Women and Gender Midterm
What is intersectionality?
"Intersectionality is an analytic sensibility, a way of thinking about identity and its relationship to power. Originally articulated on behalf of black women, the term brought to light the invisibility of many constituents within groups that claim them as members, but often fail to represent them" module 1 slides. by Kimberlé Crenshaw. One identity affected by others. For example, one's immigrant experience is affected by their skin color or perceived ethnicity
After traveling from Michigan to the NAWSA convention in 1899 using the segregated railroad system, one delegate proposed a resolution to end Jim Crow policies. The convention's presiding officer rejected the delegate's proposal, stating: "We women are a helpless disfranchised class. Our hands are tied. While we are in this condition, it is not for us to go passing resolutions against railroad corporations or anybody else." Who proposed the resolution? _________________________________ (delegate's name) Who rejected it? ____________________________________________ (presiding officer's name)
(delegate) Lottie Jackson; Susan B. Anthony (presiding officer)
Who is Margret Sanger?
-1916 Coined the term "birth control" & opened first U.S. Birth Control Clinic in 1916 -1921 she founded the ABCL -Became closely associated with Eugenics philosophy: "More children from the fit, less from the unfit." -1922, she wrote Women and the New Race -1930 organized clinic in Harlem staffed by all Black Doctors and approved by W.E.B. DuBois -Credited for starting Planned Parenthood Margaret
what are the "I's of Oppression" (four levels of oppression)
-Ideological -Institutional(cultural & structural) -Interpersonal -Internalized Ex: Heteronormativity is the Ideology. Heterosexism is the institutionalized valuing of heterosexual relationships. This leads to homophobia towards interpersonal relationships people. LGBTQ+ people who have internalized homophobia have not made peace with their own identity
Which best describes the overlapping epistemology of Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz and Dorothy Allison
An epistemology that is critical of the way class stratification reproduces racism. Epistemology= the theory of knowledge
Which person is not a representative of first wave feminism?
Angela Davis. First wave: mid 1800s to 1920 Second: 1960s to 1980s Third: 90s to present
When Rebecca Walker asks: "Can a woman's experience undermine a man's career? Can a woman's voice, a woman's sense of self-worth and injustice, challenge a structure predicated on the subjugation of our gender?" Walker was referring to the experience of _______________________________ who testified in Senate hearings in opposition to the Supreme Court Nomination of _________________________________ .
Anita Hill; Clarence Thomas https://cofc.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/244305/viewContent/3015579/View
Who is Audre Lorde?
Audre Lorde was an American writer, feminist, womanist, librarian, and civil rights activist. She was a self-described "black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet, " who dedicated both her life and her creative talent to confronting and addressing injustices of racism, sexism, classism, heterosexism, and homophobia. essay #20
The first Female Anti-Slavery Society was formed by... Davis
Black Women in Salem, Massachusetts in 1832
Patricia Hill Collins suggests that there are three groups of people (or 3 standards of thought) that scholars who are attempting to produce Black feminist thought must consider to ensure that their work is validated. Which group of people is NOT a group mentioned by Hill-Collins for this purpose?
Black religious leaders
Prudence Crandall's defiant acts against racist social norms in education took place during a period of much political unrest in the U.S. What was the location and era of Crandall's actions:
Connecticut, 1830s
Resolution at Seneca Falls
Douglass succeeded in amending a resolution defining delegates so that it would be "understood 'to include women,' " an amendment that was carried "with three cheers for women's rights!"
Who was Lottie Jackson
During her train trip to the convention Lottie Jackson had suffered the indignities of the railroads' segregationist policies. Her resolution was very simple: "That colored women ought not to be compelled to ride in smoking cars, and that suitable accommodations should be provided for them.
what is Egalitarianism
Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds from the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or moral status.
Which best describes Eli Clare's characterization of health care for people with disabilities and for transgender people?
Eli Clare believes both groups need to challenge medicalized diagnoses of their identities and seek civil rights rather than "cures."
Margret Sanger said "morons, defectives, illiterates, and prostitutes, should be surgical sterilized". what movement is this apart of? Davis
Eugenics movement, she wanted only white middle class healthy people only in America, white supremacy.
This Black author and poet and leading advocate for women's suffrage appealed to her white sisters during a speech at the last convention of the Equal Rights Association. She asked them to support her people's struggle for liberation by endorsing the 15th Amendment to grant Black men the right to vote. Davis
Frances E.W. Harper
Which best describes Angela Davis' understanding of the tragedy of the battle over the 15th Amendment?
