UWF BSC1005 Chapter 10 & 11 Homework & Quiz

You wish to research how genetics determine color of deer mice. How many genes should you focus on?

1

In the projected video showing the growth of bacteria, why did the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics?

A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present.

Which of the following correctly describes what the video referred to as a "microbial cure"?

Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person.

Which of the following is true?

Current research indicates that medians are not similar to islands when comparing the diversity of animals or plants.

Which of the following is true?

Once it is established in a population, a new mutation may increase or decrease in frequency depending on the environment.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Organisms can change their DNA in order to become better adapted to their environment.

Which example describes biological evolution?

Over time, a caterpillar species becomes as green as the leaves it eats.

You are infected with an antibiotic-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Where did you most likely contract it?

hospital

Natural selection ultimately depends on favorable what?

mutations

Which of the following contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance?

taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor

How would evolutionary biologists define the fitness of an organism?

the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce

What does the wide variety of different types of animal eyes represent?

the intermediate forms that probably occurred in the common ancestors of today's animals

True or false: The process of natural selection occurs at the species level.

False

In the video, what does the UK's Chief Medical Officer suggest for promoting the development of new antibiotics?

encouraging big pharmaceutical companies to start investing again in new drug research and development

After his journey on the HMS Beagle, Darwin made this now-famous sketch in his notebook. Which ideas does it represent?

- All species are connected to one another in a "family tree." - All species are linked to one another by common ancestry. - Species descend from other species just as naturally as children come from parents.

Darwin and Wallace made independent observations in different parts of the world. Which statements are true?

- Both collected huge numbers of specimens and realized that individuals vary within species. - Both witnessed nature up close and realized it was a battlefield with massive casualties. - Both observed slightly different species on nearby islands and concluded that species could change over time.

Darwin and Wallace independently arrived at the same conclusion that species change over time. Which observations supported their conclusions?

- Mockingbirds from different Galapagos islands had subtle, consistent differences. - The fossilized remains of giant sloths were similar to the smaller, living sloths Darwin encountered. - Tortoises from different Galapagos islands have distinct shells. - Birdwing butterflies were found throughout the Malay archipelago, but species differed slightly from island to island. - The bony shells of armadillos resembled fossilized shells from the extinct Glyptodon. - Bird families clustered geographically: cockatoos in the Malay Archipelago and Australia, macaws and hummingbirds in the Americas.

Which observations led Darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals?

- The fossilized remains of giant sloths were found in places where smaller sloths now live. - The bony shells of armadillos resembled the shells of ancient Glyptodon fossils.

Which sequence of events describes natural selection?

A population of a mammal species varies in the length of their legs; water levels rise and the habitat becomes swampy; the individuals with shorter legs are better able to swim to food; the population evolves to become shorter-legged.

Which of the following best describes what we can determine about the evolution of the eye?

A variety of species exist that are likely to be similar to common ancestors whose eyes evolved to different degrees over time.

Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection?

Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced.

Which fact best supports the hypothesis of one common ancestor for all life?

DNA sequences from bacteria can be transferred to plants and other organisms.

In a species of snail, dark-shelled individuals are better hidden from bird predators in the shady forest, while light-shelled individuals are better hidden in well-lit brushy edge areas. If there were no areas of intermediate brightness in this habitat, which type of selection would act on shell color in these snails?

Disruptive selection

Which of the following is true?

Genotype determines phenotype.

Is it possible to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics?

Is it possible to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics?

What did Wallace conclude from observing that the bones in manatee flippers look similar to the bones in a human arm and hand?

Manatees' arm and finger bones are evidence that manatees share a common ancestor with land mammals.

A giraffe and a mouse (both mammals) have the same number of vertebrae in their neck and spine. Which of the following accounts for this?

The vertebrae in their neck and spine are homologous because they share a common ancestor.

As Wallace traveled the Malay Archipelago, he noticed that western islands had placental mammals, like monkeys. Eastern islands had marsupial mammals, like kangaroos. How did Wallace explain this distribution?

The western islands were once connected to Asia and the eastern islands had been connected to Australia. The islands had never been connected to each other.

Sharks (which are fish) and dolphins (which are mammals) are both shaped like a torpedo. Which of the following accounts for this?

Their shape arose through convergent evolution, since that shape is beneficial for animals living in the ocean.

How are a bat's wing, a sea lion's flipper, and a lion's front leg related?

They are all homologous structures.

What is unique about deer mice?

They are the most populous mouse found in North America.

The three-spine stickleback typically lacks armor in fresh water. Why?

To allow for faster growth.

Which of the following best describes the likely evolutionary steps that led to a complex eye like we see in humans?

a flat sheet of light-sensitive cells; light-sensitive cells in a cup; a pinhole camera without a lens; a pinhole camera with a lens

What is the process by which populations adapt to a changing environment?

natural selection

According to the video, how quickly could evolution take place, going from the simplest light-sensitive cells to a fully-functioning eye?

over the course of 400,000 generations

You discover that a company illegaly dumped old vats of PCBs into a nearby river. What do you expect to see?

Fish with deformities.

When Charles Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle, what did he and most of his contemporary scientists think about the origin of species?

Most scientists, including Darwin, thought each species was specially created by God in its present form and did not change over

A particular antibiotic kills 99% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic?

Over time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria.

Small lizards have difficulty defending their territory, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Which type of selection would act on body size in these lizards under these conditions?

Stabilizing selection

What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps?

The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria.

True or false: Natural selection is only one of several possible causes of evolution.

True