women's final exam: lecture

Lawless and fox chapter 9: The question that has been asking is _______

"do you think abortion should be legal in any, only certain circumstances, or illegal in all circumstance"

lecture: political culture for nordic phenomenon

"it takes a fishing village" hypothesis northern European countries have higher women representation less discrimination because fishing means men leave villages, the private and the public became one in the same women's suffrage in the nordic region dates back to the 18th century

Culture war: democratss were 10 to 15% more likely to say _______ but only 30-35% of democrats said that, and republicans were more likely to say _____ but only 20-25% of republicans said that

"legal under any circumstance"; "illegal in all circumstances"

The phrase ______ was born

"men just don't get it"

Culture war: Abortion should be legal but it is reasonable to regulate in various ways, most people are ______

"pro choice buts"

presentations: when was women's sexual liberation

1960's

lecture:when was women's movement 2

1960's-1970's

presentations: when did voting rights act pass

1965

what was a catalyst for african american womens increase in voter registration

1965 voting rights act

presentations: when did NOW foundation being

1966 after 2nd wave feminism started

when and why was NOW founded

1966 in response to concern that the discrimination provisions of the 1964 civil rights act and title VII were not being properly enforced

lecture:when did focus on ERA happen

1970's

lecture:Dixie Lee Ray

1976 - 1st Female governor of Washington

lecture:Geraldine Ferraro

1984 - First female Vice Presidential Candidate

lecture: when is women's movement 3

1990's-present

when did anita hill case happen

1991

lecture: anita hill thing

1991 clarence thomas nomiated to supreme court, previously worked for equal opportunity office anita hill claimed thomas sexually harassed her she complained and a journalist found out the judiciary committe decided not to hear her there was outrage in the house (barbara boxer, pat schroeder, eleanor norton) spoke on behalf of anita Rosa De Lauro was silenced went to speak to senate but was turned away committee allowed hill to testify

lecture: when was the year of the woman and why is it called that

1992; A 10% increase in women's representation in politics

what act made registering to vote easier

1993 National Voter Registration Act ("motor voter")

lecture:when was women's movement 1

19th - early 20th century

lecture: Hilda Solis

1st Latina to serve in the California State Senate in 1994, in 2009 became the first Hispanic woman to serve in the cabinet as Secretary of Labor

presentations: carol mosely braun

1st african american female senator

presentations: tammy duckworth

1st asian american woman to be elected to congress senator from illinois

lecture: janet reno

1st female Attorney General 1993

lecture: Madeleine Albright

1st female Secretary of State 1997

presentations: who is sandra day o'conner

1st female supreme court justice

presentations: sonia sotomayor

1st latin and 3rd woman to serve as supreme court justice

presentations: janet napolitano

1st woman to be appointed to department of homeland security

Women represented ____ of the 4,766 delegates to the democratic national convention

2,887

National Council of Women's Organizations has leaders from more than ______

200 orgs

when was the tea party wave

2010 midterms

when and what was the war against women

2012, laws restricting abortion, defunding planned parenthood Efforts to cover contraception under the affordable care act were met with objections, hearing excluding sandra fluke

The United Nations has set a global goal of achieving gender equality by ______

2030

___ women sought senate seats in 1992, compared to just__ in the previous election __ women entered the senate in 1992

22; 8; 4

From geraldine ferraro ___ of women agreed that ferraro candidacy made them more interested in politics

23%

lecture:in October 1991 ___ of women believed Anita Hill By January 1992 ___ of women believed Hill

24%; 38%

lecture: national average for state legislature percentage of women

25.4%

women engage in ___ political acts on average while men undertake ____

2; 2.3

presentations: ruth bader ginsberg

2nd women to be nominated to supreme court since 1993

in 2008, _____ people couldn't vote cuz there were ____

3 million; problems with their voting registration record

Culture war: Catholics support abortions in ____ circumstances

3.5

Culture war: in 2000 the red states supported abortion in __ circumstances, where blue states supported it in __ circumstances

3.5; 4

Lawless and fox chapter 9: ___ support abortion in cases of rape

3/4

chapter 10 lawless and fox: ____ of women said they would take time off work to raise children while only ___ of men said the same

