Vascular Review Modules

in reviewing a lab data of comparing carotid duplex and MRA, stats showed: sensitivity 85%, specificity 95%, PPV 89%, and NPV 98%. which could be the accuracy for this lab? A. 88 B. 92 C. 96 D. 98

B. 92%

which of the following modes is used venous plethysmographic testing? A. AC mode B. DC mode C. B mode D. M mode

B. DC mode

vascular compromise occurs during inhalation in which condition? A. lymphedema B. median arcuate ligament syndrome C. takayasu arteritis D. TOS

B. MALS

the rate of outflow following the release of a venous tourniquet is termed: A. MVC B. MVO C. PI D. RI

B. MVO

the adson maneuver is utilized to evaluate: A. Thoracic outlet syndrome B. subclavian steal C. stenosis D. trauma

A, TOS

phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a potential limb threatening condition caused by: A. reduced venous outflow and arterial inflow secondary to vein thrombosis B. arterial spasms secondary to arterial embolus C. reduced venous outflow and arterial inflow secondary to tissue hypoxia D. venous spasms secondary to venous thrombosis

A.

a 9 mm carotid artery bulb has a stenosis with a residual lumen of 4 mm and a distal ICA diameter of 4 mm/ What is the percent stenosis using the NASCET method? A. 0% B. 44% C. 66% D. 100%

A. 0%

which transducer is generally used to interrogate abdominal vessels in an adult? A. 3 MHz B. 7 C. 10 D. 12.5

A. 3 mhz

Boyd's perforators connect the GSV to the" A. popliteal vein B. post tibial vein C. lesser saph D.CFV

A. Popliteal vein

a loose fitting cuff will affect results of segmental test by: A. abnormally high pressure B. abnormal low pressure C. no affect D. cause cuff to shift

A. abnormally high pressure

Which has low resistive pattern in normal state? A. celiac artery B. SMA in fasting C. aorta D. CFA

A. celiac artery

which would be an abnormal finding when performing a duplex exam of the lower ext veins above the calf level? A. continuous venous flow B. vein is compressible C. spontaneous signal D. phasic signal seen

A. continuous venous flow

a pt with arterial TOS high exhibit any symptoms except? A. focal pain in temporal area B. arm pain C. pins and needles sensation D. cyanosis of arms in certain position

A. focal pain in temporal area

chronic thrombus can be characterized as: A. hetero, firm, hyper B. homo, firm, hypo C. homo, soft, hyperechoic D. hetero, soft, hypoechoic

A. hetero, firm, hyper

a RI less than 0.7 in a renal allograft indicates: A. normal B. renal infarction C. transplant rejection D. renal stenosis

A. normal

Ohm's law is analogous to: A. poiseuilles B. snell's C. bernoulli D. piezoelectric effect

A. poiseuilles

a Brescia-cimino fistular for dialysis access is created most commonly form what two vessels? A. radial artery to cephalic vein B. brachial artery to median cubital vein C. radial artery to basilic vein D. ulnar artery to cephalic vein

A. radial artery to cephalic vein

cavitation is best described as: A. sound interacting with microbubbles B. the circular motion of fluids seen in US C. conversion of sound energy into heat D. a parameter that describes acoustic output

A. sound interacting with microbubbles

which of the following vessels could be used s a bypass conduit? A. ulnar artery B. brachial artery C. internal mammary art D. lumbar artery

C. internal mammary

which statement about angiography is false? A. contrast agent is used to see anatomy B. anatomy on obese can be seen C. non invasive D. can be performed on post surgical pt

C. non invasive

the deep palmar arch is located: A. distally over metacarpals B. over metatarsals C. over prox aspect of palm D. distal to dorsalis pedis artery

C. over proc aspect of palm

a penile/brachial index of 0.62 would indicate: A. normal B. venous leak C. penile arterial insufficiency D. external iliac art disease

C. penile art insuff

blood will move from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta when: A. the pressure within the AO is higher than the pressure in the LV B. the pressure in the LA exceeds the pressure in the LV C. the pressure in the LV is higher than the pressure in the AO D. the pressure in the AO is higher than the pressure in the LA