Frederic Douglas' vision of the Black vote as a quasi-panacea for Black liberation may have encouraged the racist rigidity of white suffragists.
"During those early days when women's rights were not yet a legitimate cause, when women suffrage was unfamiliar and unpopular as a demand, _______________________________ publicly agitated for the political equality of women." This person was the only one to agree with Elizabeth Cady Stanton that the suffrage resolutions should be introduced at the Seneca Fall Convention. This person was the editor of the North Star. Davis
Frederick Douglas
who was Daniel Moynihan
Gutman has dethroned the Black Matriarchy thesis popularized by Daniel Moynihan et al. 8 in 1965, which —directly linked the contemporary social and economic problems of the Black community to a putatively matriarchal family structure. The Moynihan Report was a call to introduce male authority (meaning male supremacy of course!) into the Black family and the community at large. He said that slavery had effectively destroyed the Black family. As a result, Black people were left with "the mother-centered family with its emphasis on the primacy of the mother-child relation and only slender ties to a man."
Which best describes Annita Lucchesi's (Southern Cheyenne) experience collecting data on vanishing Native American women?
Her efforts have been stifled because of the confusing jurisdictional issues and lack of coordination between tribal, federal and local law enforcement agencies.
which government agency should be held accountable in sterilization in Georgia recently?
ICE needs to be abolished and mistreatment of immigrants
Which feminist freedom-fighter had a close but contentions relationship with Susan B. Anthony, founded the Black Women's Suffrage Club, and dedicated much of her life to investigating, documenting and publishing the horrors of wide-spread late-19th century lynchings. Davis
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
who was Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett was an American investigative journalist, educator, and an early leader in the civil rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Indigenous Feminism--Which authors are Indigenous feminists and what did they write about?
If ecofeminists truly want to engage with Indigenous feminism, they must first engage with their own privilege as settlers. Indigenous peoples don't need savior feminists defining what strategies must be used to address environmental contamination within Indigenous communities. -Lindsay Nixon
what is Social Location
Individuals can understand how they are situated within the power dynamics of society only by locating themselves within the historical and contemporary social forces that shape their lives. A person's social location incorporates individual, family, community, societal and global factors
what is Intersex
Intersex people are individuals born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones or genitals that, they "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies"
the chicago organization who help with abortions when it wasn't legal was... Davis
JANE organization
The Sin by Silence legislation was inspired by the activists featured in a documentary by the same name. Which best describes the results of the efforts of these activists?
Laws were established to ensure that victims of domestic violence incarcerated before 1996 could file for resentencing and require the parole board to factor in evidence of abuse when reviewing the cases of survivors.
Two groups of 19th century women invoked the imagery of slavery to change their social conditions. While Davis urges caution on any group comparing themselves to enslaved people and the egregious and violent treatment they endured, she suggests that one group was more justified in using the metaphor than others. Which group is more justified in her view?
Mill workers. pg 33
what was the Women's Christian Temperance Union
Not only was opposition to individual lynchings stifled—for who would dare to defend a rapist?—white support for the cause of Black equality in general began to wane. By the end of the nineteenth century the largest mass organization of white women—the Women's Christian Temperance Union— was headed by a woman who publicly vilified Black men for their alleged attacks on white women. What is more, Frances Willard went so far as to characterize Black men as especially prone to alcoholism, which in turn exacerbated their instinctual urge to rape.
Who were the Grimke sisters? Davis
Of all the pioneering women abolitionists, it was the Grimke sisters from South Carolina —Sarah and Angelina—who most consistently linked the issue of slavery to the oppression of women.
The woman interviewed by Cindy Rodriguez who identifies as a Bruja offered her perspective on the history, practice and popularity of Brujeria. Which statement is true of her positionality and expressed situated knowledge on the subject?
She is a descendant of a Santeria Priestess from Latin America and is empowered to see that Bruja has become an all-encompassing term for Latinx feminism. (podcast)
What did Daisy Hernandez realize that she missed once she started dating women?
She missed having conversations with her mom and aunts about her love life.
Which best describes the "shedding of whiteness" that Kaye/Kantrowitz calls for within Jewish communities?
She wants Jews to fight anti-Semitism and racism together and to unite with people of color against race-hate.
The person gave a famous speech in 1851 in Akron, Ohio and according to Angela Davis was the only person able to "answer aggressively the male supremacist arguments of the boisterous provocateurs." This person had a voice like "rolling thunder" and used irrefutable logic, charisma and "powerful oratorical abilities" to make a convincing case for women's suffrage.
Sojourner Truth
Who is Tarana Burke?
