Week 4 OM

c. More than 2 but less than or equal to 3

A bottling machine fills water bottles with an average of 12.000 ounces of water. The standard deviation is 0.002 ounces. If the design specification for the fill weight of the bottles is 12.000 ounces plus or minus 0.015 ounces, calculate the process capability index of the machine. a. Less than or equal to 1 b. More than 1 but less than or equal to 2 c. More than 2 but less than or equal to 3 d. More than 4

d. greater than 5.0

A cell phone manufacturer has been experiencing physical quality control problems. The back case of phones does not always fit and snap into place on the phone body. The dimensions of the case have constantly been in statistical process control (SPC). To monitor process control, the company uses x-charts. Seven samples, each containing three phone cases, were selected from different batches. The data is presented in Table 1 below. *The sample averages and ranges help avoid simple math errors and quicken the time to complete the SPC analysis. If A2 for the x-chart is 1.023, the lower control limit for the x-chart (LCL) will be: a. less than or equal to 3.0 b. greater than 3.0 but less than or equal to 4.0 c. greater than 4.0 but less than or equal to 5.0 d. greater than 5.0

b. 60 percent

A company is using a Kanban system with 2 containers, each holding 50 parts, between a downstream (using) and an upstream (producing) work center. The using work center can handle 250 jobs per day. The average elapsed time for the entire cycle is currently 0.25 days. The company is concerned about the safety factor for the operation. Which of the following is the safety factor (α) of the current operation? a. 20 percent b. 60 percent c. 80 percent d. 40 percent

c. more than 16 but less than or equal to 18

A detergent company periodically tests its products for variations in the fill weight. To do this, the company uses X-charts. Eight samples, each containing six detergent boxes, were selected from different batches. Historical data for fill weight (in ounces) of the eight samples is presented below. a. less than or equal to 14 b. more than 14 but less than or equal to 16 c. more than 16 but less than or equal to 18 d. more than 18

b. more than 4 but less than or equal to 8 Kanbans

A hinge manufacturing company employs a Kanban system for a component part. The daily demand is 900 hinges. Each container has a waiting time of 0.05 days and a processing time of 0.37 days. The container size is 60 hinges, and the safety factor (α) is 10 percent. Given this data, the number of Kanbans necessary for the system is: a. less than 4 Kanbans b. more than 4 but less than or equal to 8 Kanbans c. more than 8 but less than or equal to 12 Kanbans d. more than 12 but less than or equal to 16 Kanbans

a. 85

A manufacturer of automobile engines is designing a new Kanban system for engine #321. The demand for #321 is 75 parts per day, and the container can hold 8 parts at a time. The total processing and waiting time is 3 days. The manager wants a safety factor (α) of 2 or 200 percent. How many Kanbans are required in this system? a. 85 b. 90 c. 100 d. 115

c. greater than 1.5 but less than or equal to 2.0

A salon and spa chain periodically analyzes its service times to check for variation in service processes. To do this, it uses R-charts. Seven samples, each containing observed service time with three different customers, were collected. The average mean and the average range of the service times are found to be 9.924 and 0.957, respectively. If D 4 for the R-chart is 1.924, the upper control limit (UCLr=D4*Rbar) for the R-chart will be: a. less than or equal to 1.0 b. greater than 1.0 but less than or equal to 1.5 c. greater than 1.5 but less than or equal to 2.0 d. greater than 2.0 but less than or equal to 2.5

d. Kanban

A__________is a flag or a piece of paper that contains all relevant information for an order, such as part number, description, process area used, time of delivery, quantity available, quantity delivered, production quantity, and so on. a. Kaikaku b. Jidoka c. Kaizen d. Kanban

a. run chart

A__________is a line graph in which data are plotted over time. a. run chart b. flow chart c. checksheet d. histogram

c. project

A__________is a temporary and often customized initiative that consists of many smaller tasks and activities that must be coordinated and completed to finish the entire initiative on time and within budget. a. resource plan b. schedule c. project d. product-process matrix

