Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Dehydration
diarrhea
.. comes from the Greek, "Diarrhoia", meaning to flow through
malrotation
.. is : Incomplete rotation of the intestine during fetal development, which can be asymptomatic into adulthood, or become symptomatic with a volvulus-- which is more common in this configuration
barium enema
.. is a more invasive/x-ray heavy procedure that can also be used to successfuly diagnose malrotation in a child with 90% sensitivity
diarrhea
.. is an increase in frequency, fluidity or volume of bowel movements
RotaTeq
.. is an oral rotavirus vaccine approved in 2006 that is given at 2, 4, and 6 months
Rotarix
.. is an oral rotavirus vaccine approved in 2008 that is given at 2 and 4 months of age
malrotation
... occurs in 1 in 6000 newborn and usually presents in in neonatal period with bilious emesis
tubular
a .. mass may be present on palpation of RUQ in a case of intussusception but not always
stool culture
a ... is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bacterial acute gastroenteritis to look for ova and parasitis
urinalysis
a ... should be part of the workup for any child with acute appendicitis
infancy and childhood
intussusception is common in the ... periods
abdominal ultrasound
.. is the imaging test used to diagnose pyloric stenosis
Cholestyramine
... (Questran) is a medication that can be given in the tx of acute gastroenteritis to help to bind the stools to decrease diarrhea. Rx: Questran 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until formed stools
Rotavirus
... alone has an estimated direct medical cost of $250 million/year and an estimated $1 billion/year in total costs to society.
irritability, feeding aversion, and back arching
... are 3 symptoms that parents may describe of their infant/neonate's behavior with GERD
antacids
... are not recommended for the tx of GERD in infants and neonates
barium or air enema
... are the 2 imaging studies that you can order to diagnose intussusception, adn they are thereapeutic
ultrasound or abdominal CT
... are the 2 main imaging modalities used in your work up for acute appendicitis
anorexia, periumbilical pain migrating to the RLQ, non-bilious vomiting preceded by pain
... are the 3 main parts of the classical presentation of appendicitis that is seen in adolescents and older (13+)
abdominal pain, bilious vomiting, and hematochezia
... are the 3 main symptoms that distinugish case of intussusception
RLQ tenderness, guarding, rebound tenderness, and fever
... are the 4 physicial exam findings seen in classic presentation of acute appendicitis
chest/epigastric pain, dysphagia, heartburn, food impaction, vomiting and cough
... are the 6 main symptoms associated in kids with weekly GERD symptoms
thickened feedings and positioning changes
... are two ways to help younger children with GERD cope with symptoms
volvulus
... can cause a small bowel obstruction as well as small bowel ischemia-- because messenteric artery feeding that section of bowel is caught up in that twist tissue, which is very painful and higher risk for short bowel syndrome
asymptomatic
... children should be isolated from kids with rotavirus if possible
solid
... foods can be reinitiated into a child's diet after rehydration tx for rotavirus has been completed
rotavirus
... has a 48 hour incubation period, followed by 1. vomiting, 2. mild fever, 3. then voluminous, watery diarrhea
pediatric appendicitis score
... is a an algorithim to use in cases where not sure if a child has appendicitis or not, and awards points based on the following symptoms: Anorexia: 1 point Nausea or vomiting: 1 point Migration of pain: 1 point Fever > 38º C (100.5º F): 1 point Tenderness with cough, percussion, or hopping: 2 points Right-lower-quadrant tenderness: 2 points WBC count > 10,000 cells/mm3: 1 point PMNs plus band forms > 7500 cells/mm3: 1 point
hungry vomiter
... is a good descriptor of children with pyloric stenosis
malrotation with volvulus
... is a life-threatening surgical emergency Presents as an acute small bowel obstruction, with bilious vomiting in a child
short bowel syndrome
... is a potential lifelong complication of malrotation with volvulus which is characterized by a decrease in absoprtive surface area in the bowel that can lead to nutritional deficiencies
pyloric stenosis
... is a progressive problem and the obstruction gets worse over time, which is why you see it go from a little vomiting, to projectile vomiting with every feed
gastroenteritis
... is defined as 1. diarrheal disease of rapid onset, 2. with or without accompanying symptoms and signs such as: a. nausea, b. vomiting, c. fever d. abdominal pain.
