Sociology Exam #2 part 2
Which type of leadership style focuses on instrumental concerns, making decisions, and ensuring group members obey orders?
Authoritarian Leadership
What is the correct sociological concept for all people with a common status, such as "college students?"
Category
Carol Gilgan extended Kohlberg's reproach, showing what about moraity?
Girls and boys typically asses situations as right and wrong using different standards
The concept "presentation of self" refers to:
Goffman's term for an individual's efforts to create specific impressions
Which concept refers to group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
Instrumental leadership
Cultural tranmission refers to the process of:
Passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
Jean Piaget called the level of development at which individuals first use language and other cultural symbols which of the following stages?
Peoperational stage
Stanley Milligram's research, in which subjects used a "sock generator." showed that:
People are most likely to follow directions
Which of the following concepts refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?
Personality
Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships using the concept:
Primary Group
Which concept refers to a temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact?
Secondary Group
In freud's model of personality, what represents the presence of culture within the individual?
Super ego
What are the characteristics of a secondary group?
Weak emotional ties, know a little about each other
When Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self" he was referring to the fact that:
a persons conception of self
What is the term for a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a lot of personal ability and effort?
achieved status
Sociologists define a symbol as:
anything that has meaning to people who share a culture
A role set refers to a number of roles:
attached to a single status
Nonverbal communication refers to?
body movements, gestures, facial expressions
What is the term for: "the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves that is, to keep themselves going"-----is called:
bureaucratic inertia
What is Robert Merton's term for focusing so much on rules and regulations that the organization cannot accomplish its goals?
bureaucratic ritualism
What props or materials might a professors in his/her class?
computers, books
The spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called what?
diffusion
Th study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:
dramaturgical analysis
Compared to an industry, society, a postindustrial society is based on:
economy
In frauds model of personality, which element of personality represents a persons efforts to balance the innate pleaure-seeking drives and the demads of society?
ego
A person who criticizes an Amish farmer for being backward for trilling his fields using horses and plows instead of a tractor s exhibiting what?
ethnocentrism
The practice of judging any other culture using its own standards is called what?
ethnocentrism
A New York Ballet would be an example of which kind of culture
high culture
Our basic drives, or needs, as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of:
id
By "taking the role of the other, " Mead had in mind:
imagining a situation from another persons point of view
Solomon Ash's reproach, in which subjects were asked match lines, showed:
many subjects agreed with the wrong answers given by others in their group
The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was what?
moral resoning
Wrong-doing such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity is an example of violating cultural:
mores
A Marxist analysis of: U.S culture suggests that our competitive and individualistic values reflect
nations capitalists economy
which of the following concepts refers to social group toward which we feel competition or opposition?
out-group
The Thomas Theorem states that:
people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences
According to Hoffman, our use of costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey information to others are all elements of a:
performance
Which concept refers to efforts to radically change someone's personality through careful control of the environment?
resocialization
Sociologists use which of the following connects to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?
role
Which concept refers to conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?
role conflict
Assume a supervisor wishes to be good friends to his/her workers, but must remain distant to asses the worker's performance. What concept does this scenario best reflect?
role strain
According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?
sensorimotor stage
The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the:
social conflict approach
Which concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?
socialization
Which theoretical approach asserts that the stability of U.S society rests on core values shared by most people?
structural- functional approach
Garfinkel's research, called "ethnomethodology" involves:
studying the way people make sense of there everyday surroundings
Computer nerds, Husker fans, Colorado Cowboys, the "Beach crowd" would be examples of what?
subculture
George Herbert Mead placed the origin of the self in:
the part of individuals personality
What are cultural universals?
traits that are apart of every known culture
