Week 5 Quiz 2
How are blood relations given priority
- cannot power martial ties over it - cannot let anyone he knows that he that he loves his wife - modesty equals lack of sexuality - women should side with her own kin
What is the role is the father and mother's uncle
- father's brother is an authority figure - mother's is suppose to be nurturing and spoil the children. He is also the person the children turn to advice and guidance. This concept is embedded in the culture because this is what a children would also call an family friend. - the history of this is that it goes back to the earlier agricultural society. This is where the household was both patrilineal and extended. They also saw their maternal uncle less. However, they are suppose to be fond and protective of them
What is a real men in the Awlad 'Ali culture
- like a falcon - courage of the warrior ethic - not scared of being alone at night - they should anyone or thing that had power over them -
Bedouins of Western Desert of Egypt and Libya
- long bearded camels, sheep, and goats. - Pastoralist - government is working to assimilate them - generally move around as nomads - Highly independent - some were force to be more sedentary
Awlad 'Ali Code of honor
- morals are believe to pass through blood line - generosity - honesty - sincerity - loyalty - keeping one word Independence - free implies strength to stand alone - freedom is won through tough assertiveness, fearlessness, and pride - self control
What societies are bridewealth common in and how do they work
- pastoralist societies where people make their living by domesticating animals. - Massi is a cattle herd culture in Kenya and Tanzania. This is paid base on the desirability of the women based on age, beauty, virginity, and her ability to work. - does not give a women much freedom but does sometimes give them more leverage in their domestic situation
What is different in the way the Chinese address their siblings. As well as their aunt,uncle, grandparents?
- they address sibling by not only gender but also age - they address other family member depending if they are on their mom or dad aside
Chosen Kin
family ties with people that are not related by blood or marriage, such as godparents, informally adopted children, and long-time friends who are considered part of the family.
What are the roles of aunts in Croatia society
On both sides, they move to their husband house and are seen less.
What does the bridewealth represent
A higher value placed on women and their ability to work and produce children.
kinship diagram
A schematic way of presenting data on kinship relationships of an individual (called "ego") depicting all of ego's relatives, as remembered by ego and reported to the anthropologist. - male equal triangle and circle equals female - one line equals living together or engage - two line equals marriage
When was dowry used historically
Agricultural societies. Land was the most valuable commodity. Women who did not marry were seen as a burden because they did not contribute. A groom family had the upper hand. It helped ease the tension:
modified marriage
Allows the potential spouses to meet and spend time togetherx
What is the basis of Awlad 'Ali identity
Blood - nobility of honor - honor - sincerity - generosity
What forms can dowry come in
Coins that might be woven together and worn on her wedding day. This form represent a statement of wealth, prestige for both families. Liens and other useful items for the wife to use.
Descent groups
Created by kinship systems that provide members with a sense of identity and social support
Types of descent
Foragers - these are often bilateral Horticulturalist - were\are often matrilineal but many were/are patrilineal Pastoralist - were\ are primarily patrilineal Agriculturalists - patrilineal
George Murdock
anthropologist who complied a list of over 60 cultural universals
Structures included what
Domestic and political economy
What are the two tribes of the Tlingit
Eagle and Raven
What do kinship group control what?
Economic resources and dictate choices about where people live, who they can marry, and what happens after their property after they die.
How might urban housing work in Croatia
Extended family might operate across one or more residential spaces.
How are mother and father perceived in Croatian society?
Father are seen as the authority figure. They said to be given deference and respect. Mother are suppose to be very nurturing and so are their brother.
What does the Awlad 'Ali value
Fearlessness and valued even when tribal warfare is gone Values of warrior Need to rely on team b\c of large animals Loyalty is important for economic strategies - religious and moral ideologies are deeply connected to upholding a social system - morality is makes them superior to other people
Hawaiian system
First cousin all refer to each other as brother and sister. They also refer to what we would call uncle and aunt their mother or father. The adults were refer to all the children as child.
Clan in Navajo
Group of people that have a common descent but not a specific ancestor. Some clan trace back to a mythological ancestor. When people meet each other they exchange clan info to see how they are related. Marry outside of the clan and have responsibilities to both sides. Clan are pretty big that people may not know every member but the rights and obligations is strong
Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family by Lewis Henry
He documented the words to describe family membet in the Iroquois language.
How did Marvin Harris see the economy and environment
He thought that these two greatly influence marriage and other social organizations - lowest level to him was infrastructure- this includes a group's substance strategy for making a living on the environment. - middle level was what he called the social structure - included the ways societies organize themselves through kinship, gender roles, politics, and etc. - the top level is the superstructure- this includes the ideational concerns of a culture this includes social values, religion, myth, and art
Ta in Chinese
He/she\it
What does dowry represent
Higher status of the groom family and it wants to wants the family to pay for taking on the economic responsibility of wife.
Can women achieve autonomy or self mastery
No - little control over sexuality and reproduction - her children make her dependent on her husband - she can attain some measure of honor through modesty
Mayer of Sothern India: example of matrilineal society
In the 17th and 18th century men and women did not line together after getting married. This is because their husband were not part of the lineage. Women lived in their extended family lives for their whole life. The male siblings in the household had the social role of the father and were important roles in their sister children lives. The biological father only had a limited role the child life. The power was held by the oldest male of the household.