C. pressure in the LV is higher than the pressure in the AO

The ability of a test to detect disease when it is really present: A. accuracy B. specificity C. sensitivity D. PPV

C. sensitivity

which of the following doppler waveforms from the pop vein would suggest CHF? A. spontaneous non phasic B. spontaneous phasic C. spontaneous pulsatile D. no flow

C. spontaneous pulsatile

an instrument that can be utilized to eval the US system sensitivity, dynamic range, and elevation resolution is: A. test object phantom B. string phantom C. tissue equivalent phantom D. mechanical phantom

C. tissue equiv

initial treatment for cerebrovascular disease: A. endarterectomy B. pharmacological intervention C. thromboembolytic therapy D. control and reduce risk factors

D control and reduce risks

A renal artery to aortic ratio (RAR) greater than ____ is abnormal A. 1.5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 3.5

D. 3.5

MODULE 1 FLUID DYNAMICS

MODULE 1

MODULE 2 PHYSIOLOGY AND HEMODYNAMICS

MODULE 2

MODULE 3 PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYMPTOMS

MODULE 3

MODULE 4 CEREBROVASCULAR

MODULE 4

MODULE 5 PERIPHERAL VENOUS

MODULE 5

MODULE 6 PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL

MODULE 6

MODULE 9 QUALITY MEASUREMENTS

MODULE 9

what is the longest vein in the body? A.IVC B. SVC C. femoral D. greater saph

D. GREATER SAPH

which would reseal a halo appearance? A. stenosis B. TOS C. trauma D. arteritis

D. arteritis

the transorbital approach for transcranial doppler issued to study the: A. basilar arts B. ant cerebral art C. middle cerebral art D. carotid siphon

D. carotid siphon

the non-invasive test was negative and the gold standard was positive. what is this called? A. true positive B. false positive C. true negative D. false negative

D. false negative

normal recovery time for photoplethysmography venous reflux study should be: A. immediate B. less than 5 sec C. less than 15 sec D. greater than 20 sec

D. greater than 20 sec

another term for pain developing 15-30 min after eating is called: A. cardiac angina B. hypotension C. stasis D. mesenteric ischemia

D. mesenteric ischemia

describe path of SMA: A. originates from lateral aspect of the ao and courses superior to feed the stomach B. originates from anterior aspect of the aorta and courses along the post medial surface of the pancreatic head C. originates from the posterior aspect of the ao and courses inferior along the spine D. originates from the anterior aspect of the ao and courses inferior to feed small intestine and colon

D. ogs from anterior aspect of ao and courses inferior to feed small intestine and colon

a thermal index study of 3 indicates: A. normal TI value B. increased your output level C. receive gain should be decreased D. the output level may be excessively high

D. output level high

pulse volume recording is a doer of which of the following methods/techniques? A. segmental pressures B. photoplethysmography C. impedance plethys D. pneumoplethysmography

D. pneumoplethys

a TIPS procedure is used for treatment of: A. renovascular hyper B. mesenteric ischemia C. ao aneurysm D. portal hyper

D. portal hyper

a sono ying-yang sign appearance is seen in: A. AV fistula B. hematoma C. hemodialysis graft D. pseudoaneurysm

D. pseudoaneurysm

the routine eval of equipment performance and routine maintenance is called: A. mechanical index B. temporal index C. biological effect D. quality assurance

D. quality assurance

venous ulcers are typically: A. deep and painful B. deep, red and scaly C. shallow, moist, and above bony prominence D. shallow, moist, above medial Malleolus

D. shallow, moist, above medial malleolus

patient position for PPG refill study should be: A. supine head elevated B. reverse trendelenburg C. supine legs externally rotated D. sitting with legs dangling

D. sitting with legs dangling

what medication is a thrombolytic agent? A. heparin B. aspirin C. warfarin D. tPA

D. tPA

what is most likely the cause of stenosis in a hemodialysis access graft? A. atherosclerosis B. arteritis C. fibromuscular dysplasia D. thrombus

