Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Dehydration

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diarrhea

.. comes from the Greek, "Diarrhoia", meaning to flow through

malrotation

.. is : Incomplete rotation of the intestine during fetal development, which can be asymptomatic into adulthood, or become symptomatic with a volvulus-- which is more common in this configuration

barium enema

.. is a more invasive/x-ray heavy procedure that can also be used to successfuly diagnose malrotation in a child with 90% sensitivity

diarrhea

.. is an increase in frequency, fluidity or volume of bowel movements

RotaTeq

.. is an oral rotavirus vaccine approved in 2006 that is given at 2, 4, and 6 months

Rotarix

.. is an oral rotavirus vaccine approved in 2008 that is given at 2 and 4 months of age

malrotation

... occurs in 1 in 6000 newborn and usually presents in in neonatal period with bilious emesis

tubular

a .. mass may be present on palpation of RUQ in a case of intussusception but not always

stool culture

a ... is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bacterial acute gastroenteritis to look for ova and parasitis

urinalysis

a ... should be part of the workup for any child with acute appendicitis

infancy and childhood

intussusception is common in the ... periods

abdominal ultrasound

.. is the imaging test used to diagnose pyloric stenosis

Cholestyramine

... (Questran) is a medication that can be given in the tx of acute gastroenteritis to help to bind the stools to decrease diarrhea. Rx: Questran 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until formed stools

Rotavirus

... alone has an estimated direct medical cost of $250 million/year and an estimated $1 billion/year in total costs to society.

irritability, feeding aversion, and back arching

... are 3 symptoms that parents may describe of their infant/neonate's behavior with GERD

antacids

... are not recommended for the tx of GERD in infants and neonates

barium or air enema

... are the 2 imaging studies that you can order to diagnose intussusception, adn they are thereapeutic

ultrasound or abdominal CT

... are the 2 main imaging modalities used in your work up for acute appendicitis

anorexia, periumbilical pain migrating to the RLQ, non-bilious vomiting preceded by pain

... are the 3 main parts of the classical presentation of appendicitis that is seen in adolescents and older (13+)

abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and hematochezia

... are the 3 main symptoms that distinugish case of intussusception

RLQ tenderness, guarding, rebound tenderness, and fever

... are the 4 physicial exam findings seen in classic presentation of acute appendicitis

chest/epigastric pain, dysphagia, heartburn, food impaction, vomiting and cough

... are the 6 main symptoms associated in kids with weekly GERD symptoms

thickened feedings and positioning changes

... are two ways to help younger children with GERD cope with symptoms

volvulus

... can cause a small bowel obstruction as well as small bowel ischemia-- because messenteric artery feeding that section of bowel is caught up in that twist tissue, which is very painful and higher risk for short bowel syndrome

asymptomatic

... children should be isolated from kids with rotavirus if possible

solid

... foods can be reinitiated into a child's diet after rehydration tx for rotavirus has been completed

rotavirus

... has a 48 hour incubation period, followed by 1. vomiting, 2. mild fever, 3. then voluminous, watery diarrhea

pediatric appendicitis score

... is a an algorithim to use in cases where not sure if a child has appendicitis or not, and awards points based on the following symptoms: Anorexia: 1 point Nausea or vomiting: 1 point Migration of pain: 1 point Fever > 38º C (100.5º F): 1 point Tenderness with cough, percussion, or hopping: 2 points Right-lower-quadrant tenderness: 2 points WBC count > 10,000 cells/mm3: 1 point PMNs plus band forms > 7500 cells/mm3: 1 point

hungry vomiter

... is a good descriptor of children with pyloric stenosis

malrotation with volvulus

... is a life-threatening surgical emergency Presents as an acute small bowel obstruction, with bilious vomiting in a child

short bowel syndrome

... is a potential lifelong complication of malrotation with volvulus which is characterized by a decrease in absoprtive surface area in the bowel that can lead to nutritional deficiencies

pyloric stenosis

... is a progressive problem and the obstruction gets worse over time, which is why you see it go from a little vomiting, to projectile vomiting with every feed

gastroenteritis

... is defined as 1. diarrheal disease of rapid onset, 2. with or without accompanying symptoms and signs such as: a. nausea, b. vomiting, c. fever d. abdominal pain.

