ush- quizzes
in jonathan edwards' view, what was a sinner's only hope in life?
a "new birth" in which they became devout christains
the estimated percentage of free americans who remained loyal to the british during the revolution was
20 to 25 percent
for centuries before the conquest of the americas, europeans had intersected with _________ population in north america and eurasia
BUDDHIST????????
many british saw the colonists of british north america as religious dissidents, impoverished servants, and
CONVICTS?????
ignoring the proclamation of 1763 enabled colonists to do what action in the borderlands?
expand westward
"racism"—the idea that some races are inherently superior to others and entitled to rule over them—was fully developed in seventeenth-century colonial virginia
false
a strong immunity to european diseases strengthened indian resistance to the conquistadores
false
according to the doctrine of "virtual representation," the house of commons represented very few residents of the british empire, despite their voting stauses
false
alexander hamilton was an anti-federalist
false
confiscated property of loyalists was returned to them following the treaty of paris
false
during the great awakening, most preachers explicitly condemned slavery
false
except in vermont, property ownership was not a requirement for voting in the early republic
false
federal judges are nominated by the president and approved by the house of representatives
false
in 1493, the catholic pope, alexander VI, divided all the americas between spain and britain.
false
intermarriage was common between indians and english settlers
false
most european men in the 1500s owned property and could vote
false
one of the unique aspects of thomas paine's writing was his addressing the upper elite, as they were the men who had voting power
false
seventeenth-century new england quickly developed into a land of african-based slavery
false
slaves showed little inclination to challenge their enslavement in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century virginia
false
the authority of church leaders went remarkably unchallenged during the revolutionary era
false
the coercive acts were known as the abominable acts in the colonies
false
the constitution imposed high property qualifications for voting
false
the exchange of goods among spanish colonists, french colonists, and indians in north america was known as the triangular trade
false
the first battles of the revolutionary war were very successful for george washington
false
the phrase "freedom of speech" originated in colonial america
false
thomas jefferson was one of the authors of the federalist papers
false
under the articles of confederation, national government consisted of a weak legislative branch and a strong judicial branch
false
although the stamp act had mainly affected the residents of colonial ports, its breadth was eclipsed by the sugar act, which offended virtually every free colonist
false (other way around)
the immediate cause of the rioting at the home of massachusetts govenor thomas hutchinson was the sugar act
false (stamp act)
which of the following is true regarding leisler's rebellion (1689)?
following his defeat, leisler's body was decapitated and cut into four parts
during the revolutionary war, a massachusetts group of women accused a merchant of hoarding coffee, later taking matters into their own hands by
forcing open the merchant's warehouse and taking the goods
the trial of john peter zenger involved the issue of
freedom of the press
the financial strains of the seven years' war would later help spark the
french revolution
which of the following was a major cause of bacon's rebellion?
frustration over high taxes and diminishing availability of land
which two colonies became very similar over time regarding slavery
georgia and south carolina
the seneca, mohawk, and oneida created the
great league of peace
which of the following is a true statement regarding benjamin hawkins?
he promoted civilization among the native americans
how did cortes conquer the aztecs?
he relied on iron weapons and gunpowder
which of the following are true about thomas jefferson and his religious beliefs?
he viewed established churches as a major example of despotism and believed that religious liberty served as god's will
the treaty of paris marked a change in which the balance of power
in eastern north america shifted away from the indians and towards white americans
the european practice of "coverture" included that
in marriage, a wife surrendered her legal identity
the expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which of the following labor groups?
indentured servants
independence created governments democratically accountable to voters who coveted
indian land
one change in indian life after the english colonists settled was that
indian use of alcohol became increasingly common and disruptive to native american culture
bartolome de las casas in "a very brief account of the destruction of the indies" in 1552 argued that
indians should continue to practice their native faith
the us constitution
is a purely secular document that contains no reference to god and bars tests for federal officeholders
to finance the war, congress
issued hundreds of millions of dollars in paper money
which was a characteristic of roger williams' rhode island colony
it was a refuge for non conformists
why did the founding fathers create the initial house of representatives with a relatively small number of members?
it was thought that only prominent individuals could win elections in large districts
what happened to the iroquois confederacy during the american revolutionary war?