b. push system

A__________produces finished-goods inventory in advance of customer demand using a forecast of sales. a. just-in-time system b. push system c. Kanban system d. pull system

b. flow chart

Alex, the manager at Rues and West Inc., wants to know the sequence of the production process in the company to determine if any process can be combined or eliminated. In this case, a _____ will suit Alex's requirement. a. run chart b. flow chart c. checksheet d. histogram

a. Less than or equal to 0.1

An operator wants to determine the standard deviation for a machine she operates. To do this, she wants to create a p-chart. Over a month's time, she collects 30 samples of 75 observations each and records the number of errors. The average proportion defective is found to be 0.024. Which of the following is the standard deviation of the machine? a. Less than or equal to 0.1 b. More than 0.1 but less than or equal to 0.5 c. More than 0.5 but less than or equal to 1.0 d. More than 1.0

c. internal failure costs

At Scorla Automobiles, a few machines in the assembly section were faulty and had to be shut down till they were repaired. This reduced the output of automobiles for the quarter. In this case, the costs incurred by Scorla Automobiles for repairing the machines are an example of _____. a. prevention costs b. appraisal costs c. internal failure costs d. external failure costs

b. 4

Create & Sell Manufacturing Inc. uses a Kanban system for a component. The daily demand is 175 units. Each container has a combined waiting and processing time of 0.20 days. If the container size is 10 brackets and the safety factor is 11 percent, how many Kanban card sets should be authorized? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7

d. continuous metrics

Customer waiting time and order lead time are examples of__________. a. discrete metrics b. countable metrics c. isolated metrics d. continuous metrics

c. 67757 errors per million opportunities

Daniel is a front-desk manager at Refington Hotel, a mid-market hotel. During Daniel's shift last week, he received 29 customer complaints. A total of 428 guests had stayed in the hotel that week. Given this information, find out the errors per million opportunities. a. 400 errors per million opportunities b. 23456 errors per million opportunities c. 67757 errors per million opportunities d. 14758620 errors per million opportunities

b. Its component parts and subassemblies will be replenished only when needed

Drive-in-Style Motors follows a traditional manufacturing system. It produces a fixed number of cars every month. It is now planning to switch to a system of manufacturing where workers go to the source of required parts and withdraw them based on requirements. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely to occur if Drive-in-Style Motors implements this plan? a. Its inventory levels will increase significantly when the demand is low b. Its component parts and subassemblies will be replenished only when needed c. Its finished goods inventory will decrease, but raw materials and work-in-process inventories will increase d. Its workers, at any given process, will produce units before they are needed

d. external failure costs

Harlose Suits faced a lot of complaints from customers when its recent batch of goods was dispatched. The employees at Harlose Suits, hence, had to rework on the returned items, and in some cases, the company had to even replace the faulty goods. In this case, the costs incurred by Harlose Suits are an example of _____. a. prevention costs b. appraisal costs c. internal failure costs d. external failure costs

a. poka-yoke

Huran Co., a food manufacturer, announced a contest for its customers where they could win exciting prizes if they fill in their details in the coupons they find in their cereal boxes and mail them to the company. But at the packaging section of the company, some of the workers forgot to insert the coupons in some of the cereal boxes. This led to numerous complaints from customers. To prevent this problem from happening again, it was suggested that the workers take 10 coupons and 10 boxes before they start packing the boxes, and if any coupon is left after the 10 boxes are packed, the workers recheck the boxes. This is an example of an application of the _____ concept. a. poka-yoke b. kaizen c. Six Sigma d. reproducibility

d. Its standards apply to all types of businesses, including electronics and chemicals

Identify a true statement about International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000:2000. a. It states that generic management practices can never be standardized b. Its standards do not apply to services such as health care, banking, and transportation c. It is the first version of the ISO family of standards d. Its standards apply to all types of businesses, including electronics and chemicals

a. He advocated the use of quality cost measurement to focus attention on quality problems