ultrasound
... is one form of imagining that can use to diagnoses malrotation in a child
pyloromyotomy, surgical
... is the ... procedure needed to correct pyloric stenosis (today usually done with an endoscope
rehydration
... is the mainstay of rotavirus tx
acute appendicitis
... is the most common cause of acute abdomen pain in children
rotavirus
... is the most common viral agent associated with severe diarrhea in infants and children
GERD
... is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus due to transient relaxation of the LES (lower esophageal sphincter) in infants and neonates (is due to lack of mature muscles here)
intussusception
... is the prolapse or telescoping of one portion of the bowel into an adjacent segment of bowel-- usually the terminal ileum
regurgitation
... is the return of small amounts of food or secretions to the hypopharynx, without abdominal and diaphragmatic muscular activity
retching
... is the same mechanism as vomiting but glottis remains closed (aka dry heaves)
Niseen fundoplication
... is the surgcial tx for GERD that occurs in children and adolescents when medication tx fail
surgery
... is the tx for complicated cases of intussusception
barium or air enema
... is the tx for uncomplicated of intussusception
volvulus
... is the wrapping around of bowel on itself, which occurs in malrotation most commonly
bicarb
... loss in the voluminous stools associated with rotavirus can cause metabolic acidosis
intussusception
... occurs in 1-4: 1000 live births in kids most commonly around 3-12 months of age (but can present in later childhood too)
pyloric stenosis
... occurs in 3:1000 live births, and presetns most commonly in neonates and young infants
emesis
... rarely occurs without nausea
breast feeding
... should be continued throughout the tx for rotavirus
rotavirus
... the cause of some viral gastroenteritis survives hours on the hands and on days on environmental fomites and is different from other viral agents cause similar disease, due to its seasonality
bilious
... vomiting may have a green to orange color to it
malrotation with volvulus
.... has risk of significant bowel necrosis that can result from compression of superior mesenteric artery as well as a high risk of short bowel syndrome
emesis
.... is a forceful expulsion of stomach contents through an open glottis (aka vomiting)
nausea
.... is a sensation of impending emesis
intussusception
.... usually presents as abominal pain, bilious vomiting, hematochezia (currant jelly stools)
Phenergan suppositories
.... work for tx vomiting in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.
asymptomatic
25-50% of adolescents with malrotation are ....!
pyuria
7-25% of kids with acute appendicitis will have ... on the urine dip /UA so is not useful for a rule out of apendicitis
idiopathic
90% of cases of intussusception are due to ... causes
intussusception
A 4-year-old boy without significant past medical history developed emesis and intermittent abdominal pain yesterday. He seemed fine between episodes of pain. Today, he presents with persistent bilious emesis, abdominal pain and hematochezia. He is lethargic, in mild distress, tachycardic, and febrile. A tubular mass is palpable in the right upper quadrant. sounds like textbook: ...
guiardia
A 4-year-old male presents with one week of watery diarrhea followed by worsening malodorous, "sulfur-smelling" diarrhea. Several kids at his day care were sent home last week with the "stomach flu." sounds like classic case of ...
malrotation, volvulus
A 6-year-old male is brought to the ED CC: abdominal pain and vomiting. Has vomited 15 times in the past 24 hours. Per mother: vomit has become greenish-orange. Mother giving him small amounts of juice at a time, but this is not succeeding. He feels weak and he looks pale. Urine output is diminished. No fever, diarrhea, dysuria or coughing. PMH is significant for two previous episodes of severe abdominal pain associated with about 3 episodes of vomiting which resolved on its own. The first episode occurred at age 3 and the second episode occurred at age 5. this sounds like a potential case of ... (w/ or w/o a ....)
rotavirus
A 7-month-old female presents with 2 days of multiple episodes of vomiting followed by diarrhea starting yesterday, and "warmth to the touch." Her vomiting has resolved. Mother describes her stools as "watery" and has not noticed blood. She seems to be taking more formula today. sounds like potential case of ....
bacterial gastroenteritis
An 8-year-old female presents with 1 day of emesis and watery, blood-streaked diarrhea. She was at a school-picnic two days ago and some of her classmates have developed similar symptoms sounds like a case of ...
obesity
GERD is associated with ,,, in older children and adolescents
diarrheal
In developing countries, .... illnesses account for an estimated 4-5 million deaths per year in children under 5 years
gastroenteritis
In the US, acute ... accounts for >1.5 million outpatient visits, 200,000 hospitalizations, and 300 deaths each year. 10 % of hospital admissions under age 5.
vomiting
Phenergan suppositories work for tx ... in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.
gastroenteritis
Phenergan suppositories: They work for tx vomiting in acute ..., but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.
respiratory depression and toxicity
Phenergan suppositories: They work for tx vomiting in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for ... when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age 2.
