Uworld 10/10/21
Q. 2. 868: After what period of time will Fetal Hemoglobin transform into Adult hemoglobin?
After 6 months! HbF consists of alpha2gamma2
Q. 8. 19319: What does a patient with Cervical radiculopathy present with?
Presentation depends on the affected nerve root. Normally presents with neck or arm pain. Due to Spinal Spondylosis which is is seen in aging due to degeneration of vertebral bodies, discs, and joints Or Vetebral disc herniation which is degeneration of Ligamentum fibers which leads to intervertebral disc annulus and nerve root compression.
Q. 17. 19177: What occurs to the renal adaptations during pregnancy?
Renal Blood flow unchanged, GFR increased due too increased RENAL Plasma flow (from massive vasodilation), Serum Creatinine levels Decreased (due too the accumulaiton of all those changes)
Q. 14. 674: Name the injuries seen on UMN injuries?
Spastic paralysis, hyper reflexia, + Babinski sign, Clasp-knife rigidity Vs LMN = Flaccid paralysis, hypotonia, Hyporeflexia, Muscle atrophy and Fasculations
Q. 1. 15528: What are the Changes seen in a patient who has asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction?
Look for reduced ejection fraction leading too activtion of SNS leadin to Increased NE, and then decreased perfusion of the renal arteries leading to increase in RAAS, and the since you have increased atrial and Ventircular stretch it leads too Increased ANP and BNP
Q. 18. 21470: How does Epinpehrine work as a treatment for Anaphylaxis Type I HSR?
Epinephrine binds to Adrenergic receptors on the surface of mast cells and inhibits mast cell degranulation and will counteract inflammatory effects
Q. 11. 1944: What drugs do you give a patient with Chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
Give the patient, ANG II blocker, ACE inhibitor, Beta blocker, Mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist, SGLT2 inhibitors
Q. 19. 2131: What is serum antibodies to the Phospholipase A2 receptor in a Nephrotic syndrome?
This is Membranous Nephropathy!
Q. 13. 2019: Describe the action of Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a retrovirus medication?
This is used as NRTIand used to prevent maternal to fetal transmission of HIV during labor. These analogues do not have 3'hydroxyl group and will stop Phosphodiester bond formation
Q. 9. 16670: What does focal nodular hyperplasia present as grossly and histologically?
This presents as Central stellate scar with radiating fibrous septa that contain large, thick-walled arteries Grossly appears as well-circumscribed, solitary mass with central stellate scar
Q. 12. 14966: Can you get Angina in a patient with aortic stenosis in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease?
YES you can due too an increase in LEV mass and Wentricular wall stress Because the heart has gotten so big you have increase in myocardial oxygen demand
Q. 6. 18779: How does an Empyema get pus into the pleural space?
You will have this most commonly result from Bacterial translocation from the alveoli into the pleural space