D. thrombus

which of the following is the most common site for atherosclerotic development?? A. post arterial wall B. arterial bifurcations C. calcified art D. brachial art

B. arterial bifur

in the ECST criteria, the measurement of the ICA diameter for the denominator is obtained: A. prox to area of stenosis B. at site of stenosis C. distal to stenosis D. dependent upon physician

B. at site of stenosis

which vessel segment is diseased? highest brachial 150 mmHg high thigh 172 mmHg above knee 165 mmHg below knee 122 mmHg ankle 109 mmHg A. aorta iliac B. femoral popliteal C. profunda femoris D. post tibial

B. femoral-popliteal

a greater saph vein that is left in native position when used as a bypass graft is known as: A. prothetic graft B. insitu graft C. reversed graft D. cryopreserved graft

B. insitu

which is a risk factor for venous abdominal vascular disease? A. smoking B. liver disease C. hypertension D. hypotension

B. liver disease

a normal doppler in the SMA postprandial (after eating) should be: A. high resistive with PSV of 200 cm/s B. low resistive C. low resistive with PSV of 200 cm/s D. high resistive

B. low resistive

an infection within an arterial wall causing dilation of the vessel wall is termed: A. pseudoaneurysm B. mycotic aneurysm C. fusiform aneurysm D. dissecting aneurysm

B. mycotic aneurysm

which would cause a decrease or absence of respiratory phasicity in CFV doppler signal? A. venous incompetence B. patient in supine C. femoral artery occlusion D. dehydration

B. patient in supine

which vein may not normally have spontaneous doppler signal? A. pop B. post tib C. ext iliac D. femoral

B. post tib

the left renal vein A. ant to SMA and inf to AO to enter the IVC B. post to SMA ant to AO to enter the IVC C. lat to SMA and medial to AO to enter the IVC D. post to celiac artery and anterior to the AO to enter the IVC

B. post to SMA ant to AO to enter IVC

what relationship does the right renal artery have to the IVC? A. RRA passes anterior to IVC B. RRA passes posterior to IVC C. superior to IVC D. transverse to IVC

B. posterior to IVC

What must be present in order for flow to occur? A. stenosis B. pressure gradient C. KE D. PE

B. pressure gradient

important symptom to indicate abnormal vasospasm of digital arteries when exposed to cold is: A. finger swell B. prolonged pallor in digits C. hand coolness D. rubor

B. prolonged pallor in digits

what type of aneurysm is most likely result of trauma? A. saccular B. pseudo aneurysm C. fusiform D. berry

B. pseudo

which of the following cannot be measured using a test object? A. lateral resolution B. resolution of cystic structure C. axial resolution D. sensitivity of the system

B. resolution of a cystic structure

what is a bruit? A. loss of reflected wave in PPG B. return to baseline amplitude 5 min or less C. a low amp with reflected wave present D. tardus parvus

B. return to baseline amp 5 min or less

which is type of dialysis graft? A. curled synthetic B. straight PTFE C. cimino-ameil D. bresecia swirled synthetic

B. straight PTFE

which of the following is a true statement? A. vasodilatation causes high resistant waveform B. vasodilatation results from inflammation C. vasodilatation causes flow reversal to increase D. vasodilatation causes little forward flow in diastole

B. vasodilatation results from inflammation

patient has symptoms of vertigo, bilateral visual disturbances, and ataxia. You should expect: A. transient ischemic attack B. vertebrobasilar insufficiency C. reversal ischemic neuro deficit D. cerebrovascular accident

B. vertibrobasilar insufficiency

advantage of four cuff method VS 3 for segmental pressures is: A. can isolate disease in the profunda FA B. can differentiate aortic disease from disease in CIA C. can differentiate aorto-iliac disease from femoral artery disease D. can differ femoral artery disease from profound disease

C

What is the size of the cuff used to obtain penile pressures? A. 3 x 14 cm B. 1.5 x 9 cm C. 2.5 x 9 cm D. 5 x 12 cm

