week 3 AP
axis
what is the name of the second Cerivical vertebra?
Maxillae
A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development.
helps to form joints
A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________
true
A fontanelle __________. is a fibrous membrane is found only in the fetal skull allows for compression of the skull during birth
foramen magnum
A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.
compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone
A long bone consists of a shaft composed of ________ and an end composed of ________.
ethmoid
A patient is brought to the trauma center with head and facial injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. You note a constant flow of clear fluid from her nose. Which bone may be fractured?
large, irregularly shaped projection
A trochanter is a ________.
patella
An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.
2, perpendicular plate and vomer
How many bones make up the nasal septum?
transverse process
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
zygomatic bone and temporal bone
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.
medial malleolus
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
occipital condyles
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.
Acetabulum
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
Occipital bone- atlas
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes
atlas-axis
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
medial and proximal
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
a projection on the mandible
Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.
The olfactory nerve (CN I)
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.
cheek
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.
External acoustic meatus
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
greater sciatic notch
Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.
line aspera
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
styloid process
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.
trochanter
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
Crista galli
Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.
lambdoid suture
Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.
Posterior surface and base of the cranium
Identify the location of the occipital bone.
floor of skull
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
perpendicular plate
Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum
coracoid process
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
cribriform plate
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.
head
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
Mandibular condyle
Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.
acromion process
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
sella turcica
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
the lesser wings
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.
squamous part
Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.
mandibular fossa
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
mandibular fossa
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.
zygomatic process
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic process
Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.
lacrimal
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.
infraorbital foramen
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.
glenoid fossa
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
saggital suture
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium.
In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.
inferior articular process
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
impaired head and neck movements
Since mastoid infections may spread to the brain, surgical removal of the mastoid process was once considered to be the best way to prevent brain inflammation. Unfortunately, this also had the side-effect of causing ____________.
glenoid cavity
The ________ of the scapula receives the humerus.
body
The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.
axial
The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.
thoracic
The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs
sternum
The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
Scapula
The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the ________.
3
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
hyaline cartilage
The area where blood vessels are penetrating the center of the bone used to be occupied by which tissue?
acromioclavicular joint.
The articulation formed by the tip of the scapula and the clavicle is called the
true
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
ischial tuberosity
The bone marking that makes up the portion of the pelvis you sit on is the
central canal (haversian canal)
The center of the osteon is called the ________.
epiphyseal plate
The center of the osteon is called the ________.
neck
The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
ethmoid
The cribriform foramina, through which the fibers of cranial nerve I pass, are located in the ________ bone on the floor of the skull.
Periosteum
The diaphysis of a long bone is covered by ________.
false. cranial bone
The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.
ability of the scapula to slide easily against the thorax
The exceptional flexibility of the shoulder girdle is due, in part, to the ________.
lighter
The female pelvis is ________ than the male pelvis.
osteon
The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?
false
The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.
Medial and lateral condyles
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
Occipital
The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?
perpendicular plate
forms superior part of nasal septum
The obturator foramen is the large circular hole in the hip bone. A few blood vessels and nerves pass through the part of the obturator foramen that isn't sealed off by a fibrous membrane.
hole in the hip bone
tibial tuberosity
identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
1
How many bones are found in the arm or brachial region?
When one or more fontanelles is closed prematurely, bone growth along the lateral aspects of the head can affect the small bones of the inner ear and result in deafness.
Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fontanelles are replaced with bone prematurely. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this condition?
interverbral disc
Each ----------- is made of fibrocartilage and serves as a shock absorber for the spine
olecranon fossa of the humerus
Extension (or straightening) of the elbow stops when the proximal end of the ulna engages the ________.
hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilaginous
Fetal vertebrae develop through endochondral ossification from a preexisting __________ model. The second step of repair of a fracture of these bones is the formation of a(n) __________ callus.
fibrous membrane in a fetal skull
Fontanels are ________.
Femur
Name bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.
mandibular notch
Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.
ulna and radius
Name the bone or bones of the forearm.
formena magnum
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
spinous process
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
mental formina
Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.
fibula
On a busy orthopedic service, you encounter several patients, each of whom has broken a different bone in the lower extremity. Which complete fracture will probably allow the earliest resumption of normal walking?