its members fought for both england and america
following the proclamation of 1763,
its ordinances were ignored and officials covered their involvement in land grabs
one of the leading federalist thinkers, known as the "father of the constitution," was
james madison
the english colonies differed from the spanish in that the spanish women could
jointly own all the wealth accumulated during marriage
the mayflower compact of 1620 asserted thatin 149
just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule
what territory did the united states acquire from france in 1803?
louisiana
why did the news of the 1492 voyage of columbus spread rapidly in europe?
the invention of printing with moveable type
in james madison's view in the federalist, the "first object of government" is
the protection of property rights
in what era did the us congress pass into law "birthright citizenship"?
the reconstruction era
federalism refers to
the relationship between the national government and the states
what was thomas jefferson's solution to tension between indians and whites after the american revolution?
the removal of indians to territory beyond the mississippi river
which of the following was a feature of the 1774 intolerable acts?
the suppression of local town meetings
jefferson's idea of the "empire of liberty" involved
the united states admitting the area's population as equal members of the political system
as a result of the three-fifths clause,
the white south gained greater power in national affairs than its free population warranted
which of the following was a british law forbidding colonial manufacture?
the wool act of 1699
which of the founding fathers served as an ambassador to france during the washington administration when shays' rebellion took place?
thomas jefferson
who wrote, "the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants"?
thomas jefferson
despite china's growing territorial power, their purpose in exploration was
to impress other world powers with their might
which of the following defines republican motherhood?
training sons to be future citizens
the bill of rights was a concession offered by the federalists to overcome widespread fears of a despotic national government
true
the brutal treatment of civilians by british forces under col. banastre tarleton persuaded many americans to join the patriot cause
true
the colonial political leader joseph galloway predicted that if the colonies were to achieve independence, a war between the northern and southern colonies would ensue
true
the constitution excluded indians "not taxed" from being counted in determining each state's number of congressmen
true
the destruction of the indian "middle ground" would not be completed until after the war of 1812
true
the first thanksgiving celebrated the pilgrims' survival and a successful harvest
true
under the headright system, anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate
true
under the seventeenth-century british navigation acts, certain goods produced in the colonies had to be taken in english ships and sold in ports in england
true
while abigail adams resented the "absolute power" husbands exercised over their wives, she did not believe in female equality in a modern sense
true
while thomas jefferson was outwardly horrified by the idea of miscegenation between blacks and whites, he apparently fathered children with his slave, sally hemings
true
what was the source of an increase in native american tribal unity in the late 1700s?
violence directed against indian people by white american soldiers and settlers
when colonists insisted that because they were not represented in parliament they could not be taxed by the british government, the british replied that they were represented by
virtual representation
committees of correspondence in the colonies during the 1760s
were a group of colonial elites who exchanged ideas and information about resistance to the sugar, currency, and stamp acts
having fled religious intolerance in england, the puritans in massachusetts
were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their versions of christianity
within the puritan community, the family was considered the foundation of a strong community while unmarried persons
were viewed as a danger to the social fabric of the community
the first african slaves were shipped to the new world in what year?
1502
the charters of liberties and privileges
allowed for a trial by jury and the security of property
a child born of an indian and a mestiza in the spanish colonies was a
coyote
women in dutch settlements
enjoyed more independence than in other colonies
among the problems facing the early settlers of jamestown colony were
high rates of death and disease
in 1762, the indians of the ohio river valley and great lakes launched a revolt against british rule called
pontiac's rebellion
because the french and dutch settlements were more dependant on indians as trading partners and allies than the english, native americans exercised more
power and freedom with europeans in relations with these settlements
which of the following true regarding the aftermath of king phillip's war?
puritans sold indian children from the warring tribes into slavery
the reconquista was the reconquest of
spain from the moors
one key motivation behind many early english settlers in the american colonies was
the desire to escape from the spiritual corruptions of england
which of the following was promoted by oliver cromwell
the expansion of protestantism
which of the following was a major reason why early europeans thought that native americans were barbaric?
their religion and cerimonial practices
which of the following is true regarding free blacks (such as anthony johnson) in virginia and maryland in the 1600s?
