week 7 cyu
In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.
29.1 million
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Obesity
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits.
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds.
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.
acute
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury.
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis.
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis.
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production.
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
blood or semen.
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea.
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema.
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
cholecystectomy.
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol.
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.
Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from
decreased myoinositol transport.
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus.
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis.
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction.
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer.
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices.
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called
glycogenolysis.
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.
hemolysis
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia
A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is
hypoglycemia.
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia.
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism.
Surgical removal of a gland may result in
hyposecretion.
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
hypothyroidism.
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
increased blood ammonia levels.
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet.
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is
insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure.
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
is inhibited by iodine deficiency.
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
kernicterus.
The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.
less than 180
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease.
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women.
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.
mortality
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis.
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality.
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display
normal birth length and weight.
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate.
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts.
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control.
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
pancreatic β-cell destruction.
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis.
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium.
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly.
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.
steady and boring
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis.
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor
A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
tremors
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of
Graves disease.
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
