WILEY PLUS PRE FOR EXAM 3

After viewing the module, Humid Subtropical Hot-Summer Climate (Cfa Cwa), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Where is the Humid Subtropical Climate located?

20-40º latitude on the eastern side of continents.

Low latitude or tropical climates are identified by which Köppen letter?

A

After viewing the module, Humid Subtropical Hot-Summer Climate (Cfa Cwa), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. How much precipitation does the Humid Subtropical Climate receive during the summer?

A great deal, because the subtropical high is bringing air over warm, humid water.

After viewing the module, The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change, in the section, Human Interactions and Future Climate Change, answer the following question. How does a greenhouse warm the air inside the structure?

It traps longwave radiation from the Sun.

If an ice core yields a greater number of O-18 than expected, which of the following can be best inferred from that section of core?

It was warmer.

After viewing the module, The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change, in the section, Human Interactions and Future Climate Change, answer the following question. How have humans interacted with the carbon cycle? (Select all that apply.)

The energy source for most industrial activity is fossil fuels. We have transferred carbon buried deeply in the ground to the atmosphere

After viewing the module, Remote Sensing and Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. The band of clouds stretching east to west across low latitudes of the Earth represents:

The ITCZ

After viewing the module, Humid Subtropical Hot-Summer Climate (Cfa Cwa), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which weather system dominates the Humid Subtropical Climate during the summer?

The Subtropical High

After viewing the module, Marine West-Coast Climates (Cfb, Cfc), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which of the following statements accurately explains the transformation of air as it ascends the windward side of the Cascades?

The air cools to the dew point temperature.

After viewing the module, The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change, in the section, Human Interactions and Future Climate Change, answer the following question. According to future climate projections, where is warming expected to be most noticeable by the year 2100?

The high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

After viewing the module, Marine West-Coast Climates (Cfb, Cfc), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which of the following statements logically explains why the storm track migrates north during the summer months?

The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun during the summer months.

Why are Mediterranean Climates dry in summer?

The subtropical highs are close enough to Mediterranean climate zones in summer to cause sinking motion which suppresses precipitation.

After viewing the module, Global Climates, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which one of the following are characteristics of all tropical climates?

They are influenced most strongly by Hadley Cells.

Which of the following is true of Marine West Coast climates? (Select all that apply.)

They are wet all year-round. They are dominated by mP air masses.

Which of the following is true of ecosystems?

They involve energy and nutrients.

Which of the following applies to dendrochonologists?

They use cross dating to connect living trees with dead trees. They have reconstructed chronology going back over 9000 years. They study tree rings.

After viewing the module, The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change, in the section, Human Interactions and Future Climate Change, answer the following question. Which one of the following statements is true about concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide between 1000 years ago and the onset of the industrial revolution?

They were consistently about 270 ppm during that period of time.

After viewing the module, The Milankovitch Theory, in the section, Causes of Past Climate Change, answer the following question. When Earth's orbit becomes more eccentric, at what season (Northern Hemisphere) is it farthest from the Sun?

summer

After viewing the module, The Tropical Savanna (Aw) Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. The wet season in the Tropical Savanna Climate is:

summer

The second letter in the Köppen classification system (f, s, w) refers to which of the following?

the seasonal distribution of rainfall

After viewing the module, Photosynthesis and Respiration, in the section, The Process of Photosynthesis, answer the following question.Plants receive water necessary for photosynthesis from __________.

the soils

Which climate variable explains the local proximity of cool, wet climate near a warm, dry climate?

topographic effects

Which of the following is a factor that helps determine the climate characteristics of a region on a local scale?

topographic effects

Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect primarily because it

traps longwave radiation emitted by the Earth.

The climate of Nome, Alaska, shown below, is

tundra

The climate along the northern coast of North America and Eurasia and coastal Greenland is

tundra.

After viewing the module, The Milankovitch Theory, in the section, Causes of Past Climate Change, answer the following question. The axial tilt of Earth varies between 24.5Вє and 22.1Вє from perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. What does this mean?

That when the Earth is at min tilt (22.1º), glaciation is most likely.

After viewing the module, Remote Sensing and Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. On an infrared image, bright white clouds represent

Cold, high clouds

Which of the following is true of biomass?

It is the amount of stored chemical energy.

After viewing the module, Marine West-Coast Climates (Cfb, Cfc), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which of the following accurately describes why eastern Washington and Oregon are located in the rainshadow of the Cascade Mountains?