C. 2.5 x 9 cm

a 75% diameter reduction is equivalent to which circumferential area reduction? A. 50% B. 90% C. 94% D. 99%

C. 94%

The first branch off the abdominal ao: A. CIA B. SMA C. celiac axis D. renal artery

C. celiac axis

what portion of the AO passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragms to become the abdominal ao? A. ascending ao B. aortic arch C. descending ao D. proximal ao

C. descending

in the nascet criteria, the measurement of the ICA diameter for the denominator is obtained at: A. outer walls of area of stenosis B. prox to the bulb region C. distal to the bulb region D. prox to area of stenosis

C. distal to the bulb region

which is an abnormal finding when performing duplex exam of abdominal vessels? A. venous signals are spontaneous B. hepatofugal flow in hepatic veins C. high resistance in renal arteries D. low resistance in celiac axis

C. high resistance in renal arteries

which of the following is not caused by valvular incompetence? A. cellulitis B. stasis dermatitis C. leg swelling D. ulceration

a cellulitis

hydrostatic pressure in a supine patient is approx: A. 15 mmHg B. 52 C. 75 D. 102

a. 15 mmHg

laminar flow describes flow in: A. rigid tube B. curved tube C. both a rigid and curved tube D. neither

a. a rigid tube

what risk factor for arterial disease cannot be controlled? A. age B. hypertension C. hyperlipidemia D. diabetes

a. age

in the intracranial circulation, what is the most important collateral pathway with an occluded ICA? A.anterior communicating a B. vertebral a C. post cerebral a D. basilar a

a. ant communicating artery

which of the following is the least likely cause of edema in the lower ext? A. arterial occlusion B. venous insufficiency C. cellulitis D. deep venous thrombosis

a. arterial occlusion

the radial and ulnar veins unite to form: A. brachial B. deep palmar C. axillary D. innominate

a. brachial

which is the most common treatment for ischemic rest pain in the foot? A. bypass graft B. increased exercise C. lifestyle change D. aspirin

a. bypass graft

vasoconstriction and dilatation typically occur in which vessels? A. capillaries B. venules C. collaterals D. large arteries

a. capillaries

which of the following causes the biggest change in blood velocity in a vessel? A. change in radius of the vessel B. change in viscosity of the blood C. change in direction of flow of the blood D. change in the length of the vessel

a. change in the radius of the vessel

which of the following is an abnormal spectral doppler? A. filling in of spectral window B. high resistant ECA signal C. PSV less than 125 cm/s D. low resistant signal form the vertebral a

a. filling in of spectral window

periorbital circulation consists of what vessels? A. frontal, nasal, and supraorbital B. nasal, frontal, temporal C. frontal, supraorbital, temporal D. lacrimal, frontal, and nasal

a. frontal nasal supraorbital

which artery in the lower ext functions as an important collateral pathway in the presence of a superficial femoral or pop artery occlusion? A. genicular B. peroneal C. plantar D. post tibial

a. genicular artery

Where is the highest vascular pressure found in the body? A. Heart B.AO C. IVC D. capilaries

a. heart

which of the following is not a symptom of acute DVT? A. hyperpigmentation B. swelling C. erythema (superficial reddening of skin) D. increased temp

a. hyperpig

pulse volume recording can assess: A. increase in limb volume during systole B. increase in limb volume during diastole C. decrease in limb volume during systole D. PVR doesn't register volume change

a. increase limb volume during systole

as intraluminal pressure increases, what happens to transmural pressure? A. it increases and the shape of the vein becomes more circular B. it increases and the shape of the vein becomes flat C. it decreases and the shape of the vein becomes flat D. it decreases ad the shape of the vein becomes more circular

a. it increases and the shape becomes more circular

units of systolic pressure? A. mmHg B. kHz C.MHz D. cm/s

a. mmHg

what happens to the doppler waveform in the celiac axis once a pt has eaten? A. remains the same B. increase in systolic velocity C. decrease in systolic velocity D. decrease in both systolic and diastolic velocity

a. remains the same

a severe neurological deficit that doesn't reverse itself is classified as: A. stroke B. stenosis C. transient ischemic attack D. ischemic neurological defect