3/4; 1/2

Lawless and fox chapter 9: ___ restriction cases have made thier way to the supreme court since 1975

30

In any election ____ of eligible population is not registered to vote by the deadline

30%

Lawless and fox chapter 9: ____ new abortion restrictions have been introduced from 2011 to 2016

334

____ of college educated women but only ____ of similarly educated men find politics too complicated to understand

61%; 36%

college educated individuals voted ____ whereas non college educated individuals voted ____

62.1%; 35.9%

in 2010 ____ of females cast ballot only ____ of men did

63.7%; 59.8%

____ of women in the US had experienced some form of street harassment, including verbal harassment, touching, following, flashing

65%

we are able to predict _____ of congressional outcomes by looking at facial appearance and inferences of competence based on that

65%

what is the gender gap in congressional elections

7 to 12 points

Okay so in 2008 56% of women voted for obama, 49% of men voted for obama, making the gender gap _______

7%

what is the gender gap in presidential elections between 1980 and 2012

7.8

___ women believe the country would be different if more women held powerful positions

7/10

A recent study by the International Labour Organization warned that without stronger measures, it will take ____ years to close the gender wage gap

70

___ of voters said trump's sexist behavior was a problem, but ____ of people who said that voted for him anyway

70%; 30%

Lawless and fox chapter 9: ___ of democrats like abortion, 60% of independents do too, only _____ of republicanss think abortion should be legal

70%; 38%

in 2012 ___ of black women voted while ___ of black men did

70%; 61% (a gap 6.5 points larger than the population)

___ of republicans and ___ of democrats say that abortion should be legal if the woman were to die

70%; 80%

only ___ of republican women supported trump, But trump ended up winning ____ of white republican women

72%; 91%

_____ of women said that sex did not make a difference when planning to vote for a woman

74%

for those between 65 and 74, ___ of men vote and ___ of women do

74%; 72%

____ americans out of 10 think we have gender equality in the constitution, and ___ out of 10 think we should have it

7;9

presentations: how many other women were in ruth bader ginsberg class at harvard

8

in 1980 ___ of men were registered and ___ of women were

80%; 77%

____ of women around the world have been harrassed before the age of 17

81.5%

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: by how many points are men more likely to favor republican candidates

9

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: by how many points are women more likely to support democratic candidates

9

in 2012,______more women cast votes than men

9.8 million

____ percent of voters in each party vote for that party's candidate

90

women account for ___ of all cosmetic procedures

92%

_____ of emily's contributors are women

94%

clinton won ____ of black women and ____ of latina votes

94%; 86%

Culture war: why does the idea that abortion underlines the gender gap become so common

Feminist groups have taken the lead in supporting abortion rights while evangelical groups have taken the lead in opposing abortion (headed by men)

Jane Mansbridge: having a left hander in deliberation

Learning perspectives can be impossible, a right hander can read about left handed experience but learning of the experience of others by those who have not themselves had those experiences is often not enough to promote effective deliberation either vertically between constituents and their representatives or horizontally among the representatives- those who are close to the issues have communicative and informational advantages

presentations: Donna Shalala ethnicity

Lebanese

presentations: bonnie watson coleman

first black woman to serve as a majority leader of the new jersey general assembly first black woman to represent the new jersey congress

presentations: madeline albright

first female secretary of state

presentations: nacy pelosi

first female speaker of the house and leader of democratic party

Tea party brings together _______

fiscal conservatism and social and religious conservatism

presentations: what might be Donna Shalala's future

flordia house of representations

Culture war: supreme court decision ____ public opinion

followed

presentations: why did carol mosely braun join politics

following anita hill

why do women give money

for ideological reasons - to support a cause rather than for economic reasons

where did Hill work

for thomas in the Equal Employment Opportunity commission that enforces anti discrimination policy

in 2016 ROger Ailes was

forced to resign as executive of Fox News following sexual harassment

Jane Mansbridge: members of the body should cast votes for each affected conflicting interest _______

in proportion to the number of such interest bearers in the population

presentations: where did maria cantwell work first

in the house of reps

only recently have we looked at adult experiences ______

including the workplace, as well as power of social a political and economic events to reshape attitudes and beliefs