Air descends and compresses on the eastern side of the Cascade Mountains.

After viewing the module, Marine West-Coast Climates (Cfb, Cfc), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. The heavy precipitation of the Marine West-Coast Climate is limited to the narrow band of land west of the Cascade Mountains. Why is the area east of the Cascades so different?

Air from the Pacific descends, warms & dries on the eastern slopes of the Cascades.

After viewing the module, Global Climates, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which one of the following choices is associated with midlatitude climates?

An atmospheric jet stream greatly influences the climate in these areas.

Which of the following is a climate of the Mojave Desert according to the Köppen Climate System?

Arid- Semi Arid Savannah

The dry-winter varieties of the humid continental climates are generally found in

Asia

Which of the following lists the general order (from left to right) of Köppen climates from the Equator to the Poles for the Northern Hemisphere?

A—B—C—D—E

Subtropical and midlatitude, dry climates are identified by which Köppen letter?

B

Which of the following primary Köppen letters is the only primary letter based on the amount of precipitation instead of temperature?

B

Annual precipitation of less than 76 cm or 30 in. characterizes which Köppen climate type?

B climates

In the humid subtropical hot-summer climate of the southeastern United States, the feature that pumps warm, moist air from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico is the

Bermuda High.

Which of the following is true about the difference between weather and climate?

Climate is based on long-term conditions of temperature and precipitation.

Which of the following explains the major difference between Köppen C and Köppen D climates?

D climates have a milder summer and harsher winter than C climates.

A city with a cold midlatitude steppe (BSk) climate is

Denver, Colorado.

High-latitude climates are identified by which Köppen letter?

E

What is true about the study of pollen records?

Each plant produces microscopic pollen that is unique in shape and size.

After viewing the module, Remote Sensing and Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. When the cool Humboldt Current weakens in the southeast Pacific Ocean, and water in the eastern Pacific warms, what is the name of the phenomenon?

El Nino

In terms of the carbon cycle, which of the following is true of the transfer of carbon from the inactive zone of the cycle to the active zone?

Fossil fuel combustion is the primary nonnatural mechanism of inactive carbon transfer.

After viewing the module, Humid Subtropical Hot-Summer Climate (Cfa Cwa), in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. How does the Humid Subtropical Climate receive precipitation during the winter?

From midlatitude cyclones passing through the region.

The most complicated type of mathematically-based computer model to predict climatic change is called a(n)

GCM.

Why do the leaves of plants appear green?

Green light wavelengths are more actively reflected by plant leaves.

Which of the following is true of atmospheric carbon dioxide?

Human activities have increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

After viewing the module, Remote Sensing and Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. In remote sensing, we get information from:

Images taken from planes and satellites

How does the dry season in tropical savanna climates differ from the dry season in tropical monsoon climates?

In tropical savanna climates, it is longer and also occurs in winter.

After viewing the module, The Milankovitch Theory, in the section, Causes of Past Climate Change, answer the following question. The slow circling of the Earth's axis as it revolves around the Sun (precession) causes what effect?

It causes Earth's seasons to vary in terms of their location in orbit around the Sun.

What is true about the Thornthwaite climate system?

It focuses on the local scale.

After viewing the module, Reconstructing Past Climates Using Oxygen Isotopes, in the section, Reconstructing Past Climates, answer the following question. What does it mean if the amount of O-18 in glacial ice increases during a period of time?

It is a warm period of time.

After viewing the module, Reconstructing Past Climates Using Oxygen Isotopes, in the section, Reconstructing Past Climates, answer the following question. Why does the ratio of O-18 to O-16 decrease in ice sheets during glacial periods?

Less energy exists to lift O-18 from seawater through evaporation.

After viewing the module, Global Climates, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. What is the primary difference between marine and continental climates?

Marine climates have a narrower annual range of temperature than continental climates

After viewing the module, Global Climates, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Which of the following are included within a climograph?

Monthly precipitation and temperature.

What is true about the study of tree ring patterns as proxy climate data?

Narrow spacing of tree rings indicates cooler or drier conditions.

After viewing the module, Reconstructing Past Climates Using Oxygen Isotopes, in the section, Reconstructing Past Climates, answer the following question. Which of the following helps explain the science of oxygen isotope ratios and climate change?

O-16 is preferentially evaporated because it has lower atomic weight than O-18.