a. stroke

most severe sequelae of arterial disease is: A. tissue loss B. ischemic rest pain C. arteritis D. claudication

a. tissue loss

the non-invasive test was negative and this result was supported by the gold standard. this is called: A. true negative B. false negative C. true positive D. false positive

a. true negative

what does the number 2000 represent in the formula for Reynolds number? A. turbulent flow B. forward flow C. retrograde flow D. monophonic flow

a. turbulent flow

the amount of fluid moving past a point at a specific time is known as: A. volumetric flow rate B. fluid viscosity C. velocity D. pressure

a. volumetric flow rate

venous stasis is not caused by: A. extrinsic compression B. hormones C. surgery D. hypotension`

b hormones

a critical stenosis is determined by a diameter reduction of 50%. In a circumferential stenosis this corresponds to a ____ area reduction A. 100% B. 75% C. 60% D. 25%

b. 75%

doppler waveforms o intracranial vessels are similar to: A. subclavian A B. ICA C. ECA D. brachial a

b. ICA

power is expressed in units termed watts. what are units for intensity? A. decibels B. W/cm3 C. m/s D. joules

b. W/cm3

what vessels form the pop vein? A. ant and post tibial arteries B. ant tibial vein and tibioperoeal trunk C. lesser saph and ant tibial veins D. lesser and greater saph veins

b. ant tibialvien and tibioperoneal trunk

during systole, non rigid arterial walls will expand. What is this an example of? A. capacitance B. compliance C. continuity D. compression

b. compliance

static pressure transformed to dynamic pressure is stated in: A. Bernoulli principle B. conservation of energy law C. poiseuille's law D. Reynolds number

b. conservation of energy law

if resistance increases, what happens to flow? A. no change B. decreases C. decreases by half D. increases

b. decreases

what is the relationship between power and the cross-sectional area of the sound beam? A. not related B. directly proportional C. inversely proportional D. power = intensity/area

b. directly proportional

a long tear of the arterial wall is known as: A. a berry aneurysm B. a dissection C. a fusiform aneurysm D. a pseudoaneurysm

b. dissection

Virchows triad includes trauma/endothelial change, venous stasis, and _____. A. hyperactivity B. hypercoaguability C. hypothyroidism D. hypertension

b. hypercoag

if pressure gradient increases what happens to flow? A. no change B. increases C. increases by factor of 4 D. decreases

b. increases

if the viscosity of blood increases, what happens to resistance? A. no change B. increases C. increases by factor of 4 D. decreases

b. increases

upon inspiration, what occurs the upper extremity veins? A. intrathoracic pressure is increased causing a decrease in flow B. intrathoracic pressure is decreased causing an increase in flow C.intrathoracic pressure is increased causing an increase in flow D. intrathoracic pressure is decreased causing a decrease in flow

b. intrathoracic pressure is decreased causing an increase in flow

what layer of art wall is the thickest and has CT and smooth muscle to give it strength? A. intima B. media C. adventitia D. capillary

b. media

while doing segmental pressures on lower ext, there is a pressure gradient between two cuffs of 15 mmHg. What does this indicate? A. cuff artifact B. normal C. stenosis in art segment prox to lowest cuff D. total occlusion of art segment

b. normal

a cuff used for pressure measurements that is too narrow will result in: A. normal pressure B. overestimation of pressure C. underestimation of pressure D. no pressure recording

b. overestimation

which of the following most influence hydrostatic pressure? A. systolic blood pressure B. persons height C. diastolic blood pressure D. diameter of artery or vein

b. persons height

which of the following is not considered a component of the calf muscle pump? A. venous valves B. phasic blood flow C. deep and superficial veins of the lower extremity D. contracting leg muscles

b. phasic flow

the soleal sinuses drain into which vein? A. gastrocnemius B. posterior tibial C. greater saph D. popliteal

b. post tib

In poiseuilles equation, which of the following factors can have a minimal change in value but results in a large change in flow? A. length of vessel B. radius of vessel C. viscosity D. resistance