Identify a true statement about Joseph M. Juran's philosophy of quality management. a. He advocated the use of quality cost measurement to focus attention on quality problems b. He argued that employees at different levels of an organization speak one common language c. He proposed a major cultural change in the organization d. He stated that there is no such thing as a quality problem

d. Many applications of poka-yoke are deceptively simple

Identify a true statement about the poka-yoke concept. a. Many applications of poka-yoke are expensive to implement b. It is a manufacturing process c. It is a concept advocated by Dr. W. Edwards Deming d. Many applications of poka-yoke are deceptively simple

a. a significant percentage of output will not conform to the design specifications

If a process has a process capability index value (C p) of less than 1, it means that: a. a significant percentage of output will not conform to the design specifications b. both the lower and upper specification limits are met c. the observed variation is the same as the design specification width d. the process is very capable of meeting the upper specification limit

b. $400

If an activity can be completed in 10 weeks at a cost of $3,200 instead of the normal time of 12 weeks at a cost of $2,400, then the crash cost per week for the given activity is _____. a. $200 b. $400 c. $600 d. $800

a. engineering

Implementing a new computer-aided design system is an example of a project in the functional area of _____. a. engineering b. operations c. logistics d. marketing

a. A large sample allows small changes in process characteristics to be detected with higher probability than a small sample size

In the context of designing control charts, which of the following is true of a sample size? a. A large sample allows small changes in process characteristics to be detected with higher probability than a small sample size b. A small sample is used to detect process shifts of two standard deviations or smaller c. A large sample size is desirable to keep the cost associated with sampling low d. A small sample size provides greater degrees of statistical accuracy in estimating the true state of control than a large sample size

d. visual controls

In the context of lean tools and approaches, _____ are indicators for operating activities that are placed in plain sight of all employees so that everyone can quickly and easily understand the status and performance of the work system. a. Kanban cards b. push systems c. pull systems d. visual controls

a. shine

In the context of lean tools and approaches,__________, one of the components of the 5S principles, refers to a clean work area. a. shine b. standardize c. sort d. sustain

a. closing

In the context of project management,__________a project involves releasing and reassigning people. a. closing b. organizing c. defining d. planning

b. activities

In the context of projects,__________are discrete tasks that consume resources and time. a. value chains b. activities c. processes d. schedules

c. in control

In the context of statistical process control and variation, if no special causes affect the output of a process, we say that the process is__________. a. inconsistent b. out of control c. in control d. overadjusted

c. sustain

In the context of the 5S principles, _____ means to keep a process going through training, communication, and organizational structures. a. shine b. sort c. sustain d. standardize

a. sort

In the context of the 5S principles, _____ refers to ensuring that each item in a workplace is in its proper place or identified as unnecessary and removed. a. sort b. sustain c. standardize d. set in order

d. set in order

In the context of the 5S principles,__________means to arrange materials and equipment so that they are easy to find and use. a. shine b. standardize c. sustain to produce d. set in order

c. the latest start (LS) time minus the earliest start (ES) time

In the context of the Critical Path Method (CPM), the slack time (ST) for an activity is computed as: a. the latest start (LS) time minus the earliest finish (EF) time b. the latest finish (LF) time minus the earliest start (ES) time c. the latest start (LS) time minus the earliest start (ES) time d. the earliest finish (EF) time minus the latest start (LS) time

a. It allows managers to identify the best case, worst case, and most likely case for activity times

In the context of the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), which of the following is true of the beta probability distribution approach? a. It allows managers to identify the best case, worst case, and most likely case for activity times b. It describes the inherent similarity in the optimistic, most probable, and pessimistic time estimates c. It is rigid in characterizing the distribution of times d. It forces activity times to a symmetric normal probability distribution

a. It ties up production facilities, and the resulting excess inventory simply sits idle