For party women, _____ was the first priority

inclusion; Party women were interested in receiving equal rewards for equal service

Jane Mansbridge: what are descriptive representatives

individuals who's background and identity mirrors the constituents; denotes skin color and gender AND shared experiences (being a farmer, being from the area)

Young men attach more importance to the idea of _____

influencing the political structure than females

Young women assign ______ to the value of keeping up with political news and express less interest in holding elective office in the future

less importance

Culture war: Evangelical protestants differ from protestants by ____ circumstance

less than one

for those 55 and older, women voted ____ while men's voting ____

less; kept steady

presentations: michelle obama's let girls learn campaign

let girls learn internationally

lecture:what kind of feminism was women's movement 1

liberal feminism

Men are raised by women, when dealing with a woman men feel ______

like they are regressing to childhood

lecture: women are more informed on ____ than national and international issues

local

The female candidate _____ when even the mild sexist language was added to the attack. Support for her initially measured at 43% fell to ____ after the sexist taunts

lost support; 21%

lecture: traditional women

low sense of efficacy low control of life space low participation

Women's mean income is _____ than men's and women's personal share of family income is lower even in cases where both spouses work outside the home

lower

voter turnout in america is _____ than in other nations

lower

Terry (gender neutral) had a ____

lower chance of winning the presidency than brian but equal to karen's odds- terry was rated higher than karen

women are _____ not born

made

Republican women have not _____

made substantial electoral gains in congress or in state legislature

Providing girls with role models mentors and opportunities to practice politics before they reach adulthood ______

makes a positive difference in women's interest and political ambition

what forms of political engagement are men more active in

making campaign contributions, contacting a gov official, affiliation with a political organization

our data provide evidence that a gender-bias still exists in favor of _______

male presidential candidates

presentations: Planned Parenthood founder

margaret Sanger- all about eugenics but she came from a family of 11 kids and wanted women to have birth control

lecture:which researchers focus on classification and motivation of social movements

maslow and inglehart

presentations: nikkita oliver credentials

masters of education and lawyer degree

tinder match the vote

matching people to candidates, most people matched with clinton, bernie, and ted cruz

Those who come of age in more conservative periods ______

may also support feminist policies but are less likely to develop a feminist consciousness and support collective action

presentations: madeline albright failures

media sexist coverage callous reputation iraq statement hard stance on security

who is more likely to inflate voting rates

men

emma watson UN he for she

men and boys speak out against gender inequality

chapter 4 lawless and fox: how are women actually equal in a majority of campaigns

men and women are equal in that they are perceived in the same ways, and win races at equal rates

women voters outnumber ______

men at polls

lecture: what do women say about women's role in society and business

men by 2 points are more likely to say women should have equality in business

chapter 4 lawless and fox: during the campaign there was a focus on the shrillness of clinton's voice, but ____

men receive criticism on thier voice too

Anger in women is rational when they have to constantly filter ______

messages of powerlessness

Culture war: public opinion does not support ______ on each side

militants

what do men like in politics

military

Jane Mansbridge: critical mass

minority groups might need critical mass to enunciate positions and to convince others that the perspective is widely shared

what political ideology shows least implicit bias

moderates

presentations: who is important to ruth bader ginsberg from her family

mom- very jewish

lecture: women lag behind in raising _____

money

lecture: women are more likely to succeed in ____ political cultures

moralistic and individualistic

Culture war: men are ____ pro choice

more

Young women vote _____ than young men

more

black women vote _____ than men

more

chapter 4 lawless and fox: In contemporary congressional races women receive _____ news coverage

more

lecture: women vote ____ than men

more

lecture:Education and SES Hypotheses

more education means more voting higher economic status means more participation

men often perceive themselves to be ____

more informed about elections

Jane Mansbridge: African American constituents in districts represented by an African American legislator are ____ to contact their representative than African American constituents in districts represented by a White legislator

more likely

girls are ___ to wish that they were boys

more likely

Candidate facial appearance affects voters preferences and sex affects facial appearance; perhaps facial appearance and voter inferences have an impact on the electability of women. ______