b. radius of vessel

a congenital predisposition to DVT: A. family hx of atherosclerosis B. thrombophilia (hypercoaguability) C. diabetes D. hypertension

b. thrombophilia

normal direction of flow in ipsilateral MCA flow to the transducer using transtemporal window is: A. away from trans B. towards transducer C. not vis with temporal window approach D. dependent on direction of vertebral art

b. toward trans

a contrast agent is introduced into the venous system in the lower leg by an injection into the foot. this is called: A. arteriogram B. venogram C. tomogram D. sonogram

b. venogram

the first and largest branch of each subclavian artery is the: A. CCA B. vertebral C. axillary D. ECA

b. vertebral

venous valves: A. are more numerous above the level of the knee B. will decrease venous pressure if competent C. help maintain retrograde flow D. are not located in perforator veins

b. will decrease venous pressure if competent

the recommended width of a cuff used for segmental pressure measurements is ___% wider than the diameter of the limb segment: A. 10% B. 50% C. 20% D. 70%

c. 20%

which vessel would have the highest resistance profile? A. IVC B. internal carotid artery C. common femoral artery D. postprandial SMA

c. CFA

a recording device that converts sonographic images to digital format to network review and storage is: A. strip chart recorder B. FFT C. PACS D. VHS

c. PACS

the primary concern involving patients with acute DVT is: A. venous valve damage B. lack of blood flow to limb C. pulmonary embolism D. rupture of soleal sinuses

c. PE

RI is calculated using what spectral doppler measurements? A. peak systolic velocity and mean velocity B. brachial pressure and systolic velocity C. PSV and EDV D. end diastolic velocity and mean velocity

c. PSV and EDV

in a stenotic vessel, where is the KE the greatest? A. prestenotic B. poststenotic C. at level of stenosis D. at level of turbulence

c. at level of stenosis

which of the following is not an upper extremity deep vein? A. innominate B. subclavian C. basilic D. ulnar

c. basilic

Which of the following is not a branch off the aortic arch? A. innomiate B. left subclavian C. celiac axis D. brachiocephalic

c. celiac axis

primary venous insufficiency is due to which of the following? A. chronic venous obstruction B. reduced arterial inflow C. congenital absence of defects of valves D. absence of perforating veins

c. congenital absence of defects of valves

what happens to pressure at the level of hemodynamically significant stenosis? A. no change B. increases C. decreases D. no relation between pressure and hero significant stenosis

c. decreases

art pressure measurements rely on ability to compress and occlude vessel. incompressible artery is most common in which patients? A. cancer B. stroke C. diabetes D. multiple sclerosis

c. diabetes

where is the carotid siphon located? A. at carotid bif B. at prox portion where the carotid first OGs C. distally in the cranium D. at level where ECA enters the face

c. distally in the cranium

acute art occlusion is marked by: A. pulselessness B. paralysis C. erythema (superficial reddening of skin) D. pain

c. erythema

an overgrowth of collagen within the media layer of an artery causing multiple stenoses is defined as: A. carotid body tumor B. neointimal hyperplasia C. fibromuscular dysplasia D. medial calcinosis

c. fibromuscular dysplasia

turbulent flow is seen in what area of stenotic vessel? A. proximal to stenotic lesion B. at site of stenotic lesion C. just distal to site of stenotic lesion D. in laminar jet stream

c. just distal to stenosis

a limitation of both duplex and transcranial doppler imaging is: A. can't see intracranial disease B. plaque can't be seen C. may over/underestimate the severity of disease D. collateral flow can't be seen

c. may over/underestimate

Which of the following is not a branch to the external carotid artery? A. facial B. maxillary C. opthalmic D. occipital

c. opthalmic

A pt with symptoms of claudication would most likely present with: A. pain in toes when sleeping B. decrease pain with prolonged exercise C. pain in calf when walking two blocks and subsides with rest D. red hot painful leg

c. pain in calf when walking subsides with rest

during art mapping of radial artery, which shouldn't u do? A. determine if calcified wall B. measure PSV prox and dist C. perform reactive hyperemia on arm D. measure diameter of the vessel