they could sue or testify in court
the levellers
wanted to greatly expand the right to vote
the "sacred experiment" carried out near present day san diego
was launched by the spanish in an effort to take control to prevent occupation by foreigners
the albany plan of union
was the attempt to create a council composed of delegates from each colony to levy taxes and settle domestic issues
the great awakening occurred because many ministers were concerned with
westward expansion
the carolina "regulators" of the mid-1760s were
a group of wealthy residents of the back country who protested the lack of courts and lack of representation in the colonial governance
under the dutch in north america, the "half freedom" referred to
a labor and land relationship with enslaved africans
the book of negroes was
a list of african-americans evacuated from new york city at the end of the revolutionary war
a "visible saint" was the term puritans used to describe
a person who had experienced a conversion experience
lord baltimore's sudden voting restriction based on land accumulation resulted in
a protestant uprising calling for his removal from office
Phillis Wheatley is celebrate in american history as
a published poet and slave of african origins
one significant consequence of the glorious revolution for the american colonies was
a renewed sense of entitlement to political liberty for anglican protestants
a "praying indian" was the term for
an indian who converted to christianity
which of the following accurately describes the federalists and the anti-federalists during the ratification debates?
anti-federalists criticized the constitution for lacking a bill of rights; federalists did not see a need for a bill of rights
to prevent them from being seized by british vessels and "impressed" into the british navy, congress in 1790 granted citizenship to
black sailors
white planters of the chesapeake created which of the following rules for free blacks?
blacks were not allowed to carry guns
prior to being taken over by the English in 1664, new york was
called new netherland and was controlled by the dutch
what area did england continue to control in the americans after the american revolution?
canada
during the eighteenth century, more than half the africans shipped to the new world as slaves were
carried on british vessels
thomas jefferson wrote that he hoped to erect a "wall of separation" between
church and state
the final decisive victory in the war for independence was
cornwallis' defeat at yorktown
who was considered "the first martyr" of the american revolution?
crispus attucks
shays' rebellion in late 1786 and early 1787 was a rebellion of
debt-ridden farmers who closed the courts in western massachusetts
under the articles of confederation, the national government had the power to
declare war
adding to congress's formal declaration, the declaration of independence
declared the united states independent of british rule
thomas paine's january 1776 pamphlet common sense argued that
democracy and a written constitution were more preferable to monarchy
among the suggested reasons why the english should colonize the new world were
english settlements would reduce the spanish empire and the influence of catholicism
what did jefferson in his declaration of independence blame england for doing with indians?
enlisting them to fight with the british against the americans
south carolina and georgia were the two southern colonies that failed to take what action to help the war?
enroll free blacks and slaves to fight
for most free americans in the new republic, equality meant
equal opportunity rather than equality of position
a major blow in the relationship between the british and colonists occurred when lord dunmore proclaimed
escaped african slaves who took up arms for the king of england would be freed
which of the following was a significant feature of the salem witchcraft hysteria of the early 1690s
many inhabitants accused others of witchcraft in order to defect suspicion from themselves
native american religious beliefs and practices included
medicine men in position of authority
a "borderland" is a
meeting place of peoples where geographic and cultural borders are not clearly defined
under the ideals of liberalism, the 'social contract' extorted that
men retain their natural rights because these rights predated the establishment of political authority
at the time of the first contact between europeans and native americans, native americans had not developed
metal tools and machines
as a result of the seven years' war, a large number of french residents in nova scotia
moved to louisiana, where their descendants were to be known as cajuns
why did the pueblo revolt take place?
native americans in mexico grew resentful of spanish colonization
the constitution mandates that the president of the united states must be a
natural born citizen
the first slave uprising of the eighteenth century, which occurred in _________, included houses burned and the deaths of nine whites
new york
while some 5000 slaves fought for american independence, far more gained liberty by
obtaining sanctuary from the british
henry care, author of "english liberties" demonstrates that seventeenth century identities rested in part on negative images of
other nations
thomas jefferson helped pass laws in the state of virginia that abolished "primogeniture," which is defined as
passing the entirety of a family's land to the oldest son
which of the following was the theme of a puritan thought?
people enter this world as either "elect" or "dammed"
Who were the mestizos in the americas?