In the context of the major categories of waste classified by the Toyota Motor Company, which of the following is true of overproduction? a. It ties up production facilities, and the resulting excess inventory simply sits idle b. It is waste associated with the expense of idle stock and extra storage c. It allows queues to build up between operations, resulting in longer lead times d. It is a result of inefficient workplace design and location of tools and materials

a. detractors

In the context of the net promoter score (NPS), scores of 6 or below represent__________, unhappy customers who may spread negative comments. a. detractors b. passives c. promoters d. campaigners

b. passives

In the context of the net promoter score (NPS), scores of 7 or 8 are associated with__________, customers who are satisfied but may switch to competitors. a. detractors b. passives c. promoters d. proponents

d. controlling stage

In the project management life cycle, the__________involves collecting and assessing status reports, managing changes to baselines, and responding to circumstances that can negatively impact the project participants. a. closing stage b. planning stage c. organizing stage d. controlling stage

a. less than or equal to 1

Jim, a quality control manager at an apparel manufacturing company, studies and monitors quality using R-charts. He discovers a quality problem with the construction of zippers. Jim proposes that 25 samples of eight observations each be collected on a daily basis. He plans to prepare an R-chart to monitor the variation in the size of the zippers. The data collected shows that the mean length of the zippers is 15 inches and the average range is 0.5 inches. If D 3 for the R-chart is 0.136, the lower control limit (LCL R) for the R-chart will be: a. less than or equal to 1 b. more than 1 but less than or equal to 2 c. more than 2 but less than or equal to 3 d. more than 4

d. A Pareto diagram

Sémeuo is a German transnational food and beverage company. Recently, some of the products were rejected by the quality control department because they failed to meet the quality standards. Upon inspection, a number of defects were found at multiple stages of production. But Clarissa, the operations manager at Sémeuo, wants to identify the defects that have the most impact on the whole production process. In this case, which of the following quality control (QC) tools should Clarissa use? a. A flowchart b. A histogram c. A cause-and-effect diagram d. A Pareto diagram

False

The Critical Path Method (CPM) allows us to investigate the effects of uncertainty of activity times on the project completion time. True False

b. 16 weeks

The activities, their respective immediate predecessors, and activity times for a particular project are given in the table below. Determine the earliest completion time for this project using a Gantt chart. a. 14 weeks b. 16 weeks c. 18 weeks d. 20 weeks

d. Path A-F-G-H is the critical path

The district magistrate of a city has decided to reconstruct the most frequented street of the city. He plans to block the street for the duration of the work, which will cause considerable inconvenience to the people of the city. The project has three parallel paths defined as the following: Path A-B-C-H will take 16 days. Path A-D-E-H will take 22 days. Path A-F-G-H will take 30 days. In the given scenario, which of the following statements is true? a. The expected duration of the project is 68 days b. Activities B, D, and F have an earliest starting time of 0 c. Path A-D-E-H has the largest slack time d. Path A-F-G-H is the critical path

b. a form of safety stock

The equation used to calculate the number of Kanban cards required in a system is: K =[ d(p+w) (1+ α)]/C, where α denotes _____. a. the demand during lead time b. a form of safety stock c. capacity utilization d. the reorder point

c. more than 4 but less than or equal to 5

The lower and upper specification limits for a mustard filling machine are 10.50 and 12.00 ounces, respectively. The standard deviation is 0.05. The process capability index of the machine will be: a. less than or equal to 3 b. more than 3 but less than or equal to 5 c. more than 4 but less than or equal to 5 d. more than 5

a. Gap 2

The managers at Blyrie Corp. think that their company's products are of higher quality than the products of other companies in the market. However, contrary to their perception, the customers rate the company's products as below average. This is due to the inferior process design specifications in the company. This is an example of _____ in the GAP model. a. Gap 2 b. Gap 3 c. Gap 4 d. Gap 5