2
Phenergan suppositories: They work for tx vomiting in acute gastroenteritis, but potential for respiratory depression and toxicity when used in younger kids. Contraindicated under age..
nausea and vomiting
The approach to acute .... is based on three key questions: 1. Whether immediate therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting regardless of the underlying cause 2. Whether empiric treatment and reassurance are sufficient 3. Whether expeditious work-up is required to establish the cause
expeditious, cause
The approach to acute nausea and vomiting is based on three key questions: 1. Whether immediate therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting regardless of the underlying cause 2. Whether empiric treatment and reassurance are sufficient 3. Whether ... work-up is required to establish the ...
empiric, reassurance
The approach to acute nausea and vomiting is based on three key questions: 1. Whether immediate therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting regardless of the underlying cause 2. Whether... treatment and ... are sufficient 3. Whether expeditious work-up is required to establish the cause
immediate, regardless
The approach to acute nausea and vomiting is based on three key questions: 1. Whether.... therapy is needed due to the consequences of nausea and vomiting ... of the underlying cause 2. Whether empiric treatment and reassurance are sufficient 3. Whether expeditious work-up is required to establish the cause
UA
a .. is a cheep and useful lab to run in a person with bacterial gastroeneteritis, can help to assess hydration status
CRP
a .... lab may be helpful in the workup for appendicitis-- but is not used currently in standard acute appendicitis work up
WBC
a CBC with diff in patient iwth acute bacterial gastroenteritis may show an increased ... smear with ova/parasites as well
1-2
a pediatric appendicitis score of ... means that this patient probably doesn't have appendicitis and can be discharged home with great return to clinic instructions
obese
acute appendicitis may be difficult to tease out in ... so ask them to jump off the table and see if that causes them to experience pain (if so, more likely to be appendicitis) (or ask about car ride over, each jossle caused pain in most appendicitis cases)
bacterial
afebrile bloody stools are usually associate diwth ... acute gastroenteritis, and should consider non-infectious source
viral
afebrile, non-bloody stools are usually associated with ... acute gastroenteritis
left
an elevated WBC count in patient with appendicitis will usually have a .. shift, but this is not specfici
omeprazole
another medical tx option for GERD is ... a PPI
GERD
antiacids are not recommended for the tx of ... in infants and neonate
HCl
back in the day infants wiht pyloric stenosis would present with hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, due to trhowing up so much .. but this is rarely seen
organism
bacterial acute gastroenteritis has a variable presentation due to the causative ... (which varies from person to person)
5-10%
beyond infancy only ... of children have weekly GERD symptoms
proximal duodenum
bilious vomiting occurs due to obstruction anywhere past the ... but not before this anatomical location
1-2
children with a low PAS score of ..., they can be managed without imagining and followed with good RTC instructions outpatient
projectile
children with pyloric stenosis have a hx of non-bilious vomiting starting around 2-4 weeks of age that then progresses to ... vomiting (ie could go across the exam room)
2-4 weeks
children with pyloric stenosis usually present with vomiting (non-bilious) that started around ... of age
bacterial
febrile, bloody stools are usually associated with ... acute gastroenteritis
viral
febrile, non-bloody stools are usually .. acute gastroenteritis
hydrated
for most cases of gastroenteritis the tx is supportive and making sure the child stays well-... and just let them vomit and poop away :)
hygeine
good ... is the best way to prevent rotavirus spread
15
if a child on a mostly fluid diet has had liquidy stools, ... times a day, it is not normal anymore, is diarrhea
WBC
in a CBC with diff a patient with appendicitis will have an elevated ... count, 96% of patients, is NOT specific
7, pediatric surgeon
in a child with a Pediatric Appendix score of ... or greater, you should consult a ... BEFORE obtaining imaging
7, before
in a child with a Pediatric Appendix score of ... or greater, you should consult a pediatric surgeon ... obtaining imagining
obstruction
in intussusception this telescoping leads to tissue compression and swelling which can lead to ....