c. performing reactive hyperemia on arm

what is described as force per unit area? A. work B. power C. pressure D. watt

c. pressure

which of the following is not a characteristic of venous doppler flow profile? A. phasicity B. continuous C. pulsatile D. respiration

c. pulsatile

a normal subclavian vein doppler signal should exhibit which of the following patterns? A. spontaneous, phasic, pulsatile B. spont, non phasic, nonpulsatile C. spont, phasic, nonpulsatile D. continuous, non-phasic, nonpulsatile

c. spontaneous, phasic, non-pulsatile

a pulsatile mass in the neck could indicate: A. carotid embolism B. basilar aneurysm C. tortuous CCA D. subclavian steal syndrome

c. tortuous CCA

which of the following veins would have the most valves? A. IVC B. CFV C. post tibial veins D. common iliac veins

c.post tibial veins

which of the following becomes an extracranial to intracranial collateral route in the presence of a significant ICA disease? A. circle of willis B. basilar artery to the two post cerebral arteries C. bilat ant communicating arteries D. supraorbital and ophthalmic arteries via ECA branches

d.

a brachial systolic pressure difference of ___ from one arm to the other indicated occlusion /stenosis on the side o the lower pressure A. > 50 mmHg B. > 40 C. > 30 D. > 20

d. >20

which of the following vessels has the lowest resistance? A. capillaries B. iliac veins C. venules D. IVC

d. IVC

the movement and direction of blood flow is known as: A.work B. pressure C.PE D. KE

d. KE

the pressure at a stenosis is less than the pressure proximal and distal to the stenotic area. this is defined as: A. Reynolds number B. poiseuilles equation C. conservation of energy law D. Bernoulli principle

d. bernoulli principle

which is not related to atherosclerosis? A. cerebral aneurysm B. atheroma emboli C. subclavian steal D. carotid dissection

d. carotid dissection

the radial artery terminates at the: A. digital artery B. superficial palmar arch C. brachial artery D. deep palmar arch

d. deep palmar arch

which imaging system is calibrated using a tissue equivalent phantom? A. plethysmography B. strip chart C. CW doppler D. duplex

d. duplex

which of the following best describes the effects of exercise on blood flow in a non-diseased vessel? A. exercise increases resistance B. exercise decreases capacitance of vessel C. exercise decreases blood flow D. exercise causes arteriole vasodilation

d. exercise causes vasodilation

the resistance of movement of one layer of blood against another layer or the vessel walls is known as: A. viscosity B. inertia C. velocity D. friction

d. friction

at what anatomic level does the axillary artery become the brachial artery? A. elbow B. wrist C. sternum D. head of humerus

d. head of humerus

if resistance increases, what happens to pressure? A. no change B. decreases C. decreases by half D. increases

d. increases

which of the following is rapid growth of the intima following a carotid endarterectomy? A. fibromuscular dysplasia B. takayasus arteritis C. atherosclerosis obliterans D.neointimal hyperplasia

d. neointimal hyperplasia

all of the following are methods to measure pressure EXCEPT: A. photoplethysmography B. ausculatory C. continuous wave doppler with flow meter D. palpatory

d. palpatory

non-invasive testing technique that measures volume changes in the limb is referred to as: A. photoplethysmography B. segmental pressure C.PPG reflux D.plethysmography

d. plethysmography

where does acute DVT usually originate? A. only in femoral vein B. in superficial venous system C. in post tibial veins D. soleal sinus of calf

d. soleal sinus of calf

a complication described as erythema, mild scaling, and brown discoloration of the skin is known as: A. lymphedema B. cellulitis C. stasis ulceration D. stasis dermatitis

d. stasis dermatitis

Total energy = ? A. sum of PE + hydrostatic pressure + KE B. average of PE + hydrostatic pressure + KE C. ratio of PE to KE D. sum of PE + KE

d. sum of PE + KE

patients at risk for developing DVT have: A. atherosclerosis B. recent weight loss C. hip surgery 9 mos ago D. metastatic disease

d.mets