ultrasound

... is one form of imagining that can use to diagnoses malrotation in a child

pyloromyotomy, surgical

... is the ... procedure needed to correct pyloric stenosis (today usually done with an endoscope

rehydration

... is the mainstay of rotavirus tx

acute appendicitis

... is the most common cause of acute abdomen pain in children

rotavirus

... is the most common viral agent associated with severe diarrhea in infants and children

GERD

... is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus due to transient relaxation of the LES (lower esophageal sphincter) in infants and neonates (is due to lack of mature muscles here)

intussusception

... is the prolapse or telescoping of one portion of the bowel into an adjacent segment of bowel-- usually the terminal ileum

regurgitation

... is the return of small amounts of food or secretions to the hypopharynx, without abdominal and diaphragmatic muscular activity

retching

... is the same mechanism as vomiting but glottis remains closed (aka dry heaves)

Niseen fundoplication

... is the surgcial tx for GERD that occurs in children and adolescents when medication tx fail

surgery

... is the tx for complicated cases of intussusception

barium or air enema

... is the tx for uncomplicated of intussusception

volvulus

... is the wrapping around of bowel on itself, which occurs in malrotation most commonly

bicarb

... loss in the voluminous stools associated with rotavirus can cause metabolic acidosis

intussusception

... occurs in 1-4: 1000 live births in kids most commonly around 3-12 months of age (but can present in later childhood too)

pyloric stenosis

... occurs in 3:1000 live births, and presetns most commonly in neonates and young infants

emesis

... rarely occurs without nausea

breast feeding

... should be continued throughout the tx for rotavirus

rotavirus

... the cause of some viral gastroenteritis survives hours on the hands and on days on environmental fomites and is different from other viral agents cause similar disease, due to its seasonality

bilious

... vomiting may have a green to orange color to it

malrotation with volvulus

.... has risk of significant bowel necrosis that can result from compression of superior mesenteric artery as well as a high risk of short bowel syndrome

emesis

.... is a forceful expulsion of stomach contents through an open glottis (aka vomiting)

nausea

.... is a sensation of impending emesis

intussusception

.... usually presents as abominal pain, bilious vomiting, hematochezia (currant jelly stools)

Phenergan suppositories

.... work for tx vomiting in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.

asymptomatic

25-50% of adolescents with malrotation are ....!

pyuria

7-25% of kids with acute appendicitis will have ... on the urine dip /UA so is not useful for a rule out of apendicitis

idiopathic

90% of cases of intussusception are due to ... causes

intussusception

A 4-year-old boy without significant past medical history developed emesis and intermittent abdominal pain yesterday. He seemed fine between episodes of pain. Today, he presents with persistent bilious emesis, abdominal pain and hematochezia. He is lethargic, in mild distress, tachycardic, and febrile. A tubular mass is palpable in the right upper quadrant. sounds like textbook: ...

guiardia

A 4-year-old male presents with one week of watery diarrhea followed by worsening malodorous, "sulfur-smelling" diarrhea. Several kids at his day care were sent home last week with the "stomach flu." sounds like classic case of ...

malrotation, volvulus

A 6-year-old male is brought to the ED CC: abdominal pain and vomiting. Has vomited 15 times in the past 24 hours. Per mother: vomit has become greenish-orange. Mother giving him small amounts of juice at a time, but this is not succeeding. He feels weak and he looks pale. Urine output is diminished. No fever, diarrhea, dysuria or coughing. PMH is significant for two previous episodes of severe abdominal pain associated with about 3 episodes of vomiting which resolved on its own. The first episode occurred at age 3 and the second episode occurred at age 5. this sounds like a potential case of ... (w/ or w/o a ....)

rotavirus

A 7-month-old female presents with 2 days of multiple episodes of vomiting followed by diarrhea starting yesterday, and "warmth to the touch." Her vomiting has resolved. Mother describes her stools as "watery" and has not noticed blood. She seems to be taking more formula today. sounds like potential case of ....

bacterial gastroenteritis

An 8-year-old female presents with 1 day of emesis and watery, blood-streaked diarrhea. She was at a school-picnic two days ago and some of her classmates have developed similar symptoms sounds like a case of ...

obesity

GERD is associated with ,,, in older children and adolescents

diarrheal

In developing countries, .... illnesses account for an estimated 4-5 million deaths per year in children under 5 years

gastroenteritis

In the US, acute ... accounts for >1.5 million outpatient visits, 200,000 hospitalizations, and 300 deaths each year. 10 % of hospital admissions under age 5.

vomiting

Phenergan suppositories work for tx ... in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.

gastroenteritis

Phenergan suppositories: They work for tx vomiting in acute ..., but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.

respiratory depression and toxicity

Phenergan suppositories: They work for tx vomiting in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for ... when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.