malrotation
infants with ... may also present with present with failure to thrive, signs of intermittent obstruction, as well as bilious vomiting
feed
infants with pyloric stenosis will also ... after emesis, because that pressure has been relieved with the emesis, and are hungry
liquid
loose wet stools in young infants/children on a mostly ... diet are normal
bacterial
most ... cases of acute gastroenteritis are associated with 1. Bloody stools (50%), 2. stools usually with more frequent, and are small-volume bowel movements, 3. vomiting less common
smaller
one management to help with neonatal/infancy GERD is limiting regurgitation by having ... feedings at frequent intervals
ranitidine
one medical tx option for GERD is ... which is a H2-receptor blocker
GERD
other management issues to help with ... in children include 1. weight reduction 2. dietary modification
diarrhea
other non-infectious causes of ... include: Intolerances (formula, lactose, carbohydrate, protein) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Medication use (e.g. antibiotics) Laxative abuse Toxic ingestion
positioning
parents can also try different ... during feedings (as well as smaller feedings at frequent intervals) to help infants and neonates with GERD
fluids, electrolyte
part of the tx for pyloric stenosis is correction of ... or ... imbalances (ie with IV fluids)
3-6
patients in an intermediate zone as to whether they have appendicitis or not score a ... on the pediatric appendicitis score test, so need to do further work-up/ imaging to determine if this is acute appendicitis or not
7
patients with appendicitis had a mean score of .. or more on the Pediatric Appendicitis Score test
preschool
people aged ... and older will have the classic physical exam findings of acute appendicitis with 1. RLQ tenderness 2. guarding 3. rebound tenderness 4. fever
first
pyloric stenosis is more common (30%) in ... born children
neonates, young infants
pyloric stenosis occurs most commonly in ... and ...
gastroenterologist
referral to a ... to monitor esophageal p to correlate with symptom diary is gold standard for diagnosis in children with GERD
villi
rotavirus affects the ... of the small intestine--> lots of watery diarrhea
clinically
rotavirus diagnosis is made .... (no special lab tests)
winter, Nov-May
rotavirus has its peak incidence in the ... months from ....
fecal-oral
rotavirus is spread via the ... route
anatomical
some common ... causes of (non-bilious/bilious) vomiting include: GI obstruction Malrotation w/volvulus Pyloric stenosis Esophageal atresia Duodenal atresia Annular pancreas
CNS
some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: 1. Motion sickness 2. Migraine 3. Epilepsy 4. Intracranial pressure a. Hydrocephalus b. Tumor c. Pseudotumor cerebri d. Edema
motility
some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: Achalasia GERD Appendicitis
psychogenic
some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: Bulimia Rumination Stress
endocrine
some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: DM Thyrotoxicosis Adrenal insufficiency DKA
infectious
some common ... causes of non-bilious vomiting include: Gastroenteritis Meningitis UTI Otitis Pharyngitis Pneumonia Hepatitis Appendicitis
neonates
some common causes of vomiting in .... include: GERD Pyloric stenosis Necrotizing enterocolitis Malrotation w/ volvulus Hirschsprung's Atresias, stenoses Metabolic disorders Feeding intolerance
gastroenteritis
some of the management for acute ... include 1. Rehydration, 2. refeeding, 3. +/- antidiarrheal agents (but not in young children)
GERD
some symptoms of .. that can be seen in neonates and infants include: 1. irritability, 2. feeding aversion, 3. back arching
prognosis
the .. of kids with intussusception is correlated between onset/duration of symptoms before reduction
classic
the ... findings on a PE for someone with acute appendicitis are 1. RLQ tenderness 2. guarding 3. rebound tenderness 4. fever
classic
the ... presentation of appendicitis occurs in adolescents over age 13 and is 1. anorexia 2. periumbilical pain migrating to the RLQ 3. non-bilious vomiting preceded by pain
antiemetics and antidiarrheal
the AAP recommends against the use of ... drugs in the tx of acute gastroenteritis
banana, rice, applesauce, toast
the BRAT diet (....) as part of tx for rotavirus has been debunked, and is not more effective than normal diet in tx (but gives parents something to strive for and make sure their children are eating)
pyloric stenosis
the classic presentation of ... is 1. undernourished infant 2. hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis 3. hx of vomiting starting at 2-4 weeks of age (non-bilious) which progressed to projectile vomiting 4. immediate post-prandial vomiting, with feeds after emesis as well
adolescents, 13
the classic presentation of acute appendicitis occurs in .... over age ... and is characterized by 1. anorexia 2. periumbilical pain migrating to the RLQ 3. non-bilious vomiting preceded by pain
clinically
the diagnosis for GERD is usually made ...
children
the following are common weekly symptoms seen in ... presenting with GERD: 1. chest pain 2. epigastric pain 3. dysphagia 4. heartburn 5. food impaction 6. vomiting 7. cough
GERD
the following are common weekly symptoms seen in children presenting with ...: 1. chest pain 2. epigastric pain 3. dysphagia 4. heartburn 5. food impaction 6. vomiting 7. cough
WBC, UA, serum pregnancy test in menarchal females
the following are the 3 most important basic labs to order in your work up for acute appendicitis
vomiting, mild fever, then voluminous watery diarrhea
the following are the progression of rotavirus symptoms after the 48 hour incubation period 1. ... 2... 3...