Male faces are judges more mature, and mature faces are perceived as more competent, and perceptions of competence affects vote choice

lecture: women on foreign policy

more likely to say they don't have an opinion on foreign policy

men contribute _____ money

more money to political cause and candidates

young men express ambition for public office ____

more often

Jane Mansbridge: deliberative synergy

more representatives produce more insight

how many states allow online registering

more than half

for those under 45 women voted ____ as men's voting ____

more; declined

Men give _____ hours to the church than women do whereas women give _____ hours to _____ than men do

more; more; politicians

Jane Mansbridge: a moron should not represent _____

morons

presentations: nacy pelosi emphasised her role as a ____

mother

presentations: madeline albright's agents of socialization

munich conference- U.S. responsibility to get involved urged BUsh against the serbs during genocide in bosnia father 3rd wave feminism spread of liberal democracy

why don't people vote? give one reason

must register, and deal with a complex bureaucratic process

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Female incumbents were _______ with similar margins and at comparable rates as male incumbents

reelected

Culture war: opinion on abortion circumstances is divided on ____

regard to mothers age, financial condition, and marital status

today, women are more likely to ______

register to vote and to vote

For men anger _____ traditional gender stereotypes, for women it ______ them

reinforces; confounds

presentations: what has molded how Planned Parenthood is viewed

religious conservatism

lecture:The Religion Hypotheses

religious employed women are more likely to run for office women participate in churches and get experience

Jane Mansbridge: women cannot ____

represent all women

Jane Mansbridge: Surrogate representation

representation by legislators elected from other districts - Descriptive representation often plays the most useful role here, allowing representatives who are themselves members of a subordinate group to circumvent the strong barriers to communication between dominant and subordinate groups- black representatives are contacted by blacks throughout the region

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers

representative of washington spokane areas

Jane Mansbridge: introspective representation

representatives do what they themself think is the right policy for their constituents Voters them select representatives not to change the representatives behavior but by using descriptive characteristics

lecture:which researchers focus on how a social movement succeeds or fails

Mcarthy and Zald; Tald

lecture: what has changed more than women's voting patterns

Men's voting patterns have changed more, the gender gap is explained more by men's decline in voting and increase in being conservative

Men and women do not differ on their positions on abortion, but _______

the issue is more salient to mobilize women tho

why are women's contributions growing over time

More women are founding companies and retiring from businesses

lecture: women's movement 2, Cultural and Radical Groups shift policy focus to ______

reproduction and birth control

presentations: what party does sandra day o'conner belong to

republican

lecture: clayton williams

republican running for govenor of texas considered a shoo-in focused on fiscal stuff "rain is like rape, when it happens you should just sit back and enjoy it"

Culture war: Pro-choice groups have seized the gender gap and say that ______

republicans are out of step with american women

Electorate is equally split between _______

repubs dems and independent

Lawless and fox chapter 9: PP vs casey

required consent a day waiting period and parental consent for minors - a restriction is unconstitutional only if it imposes an undue burden on the woman

American Association of University Women provides _____

research, data, and info to members and reports on the wage gap and discrimination in the workplace have been key to advancing gender equity

lecture: what are the variables for success

resources ideology opportunity structure leadership strategies and tactics targets

Young women viewed voted as a ______, while men viewed it as a _______

responsibility; choice

presentations: hyde amendment

restricts government funding for abortion

Culture war: majority of american support _____

roe v wade

lecture: political rules and electoral systems hypothesis

rules of the game quotas- tied to increasing women's representation but it is not clear that quotas trickled down to other forms of political participation

presentations: what is chelsea manning doing now

running for maryland senator

presentations: what does the congressional caucus on black women and girls focus on

safety criminal justice system channel quality of health care for POC

presentations: janet yellen appointed to ____

san francisco fed - housing market instability

presentations: sandra day o'conner story from when she was young

saw a dad's friend beat up by husband and her family said to ignore it

Culture war: as many people deny that abortion is murder as as many people ______

say that it is

Those who want to work in politic office have gained leadership experience through ________

school or other apprentice organizations, have been encouraged to run by adults and peers, or believe that they can make a difference