b. process capability index

The relationship between the natural variation and specifications is quantified by a measure known as the _____. a. net promoter score b. process capability index c. net detractor score d. process design index

c. quality control

The task of__________is to ensure that a good or service conforms to specifications and meets customer requirements by monitoring and measuring processes and making any necessary adjustments to maintain a specified level of performance. a. job design b. visual control c. quality control d. forecasting

a. less than or equal to 1

The time taken for guests to check out at a hotel front desk was measured over the course of several weeks. The management believes that the target time for checking out guests should be between 2 and 3 minutes with a target of 2.5 minutes. The data gathered for the actual process had a mean time of 2.75 minutes with a standard deviation of 0.45 minutes. The process capability index will be: a. less than or equal to 1 b. more than 3 but less than or equal to 5 c. more than 4 but less than or equal to 5 d. more than 5

False

Total productive maintenance (TPM) seeks to reduce worker ownership of production equipment by excluding employees from maintenance activities. True False

a. Achieving cycle time reduction

Which of the following is a core philosophy of Six Sigma? a. Achieving cycle time reduction b. Increasing non-value-added activities c. Avoiding errors per million opportunities as a standard metric d. Increasing variation in cash flow

d. Lean production tools are more intuitive and easier to apply by anybody in the workplace, whereas many Six Sigma tools require advanced training and expertise of specialists

Which of the following is a difference between lean production and Six Sigma? a. The lean production technique can be used in nonmanufacturing environments, whereas Six Sigma cannot be used in nonmanufacturing environments b. Lean production addresses less visible problems in processes, whereas Six Sigma is more concerned with visible problems c. Lean production is focused on effectiveness by reducing errors and defects, whereas Six Sigma is focused on efficiency by reducing waste and improving process flow d. Lean production tools are more intuitive and easier to apply by anybody in the workplace, whereas many Six Sigma tools require advanced training and expertise of specialists

c. Both are driven by customer requirements

Which of the following is a similarity between lean production and Six Sigma? a. Both solely address visible problems in processes b. Both focus on efficiency by reducing waste and improving process flow c. Both are driven by customer requirements d. Both focus on problems related to variation in performance

a. The activity time estimates are accurate and stable

Which of the following is an assumption made by the critical path method (CPM)? a. The activity time estimates are accurate and stable b. Activities are dependent on each other, without clearly defined start and finish times c. Activities are interrupted many times before completion d. The project network defines a tentative work sequence that can be changed anytime during the project

b. Planning a firm's initial public offering

Which of the following is an example of a project that belongs to the functional area of accounting and finance? a. Market research study b. Planning a firm's initial public offering c. Annual performance and compensation review d. Installing a revenue management system

c. Planned product obsolescence

Which of the following is an example of waste in organizations? a. Short order-cycle time b. Routing a job c. Planned product obsolescence d. High product variety

d. More than 14 but less than or equal to 15

Which of the following is the upper control limit for a c-chart (UCL c) with the average number of nonconformances per unit equal to 7? a. More than 11 but less than or equal to 12 b. More than 12 but less than or equal to 13 c. More than 13 but less than or equal to 14 d. More than 14 but less than or equal to 15

a. It leads to high work-in-process inventories and high levels of indirect labor and overhead

Which of the following is true of a push manufacturing system? a. It leads to high work-in-process inventories and high levels of indirect labor and overhead b. In this system, just enough new parts are procured to replace those withdrawn c. In this system, finished goods are made to coincide with the actual rate of demand d. It leads to minimal inventories and maximum responsiveness

c. A project cuts across organizational boundaries in a typical functional organization

Which of the following is true of a typical functional organization? a. It eliminates duplication of resources b. It makes communication across the organization easier and smooth c. A project cuts across organizational boundaries in a typical functional organization d. Team members are assigned exclusively to projects in a typical functional organization

b. It appears at random, and individual sources cannot be identified or explained

