinking, the ____________________ included the idea that if rulers did not act in the interest of the people, they could be removed.

Social Contract Theory

Sovereign

Supreme power to rule

Tea Act

Taxed the most popular drink in the colonies

created to handle security and other national concerns of the United States.

The Articles of Confederation

Anarchy

The absence of governmental authority or law

Government

The institution through which society makes and enforces public policies

twenty-second amendment.

The two-term limit became a law in 1951

Why did many of King John's barons refuse to fight the French? They thought King John's taxes were too high. They did not believe in King John's cause. They did not believe warfare was the right way to settle the dispute with France. They feared they would be defeated by the French.

They did not believe in King John's cause.

If the colonists had lost the Revolutionary War, what would have happened to the 55 signers of the Declaration of Independence? They would have been revered for their bravery They would have been hired by the King for positions in the colonies They would have been tried for treason and most likely executed They would have been tried and spent several years in prison

They would have been tried for treason and most likely executed

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? John Locke Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry Thomas Paine

Thomas Jefferson

Dictatorship

Those who rule hold all political power and are not responsible to the people

Which one of the following was the main goal of the barons in forcing King John to agree to Magna Carta in 1215? To establish a bill of rights for English free men To overthrow King John To establish freedom for all Englishmen To force King John to correct numerous abuses against the barons

To force King John to correct numerous abuses against the barons

Which one of the following was the main goal of King John in agreeing to sign Magna Carta? To gain the support of Pope Innocent III To increase his popularity among the common people To regain the allegiance of the rebel barons To establish a bill of rights for English free men

To regain the allegiance of the rebel barons

The Jewish _________ and the Christian __________ included basic moral laws later adopted by the United States

Torah Bible

Boston Massacre

Used as anti- British propaganda to fan the flames of war-sentiments

Serves as president of the Senate. Votes only in case of a tie.

VP

Preamble

WHY its written

first AZ initiative

Women's suffrage

Chief Lawmaker

accepts or vetoes congressional bill an annual State of the Union message to Congress recommending a legislative agenda

FAA

air traffic control and licensing

Confederation

alliance of states that creates a central government of a very limited power

1870, the 15th amendment, yet ineffective due to poll taxes and literacy tests

allowed African American men the right to vote

27

amendments to constitution

deduction

amount subtracted from tax

The Supreme court

appellate Jurisdiction in federal cases in which the original decision is appealed

Conference Committees

are temporary committees created to work out a compromise bill when the House and the Senate have passed different versions of the same bill. Once the conference committee is finished, the bill is voted on "as-is" in both chambers

Twelfth Amendment

candidates clearly run as either president or vice president

City Manager

chief operating officer of the city, implements policies and prepares annual budget

Washington

commander, chairman of the constitutional convention

Philly

constitutional convention held here

income tax

corporate income

1700's, white male property owners

could originally vote

Republic

country governed by the elected representatives of its people

Great Comp/ Connecticut Comp

created by Roger Sherman

District courts hear a wide range of criminal and civil cases

criminal and civil cases

Judicial review

decide if a law is unconstitutional

Reapportion

divey up districts

In 1964, the 24th amendment

eliminated the poll tax

FEC

enforce campaign finance laws

Congressional Elections are held

every-even numbered year

Court begins its session

first Monday of October, and continues until late June or early July

Articles of confederation

first loose US Constitution

Virginia

first plan 4 national gov presented by these state delegates at convention

Covenant

formal binding agreement

Impeach

formal charges in hopes of removing an official from office

Two terms that mean the right to vote

franchise and suffrage.

appropriations bill

funds set aside for specific purpose

The attempt to illegally draw the lines to favor one party over another is known as

gerrymandering.

