WILL PASS :)
Returns the number of items in the list
GetLength(list)
Returns the number of items in the queue
GetLength(queue)
Executing the statements: address = '900 University Ave' address[0] = '6' address[1] = '2' is a valid way to change address to '620 University Ave'.
In-place modification of string variables is not allowed.
Inserts x after w
InsertAfter(list, w, x)
Returns true if list has no items
IsEmpty(list)
Returns true if queue has no items
IsEmpty(queue)
is a data structure that stores an ordered list of items in nodes, where each node stores data and has a pointer to the next node.
a linked list
is a tree that maintains the simple property that a node's key is greater than or equal to the node's childrens' keys.
a max heap
is a tree that maintains the simple property that a node's key is less than or equal to the node's childrens' keys.
a min heap
an underscore
is considered to be a letter.
A variable
is used to remember a value for later use
Reserved words are also known as
keywords
Find the length of the list.
len(list)
Sequence type: A mutable container with ordered elements.
list
Common supported ADTs Python
list, set, dict, deque
The first array element is accessed using array[0], but the first linked list item is accessed using
list->head. So, different algorithms are needed for an array and linked list.
Count the number of occurrences of the value val in list.
list.count(val)
Find the index of the first element in list whose value matches val.
list.index(val)
Produce a new list by concatenating list2 to the end of list1.
list1 + list2
Find the element in list with the largest value.
max(list)
Find the element in list with the smallest value.
min(list)
Write an expression that accesses the first character of the string my_country.
my_country[0]
* and / have precedence over + so will be evaluated first. * and / have equal precedence
so are evaluated left-to-right, despite what the original spacing implied.
The two operators have equal precedence,
so the interpreter evaluates left-to-right.
Find the sum of all elements of a list (numbers only).
sum(list)
a built-in function id()
that gives the value of an object's identity.
Knowledge of an ADT's underlying implementation is needed to analyze the runtime efficiency.
true
Python, C++, and Java all provide built-in support for a deque ADT. True False
true
Common supported ADTs C++
vector, list, deque, queue, stack, set, map
x is a key in the dict my_dict
x in my_dict
x is less than y but greater than z
z < x < y
A literal
is a specific value in code like 2 or "abc".
Returns but does not remove item at the front of the queue
Peek(queue)
Returns and removes item at front of queue
Pop(queue)
Sorts the lists items in ascending order list becomes: 77, 99
Sort(list)
KeyError occurs
if a requested key does not exist in the dictionary.
An operator
is a symbol for a built-in language calculation like + for addition.
num_dogs is either less-than or greater-than num_cats
!=
python is case sensitive, so
"cat" and "Cat" are different.
2 times x is less than 100
(2*x) < 100
x is an even integer
(x % 2) == 0
Arithmetic operators look like
+ * // /
% has precedence over
+ so is evaluated first.
Inserting an item at the beginning of a 999-item linked list requires how many items to be shifted?
0
Inserting an item at the end of a 999-item array requires how many items to be shifted?
0
Inserting an item at the end of a 999-item linked list requires how many items to be shifted?
0
x is a non-negative number less than 100.
0 <= x < 100
Inserting an item at the beginning of a 999-item array requires how many items to be shifted?
999
x is not more than y (using just relational operators)
<=
is an ADT for storing items in which the order does not matter and duplicate items are allowed.
A bag
is an ADT in which items can be inserted and removed at both the front and back.
A deque
s an ADT that associates (or maps) keys with values.
A dictionary
is a data structure that stores unordered items by mapping (or hashing) each item to a location in an array.
A hash table
is an ADT for holding ordered data.
A list
is a queue where each item has a priority, and items with higher priority are closer to the front of the queue than items with lower priority.
A priority queue
is an ADT in which items are inserted at the end of the queue and removed from the front
A queue
is an ADT for a collection of distinct items.
A set
is an ADT in which items are only inserted on or removed from the top
A stack
Executing the statements: address = '900 University Ave' address = '620 University Ave' is a valid way to change address to '620 University Ave'.
A string variable can be reassigned to a new string.
Identity
A unique identifier that describes the object.
represents an item in a graph.
A vertex
Inserts x at end of list
Append(list, x)
Items are not ordered. Duplicate items are allowed.
Bag
Reserved words
Certain words, like "and" or "True" can not be used as names. and thus cannot be used as a programmer-defined name
Common supported ADTs Java
Collection, Set, List, Map, Queue, Deque
Items are ordered based on how items are added. Duplicate items are allowed.
List
The list ['a', 'b', 3] is invalid because the list contains a mix of strings and integers.
Lists can contain mixes of types.
Inserts x at start of list
Prepend(list, x)
Prints list's items in order
Print(list)
Prints list's items in reverse order
PrintReverse(list)
Items are ordered based on items' priority. Duplicate items are allowed.
Priority Queue
Inserts x at end of the queue
Push(queue, x)
Remove(list, x)
Removes x
Returns item if found, else returns null
Search(list, x)
Items are not ordered. Duplicate items are not allowed.
Set
Both the array and linked list have a length subitem.
The algorithm to return the size just return that length subitem.
Type:
The type of the object, such as integer or string.
is a data structure in which each node stores data and has up to two children, known as a left child and a right child.
a binary tree
Division always returns a
a float type
is a data structure for representing connections among items, and consists of vertices connected by edges.
a graph
is the data structure that stores subitems, often called fields, with a name associated with each subitem.
a record
is a data structure that stores an ordered list of items, where each item is directly accessible by a positional index.
an array
A floating-point literal using scientific notation is written using
an e preceding the power-of-10 exponent, as in 6.02e23 to represent 6.02x1023. The e stands for exponent. Likewise, 0.001 is 1x10-3 so can be written as 1.0e-3.
represents a connection between two vertices in a graph.
an edge
Strings are immutable. Once created, they can not be changed. To update a string variable,
an entire new string must be assigned to the variable.
New elements are added to a list using the list method
append()
An assignment statement like num_apples = 8
assigns the name on the left side to reference the value on the right side.
Mutability
indicates whether the object's value is allowed to change, and is explored in another section.
An expression
is a combination of items such as variables, literals, and operators that evaluates to a value. An example is: 2 * (num + 1). If num is 4, then the expression evaluates to 2 * (4 + 1), or 10.
A name, also called an identifier
is a sequence of letters (a-z, A-Z, _) and digits (0-9), and must start with a letter.
Mapping type: A container with key-values associated elements.
dict
What character is in index 2 of the string "America"?
e
The underlying data structure for a list data structure is the same for all programming languages.
false
ADTs are only supported in standard libraries. True False
false third-party libraries, which are not built in to the programming language standard, implement
Add a price to the end of the list with a value of '$1,000,000'.
house_prices.append('$1,000,000')
Assign my_var with the last character in my_str. Use a negative index.
my_var = my_str[-1]
A tuple behaves similar to a list but is immutable
once created the tuple's elements can not be changed.
Elements can be removed using the
pop() or remove() methods.
Print the length of the string first_name.
print(len(first_name))
built-in function type()
prints the type of an object.