Which of the following is true of common cause variation? a. It can be controlled and described using nonstatistical methods b. It appears at random, and individual sources cannot be identified or explained c. It accounts for about 10 to 15 percent of the observed variation in a process d. It arises from external sources that are not inherent in a process

d. Standard control charts are not effective when the rate of defects is extremely low

Which of the following is true of control charts? a. Control charts can only be used for processes that have a very high sigma level b. The use of small sample sizes in control charts increases the chances that a process may have changed during the sampling interval c. Conventional statistical process control charts have the lowest frequency of false alarms d. Standard control charts are not effective when the rate of defects is extremely low

d. It is a trade-off between project revenue and additional input costs

Which of the following is true of crashing a project? a. It involves the removal of resources from selected project activities to reduce costs b. It increases the total cost of the project c. It increases the total time taken to complete the project d. It is a trade-off between project revenue and additional input costs

b. It occurs sporadically and can be prevented

Which of the following is true of special cause variation? a. It cannot be explained or understood b. It occurs sporadically and can be prevented c. It cannot be detected using statistical methods d. It accounts for about 80 to 95 percent of the observed variation in a process

c. It assumes that activities are independent of one another, with clearly defined start and finish dates

Which of the following is true of the Critical Path Method (CPM)? a. It allows us to investigate the effects of uncertainty of activity times on project completion times b. It uses the variance in the critical path activities to evaluate the risks associated with project completion times c. It assumes that activities are independent of one another, with clearly defined start and finish dates d. It accounts for the interruptions that may affect an activity between the start and the finish times

b. The planning stage

Which of the following stages of the project life cycle entails the scheduling of activities? a. The defining stage b. The planning stage c. The organizing stage d. The controlling stage

d. He advocated a process to guide and motivate improvement activities known as the Deming cycle

Which of the following statements is true of Dr. W. Edwards Deming? a. He sought to improve quality by working within the system familiar to managers b. He proposed a simple definition of quality: "fitness for use" c. He professed that quality means conformance to requirements and not elegance d. He advocated a process to guide and motivate improvement activities known as the Deming cycle

b. It is designed to apply to all service industries

Which of the following statements is true of SERVQUAL? a. Quality is simply ensuring that goods and services consistently conform to specifications b. It is designed to apply to all service industries c. It uses 15 dimensions of service quality performance d. Empathy is the ability to provide what was promised, dependably and accurately

a. Prevention costs

_____ are costs expended to keep nonconforming goods and services from being made and reaching the customer. a. Prevention costs b. Appraisal costs c. Internal failure costs d. External failure costs

d. The Six Sigma

_____ concept characterizes quality performance by defects per million opportunities. a. The poka-yoke b. The ISO 9000:2000 c. The Gap model d. The Six Sigma

d. A pull system

_____ is one in which employees at a given operation go to the source of required parts, such as machining or subassembly, and withdraw the units as they need them. a. A classic base-stock system b. A push system c. A materials requirement planning system d. A pull system

c. Internal failure costs

__________are costs incurred as a result of unsatisfactory quality that is found before the delivery of a good or service to the customer. a. Prevention costs b. Appraisal costs c. Internal failure costs d. External failure costs

b. Specifications

__________are targets and tolerances determined by designers of goods and services. a. Defects b. Specifications c. Units of work d. Costs of quality

a. Six Sigma

__________is a business improvement approach that seeks to find and eliminate causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and service processes by focusing on outputs that are critical to customers, resulting in a clear financial return for the organization. a. Six Sigma b. The GAP model c. Poka-yoke d. A kaizen event

a. Total productive maintenance

__________is focused on ensuring that operating systems will perform their intended function reliably. a. Total productive maintenance b. A just-in-time system c. An intermittent production system d. Total quality management

b. Crashing a project

__________refers to reducing the total time to complete the project to meet a revised due date. a. Benchmarking b. Crashing a project c. Project resource leveling d. Activity sequencing