Ribosomes
Osteoid-producing osteoblasts must rely on this organelle to produce primary structures leading to the formation of collagen and calcium-binding proteins.
clavicle
Part complete The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the ________.
laterally; posteriorly
Part complete The transverse processes of vertebrae point ________, while the spinous process points ________.
vomer
Part complete Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
lacrimal bone
Part complete Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
tibia
The head of the fibula articulates with the ________.
supraorbital foramen
The hole above the eye orbit is the
sphenoid bone
The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica, surrounds the pituitary gland, and is a part of the ________ bone.
Fibula
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
mandible
The lower jawbone, or __________, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.
both hip (coxal) bones and the sacrum and coccyx
The pelvis consists of ________.
patellar surface
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
capitulum
The radius articulates with this condyle of the humerus.
mandibular ramus
The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:
illiac crest
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
a depression
The sella turcica is best described as:
the sphenoid bone contains the paired sphenoidal sinuses.
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
Osteon
The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.
superior border
The suprascapular notch is found on:
olfactory foramina
The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:
Fibrocartilage
The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.
clavicle and scapula
These bones form the pectoral girdle.
infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, and supraspinous fossa
These fossae of the scapula contain muscles that stabilize the shoulder
inferior nasal conchae
These keystone bones of the face contact all other facial bones except the mandible.
maxillae
These keystone bones of the face contact all other facial bones except the mandible.
lacrimal
These small paired bones of the orbit contain a passageway through which tears pass.
femur
This bone articulates with the acetabulum.
tibia
This bone bears the medial malleolus.
hyoid bone
This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.
jugular foramen
This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it.
The sacrum curves ventrally into the pelvic outlet.
This is a characteristic of the male pelvis.
foramen
This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.
endosteum
This membrane lines the shaft of long bones, and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
irregular bones
Vertebrae belong to this category of bones.
zygomatic bones
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?
atlas
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
They ossify, and in time become sutures.
What is ultimately the fate of fontanels in a child or an adult skull?
hyaline cartilage
What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?
sacral region
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
metatarsals
When moving proximally from the toes, the set of bones after the phalanges are the
Inferior surface of the zygomatic process
Where is the mandibular fossa located?
Pubic tubercles
Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?
sphenoid bone
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
palatine bones and maxillary bones
Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?
maxillary
Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?
Wide pelvic inlet and outlet
Which feature of the female pelvis provides for compatibility with vaginal birth?
Calcitriol Yes, parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates Vitamin D into calcitriol in the kidney. Calcitriol then increases absorption of calcium in the intestine.
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
mandibular formina
Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view
ischial tuberosity
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
Maxilla
Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones?
head
Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?
nasal bone Correct. The sinuses found in the skull are collectively known as the paranasal sinuses because they encircle the nasal cavity. The nasal bones are small tombstone shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose and don't contain sinuses.
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
hydrooxyapatite
Which of the following contributes most directly to the hardness of bones?
calcitonin
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
As a person ages, scoliosis may develop resulting in an abnormal spinal curvature and shorter stature
Which of the following is not a reason we become shorter as we age?
ilium
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
the nasal septum
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae
They will grow and encourage bone formation until the epiphyseal plate eventually ossifies.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the future actions of the vessels in the medullary cavity and the vessels in the epiphyses of the bone?
Intervertebral discs
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
calcium
Which of the following substances is NOT a component of the osteoid material secreted by the cells indicated by the arrow in panel A?
stimulates increased osteoblast activiity
Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
middle nasal concha
Which of theses projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity
medial leg
Which part of the leg does the tibia form?
palatine process of maxillary bone
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?
Auricular surface of the ilium
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
mandibular condyle
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
subscapular fossa
Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?
Its bones attach to each other and to the axial skeleton.
Which statement about the pectoral girdle is false?
medial
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?
atlas
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
The remains are from an adult younger than 40 years of age, and the hyaline cartilage does not preserve as well as bone.
Why might the xiphoid process be missing from the sternum in a set of human remains?
"The excessive curvature of your lower spine is putting pressure on the nerves that go to your leg."
You have a young patient with severe lordosis in the lumbar region. How would you explain to her why her leg often goes numb?
cervical
You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column.
The tibia supports more weight than the fibula, and there is less soft tissue around the bone so the break is often an open fracture more susceptible to infection.
Your X-ray examination reveals that you have fractured your fibula. Your physician remarks, "Well, it's better than breaking your tibia." Explain why a fracture of the tibia would be worse than a fracture of the fibula.
Crista galli, ethmoid
________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.
palatine bone
either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits
maxilla
only facial bone with a sinus
palatine bones
posterior part of hard palate
It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage.
true ribs
lamina
vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?