2

Phenergan suppositories: They work for tx vomiting in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age..

nausea and vomiting

The approach to acute .... is based on three key questions: 1. Whether immediate therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting regardless of the underlying cause 2. Whether empiric treatment and reassurance are sufficient 3. Whether expeditious work-up is required to establish the cause

expeditious, cause

The approach to acute nausea and vomiting is based on three key questions: 1. Whether immediate therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting regardless of the underlying cause 2. Whether empiric treatment and reassurance are sufficient 3. Whether ... work-up is required to establish the ...

empiric, reassurance

The approach to acute nausea and vomiting is based on three key questions: 1. Whether immediate therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting regardless of the underlying cause 2. Whether... treatment and ... are sufficient 3. Whether expeditious work-up is required to establish the cause

immediate, regardless

The approach to acute nausea and vomiting is based on three key questions: 1. Whether.... therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting ... of the underlying cause 2. Whether empiric treatment and reassurance are sufficient 3. Whether expeditious work-up is required to establish the cause

UA

a .. is a cheep and useful lab to run in a person with bacterial gastroeneteritis, can help to assess hydration status

CRP

a .... lab may be helpful in the workup for appendicitis-- but is not used currently in standard acute appendicitis work up

WBC

a CBC with diff in patient iwth acute bacterial gastroenteritis may show an increased ... smear with ova/parasites as well

1-2

a pediatric appendicitis score of ... means that this patient probably doesn't have appendicitis and can be discharged home with great return to clinic instructions

obese

acute appendicitis may be difficult to tease out in ... so ask them to jump off the table and see if that causes them to experience pain (if so, more likely to be appendicitis) (or ask about car ride over, each jossle caused pain in most appendicitis cases)

bacterial

afebrile bloody stools are usually associate diwth ... acute gastroenteritis, and should consider non-infectious source

viral

afebrile, non-bloody stools are usually associated with ... acute gastroenteritis

left

an elevated WBC count in patient with appendicitis will usually have a .. shift, but this is not specfici

omeprazole

another medical tx option for GERD is ... a PPI

GERD

antiacids are not recommended for the tx of ... in infants and neonate

HCl

back in the day infants wiht pyloric stenosis would present with hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, due to trhowing up so much .. but this is rarely seen

organism

bacterial acute gastroenteritis has a variable presentation due to the causative ... (which varies from person to person)

5-10%

beyond infancy only ... of children have weekly GERD symptoms

proximal duodenum

bilious vomiting occurs due to obstruction anywhere past the ... but not before this anatomical location

1-2

children with a low PAS score of ..., they can be managed without imagining and followed with good RTC instructions outpatient

projectile

children with pyloric stenosis have a hx of non-bilious vomiting starting around 2-4 weeks of age that then progresses to ... vomiting (ie could go across the exam room)

2-4 weeks

children with pyloric stenosis usually present with vomiting (non-bilious) that started around ... of age

bacterial

febrile, bloody stools are usually associated with ... acute gastroenteritis

viral

febrile, non-bloody stools are usually .. acute gastroenteritis

hydrated

for most cases of gastroenteritis the tx is supportive and making sure the child stays well-... and just let them vomit and poop away :)

hygeine

good ... is the best way to prevent rotavirus spread

15

if a child on a mostly fluid diet has had liquidy stools, ... times a day, it is not normal anymore, is diarrhea

WBC

in a CBC with diff a patient with appendicitis will have an elevated ... count, 96% of patients, is NOT specific

7, pediatric surgeon

in a child with a Pediatric Appendix score of ... or greater, you should consult a ... BEFORE obtaining imaging

7, before

in a child with a Pediatric Appendix score of ... or greater, you should consult a pediatric surgeon ... obtaining imagining

obstruction

in intussusception this telescoping leads to tissue compression and swelling which can lead to ....