Madeleine Albright generated controversy when she ____

scolded young women for not supporting clinton; "Young women are supporting bernie cuz boys are"

presentations: Donna Shalala

secretary of health and human services - longer serving

presentations: condoleezza rice

secretary of state

who did bush appeal to in 2004

security moms - married women with children

chapter 10 lawless and fox: Young Women said they see themselves in prestigious roles But young men are not as likely to ________

see themselves in traditional female roles

lecture: list the needs from bottom to top

self actualization (ability to be all you can be, morality, creativity) esteem (confidence, achievement) love/belonging safety (security of body, employment) physiological (food breathe sleep)

presentations: elizabeth warren

senator of massachusetts

presentations: kirsten gillibrand

senator of new york after hillary took secretary

presentations: in 98 clinton appointed sonia sotomayor to ____

serve on US court of appeals for the 2nd circuit partiipated in over 3,000 panel decisions

lecture: institutional quotas

setting aside seats in the legislature

lecture: what is the future feminist agenda

sexual harassment domestic violence

lecture: impetus for women's move ment 3

sexual harrassment domestic violence (violence against women acts 1994) transnational feminism LGBT movenment

presentations: kirsten gillibrand focuses on

sexual harrassment in military and politics wants to get all women into politcs

kids describe the ______ as normal

sexual hierarchy

Daily messages present in pop culture_____

shape women's identity ambitions and habits

presentations: 1960's sexual revolution

shift in sexual norms embracing female sexuality away from marriage

Culture war: not everyone who says that abortion is murder says it _______

should be illegal

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Over time justices have questioned if roe _____

should be overturned

after getting the vote women voted ______

similarly to men in small numbers

lecture: the u.s. electoral system

single member district, plurality system

lecture: what is the highest gap between women

single v. married

how did women enter the electorate after getting the vote

slowly

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: Rush limbaugh called sandra fluke a ____

slut

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: what was popular in the republican 2016 campaign

small government and less regulation

as the % of women who head households increases _____

so does the gender gap

why would women like the pay gap

so they can marry a rich man

presentations: maria cantwell things about pacific north west culture

social justice environment education women in office long before cantwell first nations people

voting is an act of _____

social participation - connected to communities

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: Harvard psychologist says women and men experience _____ in different ways

social reality

Scholars explain the different candidate preferences of men and women as differences in policy preferences, regarding ______

social welfare spending and the importance of a gov safety net

Males and females in high school have similar _______

socialization in thinking about politics in the same way

Women's political action committees (PACs) what do they do

solicit funds from women to elect women

lecture: what was the first women's movement fighting for

some say safety and esteem, others say they focuses on bottom needs but this is problematic

lecture: delegate

someone who believes that the perfect way to behave is behaving in a way that their constituents want them to behave

presentations: where did michelle obama grow up

southside chicago

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers wants to be _____

speaker of the house

voting is most likely a _______

standing decision developed by individuals as they are integrated into the social and political life

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Half of states have prohibition of _____

state funding and require a 24 hour waiting periods

Lawless and fox chapter 9: what has been the latest development on abortion restrictions

state referendums

what was a reason why women did not vote immediately after getting the vote

states had to changes procedures, state registrar's upheld the 4 month residency clause

Lawless and fox chapter 9: 3/4 of states ____

states outlaw abortions once a fetus is viable Health care providers can opt out of performing abortions abortions must be carried out by a license physician Minors must seek parental consent

Phyllis Schlafly launches campaign to ______

stop ratification of the ERA

lecture: what book did barbara boxer write

strangers in the senate

Jane Mansbridge: what is the greatest cost in selective descriptive representation

strengthening tendencies toward essentialism -the assumption that members of certain groups have an essential identity that all members of that group share and of which no others can partake- ignores lines of cleavage in a group- assumption of homogeneity encouraging citizens to see themselves as members of a subgroup may erode ties of unity Another is that voters may think their descriptive representation is representation their substantive interests even when they are not - there is less accountability toward their actions

