Week 1 Fundamentals

Airborne Isolation

*Use to protect against droplets smaller than 5mcg (measles, varicella, pulmonary or laryngeal tB) Airborne precautions require: -Private room -Masks and respiratory protection devices for caregivers and visitors. -Negative pressure airflow exchange in the room of at least 6 to 12 exchanges/hr -Splashing, or spraying is a possibility, wear full face (eyes, nose, mouth) protection -Clients who have an airborne infection should wear a mask while outside of the room/home.

A nurse has drafted an SBAR communication before contacting the primary care provider of a client whose condition has worsened suddenly. How should the nurse best conclude this communication? A) Ask the care provider to come and assess the client. B) Provide the client's most recent vital signs. C) Ask the care provider if he or she is familiar with this client. D) Provide the most likely diagnosis of the problem.

A) Ask the care provider to come and assess the client.

Surgical asepsis

Aim is to ELIMINATE ALL microorganisms from an object/area to prevent contamination "Sterile Technique"

Medical asepsis

Aim is to REDUCE THE NUMBER, growth, and spread of microorganisms "clean technique"

A nurse uses the SBAR method to hand off the communication to the health care team. Which of the following might be listed under the "B" of the acronym?" A) Vital signs B) Mental status C) Client request D) Further testing

B Mental Status

Standard Precautions—Tier One

Clean hands with alcohol based waterless product when entering and leaving room and NOT VISIBLY SOILED. -Wash hands with soap and water if contamination w/ spores is suspected Cover mouth and nose w/ arm or tissue when coughing or sneezing -Recommend gloves and complete hand hygiene between client. -Masks, eye protection, and face shields are required when splashing or spraying of body fluids

Contact Isolation

Contact precautions protect visitors and caregivers when they are w/in 3 ft of the client against direct client and environmental contact infections. Require: A private room or a room w/ other client who have the same infection. -Gloves and gowns worn by the caregivers and visitors. -Disposal of infectious dressing material into a single nonporous bag without touching the outside of the bag.

A man on an airplane is sitting by a woman who is coughing and sneezing. If she has an infection, what is the most likely means of transmission from the woman to the man? A) Direct contact B) Indirect contact C) Vectors D) Airborne route

D) Airborne route

Bradycardia

Decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic conditions less than 12

ISBAR

Identify: Self name, position, location, who you are talking to. Identifity pt name, age, sex, location Situation: State the purpose "the reason I am calling is..." ---Urgent..Say so! Background: Tell the story/current problem Relevant hx, examination, test results, management. ex. relevant vital signs, current management Assessment State what you think is going on. Ex. "So the pt is febrile and I can't find a source of infection." Ex.The pt seems to be deteriorating, I think they may be bleeding... Recommendation: State Request Ex. I'd like your opinion on the most appropriate test. Ex. I need help urgently, are you able to come?

Health Care Associated Infections (HAI's)

Infections that a client acquires while receiving care in a health care setting An iatrogenic infection is a type of HAI resulting from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. UTIs -catherizations Surgical Site Infections Bloodstream infections Pneumonia-ventilated associated

Infection

Microorganism enters a person's body and causes harm. Using the person's body to sustain itself, reproduce, and colonize. WBCs greater than 10000 ESR greater than 20

Eupnea

Normal, unlabored respiration; one respiration to four heartbeats 12-20

Apnea

Periods when no breathing occurs. Ongoing apnea spells could lead to respiratory arrest.

Droplet Isolation

Protect against droplets larger than 5mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft from the client (streptococcal pharyngitis or pneumonia) Droplet precautions: -Private room or a room w/ other client who have the same infection disease. -Ensure that clients have their own equipment. -Clients who have a droplet infection should wear a mask while outside of the room/home. *Clean hands before entering and leaving room *Wear a mask *Staff: if in contact w/ secretions likely use gown, glove, and EYE cover

Febrile

feverish