malrotation

infants with ... may also present with present with failure to thrive, signs of intermittent obstruction, as well as bilious vomiting

feed

infants with pyloric stenosis will also ... after emesis, because that pressure has been relieved with the emesis, and are hungry

liquid

loose wet stools in young infants/children on a mostly ... diet are normal

bacterial

most ... cases of acute gastroenteritis are associated with 1. Bloody stools (50%), 2. stools usually with more frequent, and are small-volume bowel movements, 3. vomiting less common

smaller

one management to help with neonatal/infancy GERD is limiting regurgitation by having ... feedings at frequent intervals

ranitidine

one medical tx option for GERD is ... which is a H2-receptor blocker

GERD

other management issues to help with ... in children include 1. weight reduction 2. dietary modification

diarrhea

other non-infectious causes of ... include: Intolerances (formula, lactose, carbohydrate, protein) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Medication use (e.g. antibiotics) Laxative abuse Toxic ingestion

positioning

parents can also try different ... during feedings (as well as smaller feedings at frequent intervals) to help infants and neonates with GERD

fluids, electrolyte

part of the tx for pyloric stenosis is correction of ... or ... imbalances (ie with IV fluids)

3-6

patients in an intermediate zone as to whether they have appendicitis or not score a ... on the pediatric appendicitis score test, so need to do further work-up/ imaging to determine if this is acute appendicitis or not

7

patients with appendicitis had a mean score of .. or more on the Pediatric Appendicitis Score test

preschool

people aged ... and older will have the classic physical exam findings of acute appendicitis with 1. RLQ tenderness 2. guarding 3. rebound tenderness 4. fever

first

pyloric stenosis is more common (30%) in ... born children

neonates, young infants

pyloric stenosis occurs most commonly in ... and ...

gastroenterologist

referral to a ... to monitor esophageal p to correlate with symptom diary is gold standard for diagnosis in children with GERD

villi

rotavirus affects the ... of the small intestine--> lots of watery diarrhea

clinically

rotavirus diagnosis is made .... (no special lab tests)

winter, Nov-May

rotavirus has its peak incidence in the ... months from ....

fecal-oral

rotavirus is spread via the ... route

anatomical

some common ... causes of (non-bilious/bilious) vomiting include: GI obstruction Malrotation w/volvulus Pyloric stenosis Esophageal atresia Duodenal atresia Annular pancreas

CNS

some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: 1. Motion sickness 2. Migraine 3. Epilepsy 4. Intracranial pressure a. Hydrocephalus b. Tumor c. Pseudotumor cerebri d. Edema

motility

some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: Achalasia GERD Appendicitis

psychogenic

some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: Bulimia Rumination Stress

endocrine

some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: DM Thyrotoxicosis Adrenal insufficiency DKA

infectious

some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: Gastroenteritis Meningitis UTI Otitis Pharyngitis Pneumonia Hepatitis Appendicitis

neonates

some common causes of vomiting in .... include: GERD Pyloric stenosis Necrotizing enterocolitis Malrotation w/ volvulus Hirschsprung's Atresias, stenoses Metabolic disorders Feeding intolerance

gastroenteritis

some of the management for acute ... include 1. Rehydration, 2. refeeding, 3. +/- antidiarrheal agents (but not in young children)

GERD

some symptoms of .. that can be seen in neonates and infants include: 1. irritability, 2. feeding aversion, 3. back arching

prognosis

the .. of kids with intussusception is correlated between onset/duration of symptoms before reduction

classic

the ... findings on a PE for someone with acute appendicitis are 1. RLQ tenderness 2. guarding 3. rebound tenderness 4. fever

classic

the ... presentation of appendicitis occurs in adolescents over age 13 and is 1. anorexia 2. periumbilical pain migrating to the RLQ 3. non-bilious vomiting preceded by pain

antiemetics and antidiarrheal

the AAP recommends against the use of ... drugs in the tx of acute gastroenteritis

banana, rice, applesauce, toast

the BRAT diet (....) as part of tx for rotavirus has been debunked, and is not more effective than normal diet in tx (but gives parents something to strive for and make sure their children are eating)

pyloric stenosis

the classic presentation of ... is 1. undernourished infant 2. hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis 3. hx of vomiting starting at 2-4 weeks of age (non-bilious) which progressed to projectile vomiting 4. immediate post-prandial vomiting, with feeds after emesis as well

adolescents, 13

the classic presentation of acute appendicitis occurs in .... over age ... and is characterized by 1. anorexia 2. periumbilical pain migrating to the RLQ 3. non-bilious vomiting preceded by pain

clinically

the diagnosis for GERD is usually made ...

children

the following are common weekly symptoms seen in ... presenting with GERD: 1. chest pain 2. epigastric pain 3. dysphagia 4. heartburn 5. food impaction 6. vomiting 7. cough

GERD

the following are common weekly symptoms seen in children presenting with ...: 1. chest pain 2. epigastric pain 3. dysphagia 4. heartburn 5. food impaction 6. vomiting 7. cough

WBC, UA, serum pregnancy test in menarchal females

the following are the 3 most important basic labs to order in your work up for acute appendicitis

vomiting, mild fever, then voluminous watery diarrhea

the following are the progression of rotavirus symptoms after the 48 hour incubation period 1. ... 2... 3...