Tarana Burke is an American activist from The Bronx, New York who started the Me Too movement. In 2006, Burke began using metoo to help other women with similar experiences to stand up for themselves.
What event took place in 1848 and was described by Angela Davis as very important for expressing "the articulated consciousness of women's rights at mid-century," but also limited in its ability to address the "circumstances of women outside the social class" of the women organizing the event?
The Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls, New York
what is Black Feminist Thought (PHC) or Black feminist epistemology
The existence of Black feminist thought suggests another alternative to the ostensibly objective norms of science and to relativism's claims that groups with competing knowledge claims are equal (74).
According to Sara Daise's research, who claimed that Black people "require less sleep" than white people?
Thomas Jefferson https://cofc.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/244305/viewContent/3044654/View
Which of the following attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people is NOT on the positive end of Dorothy Riddle's attitude scale?
Tolerance Bad: repulsion, pity, tolerance, acceptance Good: support, admiration, appreciation, nuturance
Which best describes Loan Tran's perspective on trans feminism?
Trans feminism can be practiced by anyone willing to rigorously center anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist analysis while valuing compassion, nuance and change.
Which piece of 19th century popular literature does Angela Davis claim was an utter distortion of slavery, and a naive misrepresentation of the realities of enslaved Black women?
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Who was susan brownmiller
When Brownmiller's book Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape was published, it was effusively praised in some circles. Time magazine, which selected her as one of its women of the year in 1976, described the book as "... the most rigorous and provocative piece of scholarship that has yet emerged from the feminist movement." In other circles, however, the book has been severely criticized for its part in the resuscitation of the old racist myth of the Black rapist. 70s feminist reproductions of the myth of the Black rapist
who was Mary Talbert
When Mary Talbert and her Anti-Lynching Crusaders reached out to white women, they felt that white women could more readily identify with the Black cause by virtue of their own oppression as women. Besides, lynching itself, as a terrifying tool of racism, also served to strengthen male dominance
What is mysogyny?
Woman- hating attitudes (including transphobia towards transgender women) and behaviors; often based on reductive assumptions of how women should look or behave.
Who does Patricia Hill Collins mention as an example of a Black woman who was one of the first to defy Eurocentric, masculinist academic standards?
Zora Neale Hurston
Which best describes the social location of the person called "Lizzy" in Sara Daise's essay?
a formerly enslaved transgender woman https://cofc.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/244305/viewContent/3044654/View
What is Feminism
a movement to end sexism and all forms of domination and discrimination affecting people of all genders.
The film "The Birth of a Nation" was...
an early motion picture and example of propaganda that was a denigration of African Americans and led to a resurgence in white supremacist terrorist organizations.
According to Paula Gunn Allen, which societal value most aligns with a Native American worldview?
an egalitarian distribution of goods and power
Loan Tran says that we must examine the tactic that is often used by proponents of patriarchy, which reduces women's lives and experiences to mere biology. This tactic has led to the exclusion of trans people from feminist spaces and has also limited cisgender women from occupying positions traditionally held by cisgender men. We could call this tactic_____________________.
biological essentialism
As discussed in Chapter 4, writer Adrienne Rich was interested in how the patriarchy has produced what she called__________________________________, which compels women to redirect their focus away from the gender from which they have received the most emotional intimacy, physical nurturance and often passionate friendships during their upbringing, to instead serve masculinist interests as women.
compulsory heterosexuality. Adrienne Rich (in 1986) used the term "compulsory heterosexuality" to describe how dominant patriarchal institutions implicitly demand heterosexuality from women so that they will serve masculinist interests. page 140 txtbook
According to Angela Davis, Frances Willard's leadership in the Women's Christian Temperance Union served to...
exacerbate racism and suspicion against Black men. pg 109
In situations of abuse or oppression, what is the tactic called that leads victims to no longer trust their own judgment about things and to buy into the assertions of the manipulator, thus coming under their power and coercive control?
gaslighting
Two Spirit is best described as...
gender non-binary, transgender or non-heterosexual people within Native American/Indigenous communities. "Two Spirit is a role that existed in a Native American/First Nations/Indigenous tribe for gender queer, gender fluid, and gender non-conforming tribal members. If you don't have a tribe, you can't claim that role"
According to Robin DiAngelo, which of the following is NOT one of the supports for white supremacy used in her dock metaphor? video
integration what IS on the dock= miseducation, segregation, good/bad binary, individualism, universalism
"Women's studies arose out of feminist thinking and activism and values scholarly work that is relevant to activist concerns. Women's studies courses and projects seek to link _____________________, ____________________ and ____________________ forms of knowing with the goal of improving women's lives."
intellectual, experiential, and emotional. pg 12
which best describes supreme court law passed of Rovee Wade in 1973?
let women have abortions of privacy but states controls who get it.