Same sex marriage in Native American cultures
In the Great Plains, men who prefer to dress and take on the role as women were allowed to marry others men. If was assumed that one would do traditionally male roles through. Androgynous people, men who preferred female roles or dress and the same for gender were celebrated as two spirits Today, each Native American set their own rules to this and some still do not allow this. Cherokee legalized it in 2016.
Iroquois (matrilineal)
In this women own the house and when she gets married the men moves into the longhouse if the women wanted a divorce she would simply put his stuff outside the house. Husband and wife do not spend a lot of time together because he is hunter and warrior while she was a farmer and tended to the house.
In some cultures when the husband wife passes away what is he expected to do
Marry one of the sister of the wife because it is thought that they would be a good substitute for the children
patrilineal cousin marriage
Marrying a male or female cousin on your father side is prefer
Dowry in Yugoslavia
Meant to provide for a women if she became widow. It represented her share of the family property and reflected the tradition that land was inherited by the women's brother
The avunclocal arrangement is important that a person would do what?
Men or women without a opposite sex sibling will adopt one. A women must have her brother plant yam garden for her husband. A man must have a sister to participate in exchanges of wealth on his behalf to improve his position. This will also ensure that his soul is reborn.
How do matrilineal societies function
Men still have greater power but women may be subject more power of their brothers or uncle rather their then father
Infrastructure includes what
Modes of production - technology, work pattern, geographic environment, and physical environment Birth and death rates - size and density of population, range of population growth
Bilateral kinship group focuses on what
Parents and children, with aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, and grandchildren. Everyone is related even through they might not interact. One person and their relatives through marriage or blood. This way a person might have different relatives because two sibling in a patrilineal or matrilineal would share.
Is Chinese patrilineal or matrilineal
Patrilineal, children know their father family but not their mother's.
Kinship System
Pattern of culturally recognized relationships between families
What does shaded symbols represent in a kinship diagram
People in same lineage.
What is important in matrilineal culture
Property, knowledge, and social position are linked to men and they want to keep it in the family
Who was the first anthropologist to use the terms status and role
Ralph Linton
Kinship is a primary way that
Societies organize themselves - kinship strategies are often closely related to infrastructure
Levitate marriage
The marriage of a widow to a near relative of her deceased husband.
patrilineal descent
The paternal line of the family or family and their children.
What is system that American refer to as and why is not w ww is the day www is the best way to
The system that most Americans follow is referred to as the Eskimo system, a name that comes from the old way of referring to the Inuit, an indigenous people of the Arctic
Inheritance; Burma or Myanmar
The youngest daughter is the caretaker of the parents other children marry out and will have to support themselves
unilineal descent
descent that establishes group membership exclusively through either the male or female line
What are other system in which families refer to everyone
different terms for father's elder brother, younger brother, grandparents on either side and so on. Each pattern was named for a cultural group in which this pattern was found.
Who do individual live with in Croatia
They are more likely to live with their father's extended family and inherit more from father family. They are still very close to their mother.
In the Iroquois language why the words that were used to describe mother or cousin important
They indicated rights and responsibilities associated with that particular family member both within the household and the larger community.
What do matrilineal societies do for women
They tend to give women mote freedom to make choices about sex and marriage. Children ate members of the mother kinship no matter if she is married.
Families system in Slavonia from 17th to 19 centuries
They were refer to as zadruzi or zadguda which singular. They sometimes had up to 100 members through blood and marriage. They were like small towns with specialist in the household
Example of avunculocal residence
Trobriand Island in Papa New Guinea. In families where there was position of authority or significant wealth it was common for a young man to go live with or near his uncles. They pass on important magical knowledge and political positions through the mother lineage. The chief maternal nephew would inherit the position
Affinal
a kinship relationship established through marriage and/or alliance, not through biology or common descent.
bilateral descent
a kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.
patrilocal residence
a residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the husband's father's place of residence. This is common around the world because it creates larger families for larger household because its multigenerational. It also helps farming economy.
matrilocal residence
a residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the wife's mother's place of residence. This is typically less common. Quite a few Native American groups practice this including Navajo and Hopi in the Southwest. Also, Iroquois practice this in the Great land region.
matrilineal descent
a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family
non-conjugal family
a woman and her children; the husband/father may be occasionally present or completely absent.
In Croatia refer to their uncle on their mom and dad side as well as their wives and the same for their aunt.
his aunts and uncles stric and strina if they are his father's brothers and their wives. He will call his mother's brothers and their wives ujak and ujna. The words tetka or tetak can be used to refer to anyone who is a sister of either of his parents or a husband of any of his parents' sisters. The third category, tetka or tetak, has no reference to "side" of the family; all are either tetka or tetak.
Consanguineal
kinship connections based on descent
neolocal residence
living arrangement in which a married couple sets up residence separate from either spouse's family. They goal is to usually to move away therefore, they can focus on their new relationship and be independent.
Exogamy
marriage between people of different social categories
Endogamy
marriage between people of the same social category
Is Navajo society matriarchal or patriarchal?
matriarchal
Dowry
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage
avunculocal residence
system under which a married couple lives with the husband's mother's brother.
families of orientation
the families into which individuals are born and raised
family of procreation
the family group created when one reproduces and within which one rears children
Bridewealth
the gift of goods or money from the groom's family to the bride's family as part of the marriage procession
Stem family
the household formed by one grown child remaining in the family home with his or her parents
sororal polygyny
the marriage of a man to two or more sisters at the same time
kinship terminology
the words used to identify different categories of kin in a particular culture.