GERD
the gold standard for diagnosing .. which is not used much any more is monitoring of esophageal pH at gastroenterologist's (now a days mostly just a clinical diagnosis)
pyloric stenosis
the hungry vomiter is a good descriptor of children with ....
bacterial
the hx and exam in work up for ... acute gastroenteritis should focus on if patient is 1. seriously ill 2. has poor hydration status
gastroenteritis
the infectious causes of acute ... include 1. viruses 2. bacteria 3. parasites
3-12 months
the most common age range of kids with intussusception is ...
infectious
the most common cause of diarrhea is ....
bacterial
the most common pathogens causing ... acute gastroenteritis are : Salmonella Aeromonas Plesimonas Yersinia enterocolitica C difficile Listeria E Coli, E Coli 0157:H7 Shigella
dehydrated
the most important thing in tx of rotavirus is assessing the level of ... the patient is experiencing
3-15 months
the peak age incidence for rotavirus are infants aged ...
neonate
the physical exam findings for a ... aged birth-30 days with acute appendicitis are 1. abdominal distention 2. hypothermia (maybe) 3. hypotension (maybe) 4. respiratory distress (maybe)
birth-30 days
the physical exam findings for a neonate aged .... old, with acute appendicitis are 1. abdominal distention 2. hypothermia (maybe) 3. hypotension (maybe) 4. respiratory distress (maybe)
acute appendicitis
the physical exam findings for a neonate aged birth-30 days with .... are 1. abdominal distention 2. hypothermia (maybe) 3. hypotension (maybe) 4. respiratory distress (maybe)
abdominal distention, hypothermia, hypotension, respiratory distress
the physical exam findings for a neonate aged birth-30 days with acute appendicitis are 1. ... 2. ... (maybe) 3. ... (maybe) 4. ... (maybe)
infant
the physical exam findings for an ... aged 30 days- 2 years with acute appendicitis are are 1. fever 2. diffuse abdominal tenderness (due to rupture)
30 days- 2 years
the physical exam findings for an infant age .... old with acute appendictis are 1. fever 2. diffuse abdominal tenderness (due to rupture)
acute appendictis
the physical exam findings for an infant aged 30 days- 2 years with ... are 1. fever 2. diffuse abdominal tenderness (due to rupture)
fever, diffuse abdominal tenderness
the physical exam findings for an infant aged 30 days- 2 years with acute appendictis are 1. fever 2. ... (due to rupture)
acute appendicitis
the presentation of ... in neonates, ages birth -30 days old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with gastroenteritis)
acute appendicitis
the presentation of ... in preschool aged children, ages 2-5 years old, is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting (is often the first symptom that precedes other sxs) 2. abdominal pain (preceded by vomiting) 3. fever present in most, but not all patients
acute appendicitis
the presentation of ... in school-age children, ages 6-12 years old, is characterized by 1. Abdominal pain 2. non-bilious vomiting 3. typical migration of periumbilical pain to RLQ may not occur 4. Diarrhea (can confuse the diagnosis) 5. constipation (can confuse the diagnosis) 6. dysuria (can confuse the diagnosis)
acute appendicitis
the presentation of .... in infants ages 30 days- 2 years old is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting, 2.pain 3. fever 4. Diarrhea not uncommon.
preschool
the presentation of acute appendicitis in ... aged children, ages 2-5 years old, is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting (is often the first symptom that precedes other sxs) 2. abdominal pain (preceded by vomiting) 3. fever present in most, but not all patients
infants
the presentation of acute appendicitis in ... ages 30 days- 2 years old is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting, 2.pain 3. fever 4. Diarrhea not uncommon.