GERD

the gold standard for diagnosing .. which is not used much any more is monitoring of esophageal pH at gastroenterologist's (now a days mostly just a clinical diagnosis)

pyloric stenosis

the hungry vomiter is a good descriptor of children with ....

bacterial

the hx and exam in work up for ... acute gastroenteritis should focus on if patient is 1. seriously ill 2. has poor hydration status

gastroenteritis

the infectious causes of acute ... include 1. viruses 2. bacteria 3. parasites

3-12 months

the most common age range of kids with intussusception is ...

infectious

the most common cause of diarrhea is ....

bacterial

the most common pathogens causing ... acute gastroenteritis are : Salmonella Aeromonas Plesimonas Yersinia enterocolitica C difficile Listeria E Coli, E Coli 0157:H7 Shigella

dehydrated

the most important thing in tx of rotavirus is assessing the level of ... the patient is experiencing

3-15 months

the peak age incidence for rotavirus are infants aged ...

neonate

the physical exam findings for a ... aged birth-30 days with acute appendicitis are 1. abdominal distention 2. hypothermia (maybe) 3. hypotension (maybe) 4. respiratory distress (maybe)

birth-30 days

the physical exam findings for a neonate aged .... old, with acute appendicitis are 1. abdominal distention 2. hypothermia (maybe) 3. hypotension (maybe) 4. respiratory distress (maybe)

acute appendicitis

the physical exam findings for a neonate aged birth-30 days with .... are 1. abdominal distention 2. hypothermia (maybe) 3. hypotension (maybe) 4. respiratory distress (maybe)

abdominal distention, hypothermia, hypotension, respiratory distress

the physical exam findings for a neonate aged birth-30 days with acute appendicitis are 1. ... 2. ... (maybe) 3. ... (maybe) 4. ... (maybe)

infant

the physical exam findings for an ... aged 30 days- 2 years with acute appendicitis are are 1. fever 2. diffuse abdominal tenderness (due to rupture)

30 days- 2 years

the physical exam findings for an infant age .... old with acute appendictis are 1. fever 2. diffuse abdominal tenderness (due to rupture)

acute appendictis

the physical exam findings for an infant aged 30 days- 2 years with ... are 1. fever 2. diffuse abdominal tenderness (due to rupture)

fever, diffuse abdominal tenderness

the physical exam findings for an infant aged 30 days- 2 years with acute appendictis are 1. fever 2. ... (due to rupture)

acute appendicitis

the presentation of ... in neonates, ages birth -30 days old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with gastroenteritis)

acute appendicitis

the presentation of ... in preschool aged children, ages 2-5 years old, is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting (is often the first symptom that precedes other sxs) 2. abdominal pain (preceded by vomiting) 3. fever present in most, but not all patients

acute appendicitis

the presentation of ... in school-age children, ages 6-12 years old, is characterized by 1. Abdominal pain 2. non-bilious vomiting 3. typical migration of periumbilical pain to RLQ may not occur 4. Diarrhea (can confuse the diagnosis) 5. constipation (can confuse the diagnosis) 6. dysuria (can confuse the diagnosis)

acute appendicitis

the presentation of .... in infants ages 30 days- 2 years old is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting, 2.pain 3. fever 4. Diarrhea not uncommon.

preschool

the presentation of acute appendicitis in ... aged children, ages 2-5 years old, is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting (is often the first symptom that precedes other sxs) 2. abdominal pain (preceded by vomiting) 3. fever present in most, but not all patients

infants

the presentation of acute appendicitis in ... ages 30 days- 2 years old is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting, 2.pain 3. fever 4. Diarrhea not uncommon.