After viewing the module, The Tropical Savanna (Aw) Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. The Hadley Cell:

Rises over the ITCZ and falls over the STH.

After viewing the module, Reconstructing Past Climates Using Oxygen Isotopes, in the section, Reconstructing Past Climates, answer the following question. Which one of the following statements is true about oxygen isotopes and climate change?

Seawater contains more O-16 than O-18.

After viewing the module, The Tropical Savanna (Aw) Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. In the Northern Hemisphere, as you travel north through the Tropical Savanna Climate, what would you see?

Vegetation would become less dense, smaller, and grassier.

After viewing the module, The Milankovitch Theory, in the section, Causes of Past Climate Change, answer the following question. The most recent glaciation, lasting from approximately 70,000 BP until 15,000 BP was the ________ Glaciation.

Wisconsin

What is an ecosystem?

a community of organisms that interact in interdependent ways

If palynology discovers a shift from spruce to oak to grasses, what can be inferred?

a gradual warming and drying

Which of the following influences climate characteristics of a region resulting from the two main types of surfaces on Earth?

maritime/continental relationships

Which of the following is a cause of past climate fluctuations?

all of these

What organisms make their own food from light energy or chemical energy without eating?

autotrophs

Why does the presence of the ITCZ result in a large amount of rainfall?

because warm, moist air rises at the ITCZ

What is an indicator of plant productivity and reflects the amount of chemical energy stored within living organisms?

biomass

After viewing the module, Photosynthesis and Respiration, in the section, The Process of Photosynthesis, answer the following question.Photosynthesis in green plants is the reaction of ___________, ____________, and _______________. (Select all that apply.)

carbon dioxide, light energy, water

After viewing the module, Photosynthesis and Respiration, in the section, The Process of Photosynthesis, answer the following question.During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO2) is fixed as ______________.

carhbohydrates

The interpretation method that enables extension of tree ring dates back in time is called

cross dating.

Which of the following is the name given to the Köppen C climate?

mesothermal

Carbon-based energy sources such as gasoline and coal that are derived from ancient organisms are called

fossil fuels

What is not one of the primary or secondary factors that influences the geographic distribution of vegetation?

geomorphology

What is not one of the components of any particular ecosystem?

herbivore farms or large-scale breeding of animals that consume plants

The climate of the location in Austria shown below is

highland

The climate of western Peru, central Ethiopia, Switzerland, and Nepal is

highland.

After viewing the module, The Tropical Savanna (Aw) Climate, in the section, Geography of Koppen Climates, answer the following question. Just poleward from the Tropical Savanna Climate is which climate?

hot low latitude desert

The climate of Moscow, Russia, shown below, is

humid continental cool-summer.

The climate of McMurdo Station, Antarctica, shown below, is

ice cap

The climate of central Greenland and Antarctica is

ice cap

The climograph with the line graph below freezing and short to absent bars is

ice cap

Select all of the following that are used to reconstruct past climates.

ice cores the work of palynologists dendrochronology fossil evidence

In the context of the carbon cycle, where is most of the carbon stored?

in marine sediments

After viewing the module, Photosynthesis and Respiration, in the section, The Process of Photosynthesis, answer the following question.As light energy increases, net photosynthesis ____________.

increases then decreases

After viewing the module, Photosynthesis and Respiration, in the section, The Process of Photosynthesis, answer the following question.Net photosynthesis will increase with increased temperatures until _________________.

it peaks because of increased plant respiration

Which of the following determines the climate characteristics of a region according to the Earth-Sun geometric relationship? (Select all that apply.)

latitude seasonality

The climate of Munich, Germany, is

marine west-coast.

Which of the following refers to the variation in the Earth's path around the Sun and its influence on past climate fluctuations?

orbital eccentricity

Which of the following is the science that studies ancient plant pollen as proxy data for climate change?

palynology

Which of the following are characteristics of tundra climates?

perrinal ice

Palynology relies on the premise that

pollen can be used as an indicator of past climates.

What does palynology use to reconstruct climate?

pollen grains

What could explain a Köppen B climate that occurs on one side of mountain but not the other?

rain shadow effect

Which climate variable is critical to explain the character and distribution of global climates as it relates to the changing Sun angle?

seasonality

Which of the following is a by-product of plant photosynthesis?

sugars

Which of the following are required for photosynthesis to occur?

water, solar energy, carbon dioxide