persons of mixed spanish and indian origin
in the prevailing theory of mercantilism, the government should
regulate economic activity to promote the nations power
pennsylvania's charter of liberty
required persons to affirm jesus christ's divinity
the maryland act concerning negroes and other slaves (1664) held that white women who married slaves had to
serve her husband's owner until the slave's death
why is deborah sampson significant?
she was the daughter if a massachusetts farmer who disguised herself as a man to fight in the american revolution
the english "enclosure" movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off "commons" land so that the land could be taken up by
sheep
which of the following is true regarding the middle passage?
ship captains sometimes threw slaves overboard, especially when they were sick
what did the 1766 declaratory act declare?
that parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies "in all cases whatever"
adam smith's wealth of nations (1776) argued that
the "invisible hand" of the free market was more effective and fairer than government intervention in the economy
the effect of enlightenment on religion resulted in
the adoption of the concept of deism
in the mid-eighteenth century colonies, this area of settlement was the most rapidly growing region in north america
the backcountry
british success in the seven years' war contributed to the making of the american revolution because
the british government raised taxes to pay for the debt it incurred during the war
following the seven years' war, what factor led to a loss of power for native american tribes in eastern north america?
the departure of the french
of the possible uses for the western lands and its settlement, the confederation government faced conflicting pressures including
the economic health of the new republic as farmers obtained access to land in the west
The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called
the enlightenment
the primary goal of fifteenth-century portuguese expansion was
the establishment of a trading empire in asia
african slaves comprised the majority of the 10 million people who crossed the atlantic ocean to settle in the americas in the years from 1492 to 1820
true
africans enslaved other Africans long before the arrival of european traders
true
an early skirmish between the colonists and british soldiers was over the seizure of arms stockpiled in concord
true
as originally written, the constitution acknowledged and tacitly supported the institution of slavery
true
at trenton, washington staged a surprise attack on hessian soldiers in the service of the british
true
britons and colonists tended to regard themselves as the freest people in the world
true
by 1750, the virginian population recognized "white" and "free" as virtually identical
true
by the 1700s, the population of spanish north america was small, consisting of a few, isolated, urban clusters in florida, texas, and new mexico
true
charles willson peale painted portraits of the founding fathers
true
colonial america was a hierarchical society in which some european colonists were indentured servants, indians were held in forced labor, and africans were slaves
true
colonial political offices frequently passed from generation to generation within the same family
true
during the early to mid-eighteenth century, consumption of manufactured goods penetrated the colonial countryside
true
during the first half of the eighteenth century, the flow of non-English migrants to british north america was larger than that of english migrants
true
during the revolution, american indians divided in allegiance
true
during the seven years' war, great britain treated the colonists as allies, yet only a few years later the colonists were treated as subordinates again
true
england and scotland were united in 1707 by the act of union to create great britain
true
england's ongoing struggle to subdue ireland delayed its entry into new world colonization
true
every european empire in the new world utilized slave labor and battled for control of the slave trade
true
george washington, a british soldier, was forced to surrender at fort necessity in pennsylvania after he lost a third of his men in an ill-conceived effort to fight a larger french and indian force
true
in his work, a summary view of the rights of british america, thomas jefferson demanded that the british empire be viewed as a collection of equal parts held together by loyalty to a constitutional monarch, and not a system in which one part ruled over the others
true
in puritan new england, a husband's authority in his house was nearly absolute; genuine freedom for a women was understood to come from her subjection to her husband's will and desires
true
in the 1600s, nearly one quarter of english settlers came as indentured servants
true
in thomas jefferson's draft of the declaration of independence, he berated the king regarding the continued inhumanity of the slave trade
true
mexico won independence from spain in 1821.
true
most immigrants to america from england in the 1600s were poor, young, single men
true
most indian tribes were matrilineal
true
newspaperman john peter zenger printed several issues targeting the governor of new york's corruption, and he was found not guilty as his accusations were found to be true
true
on the eve of colonization of the americas, freedom in europe was framed in hierarchical, top-down terms, with each level of society enjoying its own degree of freedom
true
one of america's earliest trade experiences was with china
true
russian traders established a series of forts in an attempt to challenge the spanish for north american territory.
true
seventeenth-century maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration
true
some slaves gained their freedom by serving as soldiers during the revolution
true
the 1790 naturalization act barred non-white foreigners from attaining american citizenship
true