neonates

the presentation of acute appendicitis in ...., ages birth -30 days old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with gastroenteritis)

school-age

the presentation of acute appendicitis in ...children, ages 6-12 years old, is characterized by 1. Abdominal pain 2. non-bilious vomiting 3. typical migration of periumbilical pain to RLQ may not occur 4. Diarrhea (can confuse the diagnosis) 5. constipation (can confuse the diagnosis) 6. dysuria (can confuse the diagnosis)

30 days to 2 years

the presentation of acute appendicitis in infants ages ... old is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting, 2.pain 3. fever 4. Diarrhea not uncommon.

non-bilious vomiting, pain, fever and diarrhea

the presentation of acute appendicitis in infants ages 30 days- 2 years old is characterized by 1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... uncommon.

birth-30 days

the presentation of acute appendicitis in neonates, ages ... old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with gastroenteritis)

gastroenteritis

the presentation of acute appendicitis in neonates, ages birth -30 days old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with ...)

abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting

the presentation of acute appendicitis in neonates, ages birth -30 days old is: 1. ... 2... (easily confused with gastroenteritis)

2-5 years

the presentation of acute appendicitis in preschool aged children, ages ... old, is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting (is often the first symptom that precedes other sxs) 2. abdominal pain (preceded by vomiting) 3. fever present in most, but not all patients

non-bilious vomiting (1st sx), abdominal pain (after vomiting), fever (in most)

the presentation of acute appendicitis in preschool aged children, ages 2-5 years old, is characterized by 1. ... 2... 3...

abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting, migration of abdominal pain from periumbilical to RLQ, diarrhea, constipation, dysuria

the presentation of acute appendicitis in school-age children, ages 6-12 years old, is characterized by 1. ... 2... 3.. (may or may not be present) 4... (can confuse diagnosis 5... (can confuse diagnosis) 6... (can confuse diagnosis)

6-12 years

the presentation of acute appendicitis in school-age children, ages... old, is characterized by 1. Abdominal pain 2. non-bilious vomiting 3. typical migration of periumbilical pain to RLQ may not occur 4. Diarrhea (can confuse the diagnosis) 5. constipation (can confuse the diagnosis) 6. dysuria (can confuse the diagnosis)

postprandial

the regurgitation associated with GERD in neonates and infants is usually ... and is generally never vomiting, just regurgitation

Cholestyramine

the rx for ... is as follows ..., 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until formed stools for gastroenteritis

1/3 packet

the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, ... mixed with food TID until formed stools for gastroenteritis

food

the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with ... TID until formed stools for gastroenteritis

TID

the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with food ... until formed stools for gastroenteritis

formed stools

the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until ... for gastroenteritis

gastroenteritis

the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until formed stools for ...

antidiarrheal

the use of true ... medications for tx of acute gastroenteritis are ineffective and possibly even dangerous for smaller children. (kaopectate, loperamide, tincture of opium, diphenoxylate with atropine).

post-prandial

the vomiting associated with pyloric stenosis is ... (after feedings)

male

there is a 3:1 ... predominance in intussusception

male

there is a 4:1 .. predominance in cases of pyloric stenosis

family

there is a positive ... hx of pyloric stenosis in 13% of kids;

infancy

these are the most common causes of vomiting during ....: GERD Gastroenteritis Anatomic Intussusception Rumination Nutrient intolerances Overfeeeding Munchausen syndrome by proxy

childhood

these are the most common causes of vomiting during ....: Gastroenteritis Infection Peptic ulcer/GERD Cyclic vomiting Psychogenic Toxic ingestion Intracranial mass

adolescence

these are the most common causes of vomiting during ....: Gastroenteritis Peptic ulcer/GERD Psychogenic Intracranial mass Cyclic vomiting Bulimia Pregnancy Drugs of abuse Suicide attempt

surgery

treatment for any kind of symptomatic malrotation (with or without volvulus) is surgery

neonates and infants

vomiting in .... should always be taken seriously, and you need to take a good hx to 1. Distinguish vomiting from regurgitation 2. Bilious versus non-bilious

vomiting, regurgitation

vomiting in neonates and infants should always be taken seirously, and you need to take a good hx to 1. Distinguish ... from ... 2. Bilious versus non-bilious

bilious, non-bilious

vomiting in neonates and infants should always be taken seirously, and you need to take a good hx to 1. Distinguish vomiting from regurgitation 2. distinguish between ... vomiting versus ... vomiting

central

vomiting is a complex reflex that arises from a ... place in the brain


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