neonates
the presentation of acute appendicitis in ...., ages birth -30 days old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with gastroenteritis)
school-age
the presentation of acute appendicitis in ...children, ages 6-12 years old, is characterized by 1. Abdominal pain 2. non-bilious vomiting 3. typical migration of periumbilical pain to RLQ may not occur 4. Diarrhea (can confuse the diagnosis) 5. constipation (can confuse the diagnosis) 6. dysuria (can confuse the diagnosis)
30 days to 2 years
the presentation of acute appendicitis in infants ages ... old is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting, 2.pain 3. fever 4. Diarrhea not uncommon.
non-bilious vomiting, pain, fever and diarrhea
the presentation of acute appendicitis in infants ages 30 days- 2 years old is characterized by 1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... uncommon.
birth-30 days
the presentation of acute appendicitis in neonates, ages ... old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with gastroenteritis)
gastroenteritis
the presentation of acute appendicitis in neonates, ages birth -30 days old is abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting (easily confused with ...)
abdominal distention and non-bilious vomiting
the presentation of acute appendicitis in neonates, ages birth -30 days old is: 1. ... 2... (easily confused with gastroenteritis)
2-5 years
the presentation of acute appendicitis in preschool aged children, ages ... old, is characterized by 1. non-bilious vomiting (is often the first symptom that precedes other sxs) 2. abdominal pain (preceded by vomiting) 3. fever present in most, but not all patients
non-bilious vomiting (1st sx), abdominal pain (after vomiting), fever (in most)
the presentation of acute appendicitis in preschool aged children, ages 2-5 years old, is characterized by 1. ... 2... 3...
abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting, migration of abdominal pain from periumbilical to RLQ, diarrhea, constipation, dysuria
the presentation of acute appendicitis in school-age children, ages 6-12 years old, is characterized by 1. ... 2... 3.. (may or may not be present) 4... (can confuse diagnosis 5... (can confuse diagnosis) 6... (can confuse diagnosis)
6-12 years
the presentation of acute appendicitis in school-age children, ages... old, is characterized by 1. Abdominal pain 2. non-bilious vomiting 3. typical migration of periumbilical pain to RLQ may not occur 4. Diarrhea (can confuse the diagnosis) 5. constipation (can confuse the diagnosis) 6. dysuria (can confuse the diagnosis)
postprandial
the regurgitation associated with GERD in neonates and infants is usually ... and is generally never vomiting, just regurgitation
Cholestyramine
the rx for ... is as follows ..., 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until formed stools for gastroenteritis
1/3 packet
the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, ... mixed with food TID until formed stools for gastroenteritis
food
the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with ... TID until formed stools for gastroenteritis
TID
the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with food ... until formed stools for gastroenteritis
formed stools
the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until ... for gastroenteritis
gastroenteritis
the rx for cholesteryamine is as follows cholesteryamine, 1/3 packet mixed with food TID until formed stools for ...
antidiarrheal
the use of true ... medications for tx of acute gastroenteritis are ineffective and possibly even dangerous for smaller children. (kaopectate, loperamide, tincture of opium, diphenoxylate with atropine).
post-prandial
the vomiting associated with pyloric stenosis is ... (after feedings)
male
there is a 3:1 ... predominance in intussusception
male
there is a 4:1 .. predominance in cases of pyloric stenosis
family
there is a positive ... hx of pyloric stenosis in 13% of kids;
infancy
these are the most common causes of vomiting during ....: GERD Gastroenteritis Anatomic Intussusception Rumination Nutrient intolerances Overfeeeding Munchausen syndrome by proxy
childhood
these are the most common causes of vomiting during ....: Gastroenteritis Infection Peptic ulcer/GERD Cyclic vomiting Psychogenic Toxic ingestion Intracranial mass
adolescence
these are the most common causes of vomiting during ....: Gastroenteritis Peptic ulcer/GERD Psychogenic Intracranial mass Cyclic vomiting Bulimia Pregnancy Drugs of abuse Suicide attempt
surgery
treatment for any kind of symptomatic malrotation (with or without volvulus) is surgery
neonates and infants
vomiting in .... should always be taken seriously, and you need to take a good hx to 1. Distinguish vomiting from regurgitation 2. Bilious versus non-bilious
vomiting, regurgitation
vomiting in neonates and infants should always be taken seirously, and you need to take a good hx to 1. Distinguish ... from ... 2. Bilious versus non-bilious
bilious, non-bilious
vomiting in neonates and infants should always be taken seirously, and you need to take a good hx to 1. Distinguish vomiting from regurgitation 2. distinguish between ... vomiting versus ... vomiting
central
vomiting is a complex reflex that arises from a ... place in the brain