Congress could not raise taxes, but had to rely on the ______ of the states.

good faith

AZ Chief Executive

governor, 4 yr term, replaced by Sec of State, acts as president of state

Supreme Court

has original jurisdiction any case involving the U.S. Constitution, federal laws, treaties, and admiralty, and maritime affairs

Commander in Chief

head of armed forces

Medicare

health insurance for old/disabled

Monarchy

hereditary ruler

Select Committees

hold inquiries and hearings but cannot propose bills.

Tariff

im/export goods

Executive Office

individuals closest to the President

commerce

large scale buy/sell

26th amendment, 1971

lowered the voting age to 18

Chief Executive

makes appointments for federal judges, ambassadors, cabinet members (also advice and consent with senate), oversees enforcements of federal law, power to grant pardons in all federals case except those of impeachment

Chief Foreign Policy Maker

makes treaties with the advice and consent of senate

Excise Tax

manufacture, sale, use of goods/services

Years where there is no President on the ballot are called

mid-term or off year elections

Quorum

minimum number of members in attendance to conduct official business; generally, a majority of total membership

deficit

money spent over income

Committees

most bill work takes place

Justices

nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate

Incumbent

officeholder

Social Security

old age, survivors, disability

Establishmentarianism

old fashioned social order

John Jay

one of many Federalist Paper authors, first Chief Justice of the US

Moderate

opposed to radical views/measures

referendum begins with state legislature

or 5% voter signatures

Writs of Certiorar

orders to a lower court to send a record in a case for its review

Platform

party principles

Benjamin Franklin

peacemaker and steady influence at convention

Constituency

people and interests Congress represents

AZ 2 reps and 1 sen

per district

Partisanship

political party allegiance

Census

population count

Liberal

pro political liberties, democratic reforms, protection from arbitrary authority

concurrent opinion

provided by Justice(s) who agree with the majority opinion, but want to add or emphasize a specific point may write a concurring opinion

FCC

radio and television investigations

Chief of State

receives ambassador and other public ministers

Theocracy

religious authority

The three requirements to vote are United States citizenship

resident of the state, minimum age of 18, citizen may be prevented from voting if they are a convicted felon or if the court has declared them mentally incompetent

In 1961, 23rd amendment gave residents of Washington D.C. the right to vote for the President of the United States.

residents of Washington D.C vote for president

After initial term

retained on bench by voters is possible

Original jurisdiction

right of a court to hear a case first

Appellate jurisdiction

right of a court to hear a case on appeals

Inalienable

right that can't be transferred to another person

1965, the Voting Rights Act

right to vote to minorities

Conservatives

role of gov is to preserve order

Liberals

role of government is to protect rights of the people

FDR

served 3 full terms in office

Rules Committee

sets the House rules; can defeat almost any bill by not letting it pass out of committee; it's generally controlled by the Speaker of the House. Ways and Means Committee: considers revenue-raising measures, such as tax bills.

Federalism

shared state and national power

179 circuit judges

sit in the 12 U.S. Courts of Appeals

Conservative

stiff

Filibuster

strategy used only in the Senate that opponents of a bill employ to defeat it

Tinker v DesMoines

symbolic speech - black armbands

gubernatorial election

to get ballot on national initiative

Senate

tries impeachment

Primary

voters nominate candidates for office

House

votes the charges of impeachments

recall election

whether or not a public official can complete his term

Pol Parties try to control government via

winning elections, holding public office

1920, the 19th amendment,

women the right to vote

Senate

• 1/3 of elected every 2 years • 6 year term • 2 per state • Ratifies treaties with 2/3 vote • Elects Vice President if tied in Electoral College • Holds trial and convicts in impeachment cases • Resident of the state from which he/she is chosen • 100 members • At least 30 years of age • U.S. citizen for at least 9 years • Confirm presidential appointments

House of Reps

• Resident of the state from which he/she is chosen. • U.S. citizen for at least 7 years • Power to initiate revenue bills • Power to impeach • At least 25 years of age • Number per state determined by population • 2 year term • 435 members (minimum of 1 per state) • Power to actually choose the President if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes possible