Authors Kirk and Okazawa-Rey argue that oppression is related to systems of inequality and is a "group phenomenon, regardless of whether individuals in a group think they are oppressed or want to be in dominant positions." They use the phrase__________________to describe the interrelatedness of various forms of oppression; the fact that people may have privilege on certain dimensions and be disadvantaged on others; and to recognize both oppression and privilege as potentially powerful sources of resistance and change."
matrix of oppression, privilege, and resistance
Which of the things listed below is NOT one of the impacts that advertising tends to have on men (according to Jean Kilbourne, the kanopy video)
men are encouraged to share vulnerabilities and emotions with women
What are the four levels of analysis that the textbook authors use to illustrate connections between the personal and the political aspects of our lives?
micro, meso, macro, global
Patricia Hill Collins explains that when scholars make explicit connections between their identities/lived experiences and the theories they propose, this makes them...
more credible to her.
The concept feminists use to describe the "systemic organization of male supremacy," and a system organized around core values of control, domination and the gender binary of male and female as the only two genders is...
patriarchy
The concept used in the textbook to describe people who practice ethical and responsible non-monogamy is..... .
polyamory
Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a fierce advocate for the rights and protections of African Americans and women's suffrage. She published A Red Record, which documented over 10,000 lynchings that occurred:
primarily during the decades immediately following the civil war. between 1865 and 1895.
Which best describes the "digital feminism" mentioned by Nicola Henry and Anastasia Powell?
providing accessible information to victim-survivors of sexualized violence through online sites and social-marketing campaigns
the concept feminists use to relate health and reproduce rights to broader justice rights is...
reproductive justice
Which one of these forms of oppression (listed below) could also be discussed as "structural violence"?
slavery. (internalized oppression= members of oppressed group internalize ideology of culture, micro-aggressions)
Currently ______ is federally funded through Medicare and is free for low-income women, Davis
sterilization
putting 20th century abortion rights campaign, Davis says if legal and easily accessible birth control measures and abortions would have to be complemented by an end to... " what is she talking about ending?
sterilization abuse, if white women were more sensitive then reproductive rights would have changed for the better.
Black feminist epistemology, explained by Patricia Hill Collins, could best be described by which of the following:
subjugated and situated knowledge -Subjugated= Knowledge generated from positions of subordination within the hierarchies of the dominant culture. -Situated= allows for "situated knowledge" to produce theory and critical analysis of the dominant culture and systems of oppression.
Angela Davis discusses the case of Joan Little as a way of illustrating:
the reluctance of white women to follow the leadership of Black women in their critique of the criminal justice system during the anti-rape movement. pg 102
who is sarah deer?
the textbook states, "as well as being a means of patriarchal control, rape is also a tool of colonialism and racism (Deer 2015)" (p. 254).
In Chapter One of Women, Race and Class, Angela Davis wants us to pay attention to the family dynamics of enslaved families. Which best describes her claim about the gender dynamics within enslaved families?
they were mostly egalitarian (equal)
In her essay, "The Brown Girl's Guide to Labels," Mathangi Subramanian says that Chandra Mohanty expressed a type of feminism that resonated with the stories of her aunts, her mother and her grandmothers. What type of feminism was this?
third world feminism
If a man is commenting on the circumstances of a woman's sexual assault, and he suggests that she should not have been walking in a dark alley alone at night, this could be heard as a form of:
victim blaming
the first term for birth control was... Davis
voluntary motherhood, by Victoria
therodor Roosevelt talked about race suicide, what race is he referring to?
white americans were committing race suicide, if white women didn't reproduce then white would be outnumbered by diversity.
According to the textbook, by the 1980's , 24% of african american women, 35% purto rican women, and 42% native american women had been sterilized compared to 15% of ______ women.
white women. Pages 191-201 textbook
Which of the following is NOT a "macro-level" explanation of gendered violence?
women's promiscuity (sexual desires) -Micro= Personal and intimate relationships and interactions between people (usually family, friends, lovers, closest associates, roommates) -Meso= level social organizations and the interactions that take place there (in workplaces, schools, unions, neighborhoods, places of worship, political organizations) -Macro= Social institutions that shape society (the mass media, government/politics, law, economy, marriage, religions)
Who was Ruth Bader Ginsburg?
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder
The federal bill that seeks to ramp up data collection around missing Indigenous persons and improve protocols for investigation of crimes on reservation land is
Savannah's Act