Lawless and fox chapter 9: January 22 1973 roe v wade

struck down a texas state law that prohibited abortion and all other laws across the states- abortion is right to privacy but only in first 3 months In the 2nd and third trimester abortion can be regulated

lecture: what are they ways to achieve good representation

substantive representation descriptive representation symbolic representation partisan representation geographic representation

how is the gender gap calculated

subtracting the % of men who voted for a particular candidate from the percentage of women who voted for the same candidate not by looking at how one candidate did among either women or men - the difference between men and women's support for candidates in a race

Ready for Hillary

super PAC formed and began raising money even before secretary clinton announced her candidacy

lecture:for social security spending women are more likely to _____

support increase in social security spending

presentations: Donna Shalala was humiliated for _____

supporting clinton during lewinsky scandal

Voters regard democratic party as more ________

supportive of equality for women and reproductive rights- effective wedge issue the dems were able to exploit, they seem better for women's issues

Culture war: The dem party has come to be associated with an activist gov that ______

supports the disadvantaged and is more pacifist

women are ____ likely to

talk frequently about politics with family and friends

who has the least implicit bias according to age

teens

the hearings were ____

televised, allowing the public to see the all male all white committee -Larger audience than NFL games -Women shared similar experiences

lecture: women's movement 1 there was cross pressure between ______

temperance, abolition, and suffrage

men are ______ to make terrorism and security a party of their voting calculus

terrorism

males are depicted as the primary figures of political life in _______

textbooks

what does Schlafly insist

that gender-neutral employment law already protects women doing equal work with equal experience

the fact that there are female office holders makes it look like ____

that role matches the gender (But no woman has been president, so it is thought that the president should be a man)

presentations: what did people say about michelle obama entering the white house

that she would lower the class of the white house

BUT more recent studies say

that the role of the family is generating and passing on egalitarian political gender role attitudes

lecture: what does inglehart say

that there was a shift in individual values, old movements were materialist (physical, economic and security concerns) and new movements are post materialist (Self expression and actualization concerns)

lecture: what did Phyllis Schlaffly say

that women need to stay home and work in the private sphere

presentations: sandra day o'conner backed out of ____

the ERA

Phyllis Schlafly argued that

the ERA would threaten traditional gender roles in families and make women sexually and economically vulnerable even though she seemed to be living life as a liberated woman

define political participation

the activity that has the intent or effect of influencing gov action, either by directly affecting the making or implementation of public policy or indirectly by influencing the selection of people who make those policies

what is the gender gap dependent on

the behavior of strategic politician, trends in the nature of families, and economic condition

lecture: how is a social movement classified as "old or new"

the kinds of needs it focuses on, if it focused on safety it is old, if it focused on self actualization it is new

If a candidate's gender energizes female voters it is likely connected to _____

the choices women candidates make in the campaign their media coverage or variation in parties or issue agendas

lecture: what does inglehart say leads to post materialism

Multigenerational societal affluence leads to postmaterialism (a shift in attitudes beliefs and values regarding politics) affluence is a form of political culture an affluent society changes the culture which determines the type of the movement

lecture: NWSA and AWSA joined to become

NAWSA led by carrie chapman catt

lecture:men and women views on abortion

NO gender gap on abortion, but there are divisions within women

lecture: what happened in 1966

NOW founded

lecture:women's movement 2 liberal feminism and NOW

NOW founded in 1966, advocating liberal approach co-opted the more radical parallel movements (cultural and militant feminist groups)

lecture: division between national women's suffrage association and american women's suffrage association

NWSA favored women's enfranchisement through a federal constitutional amendment, while AWSA believed success could be more easily achieved through state-by-state campaigns NWSA divorced itself from negro duffrage but AWSA contintued to support the 15th amendment as written without giving women the righto vote and only giving blacks the right to vote

There aren't a lot of women in the pool of lawmakers so, ____

there isn't a lot of women rising up to move to the next level

what are the bad views of pussy hats

they are complicated objects, representative of an unserious sort of activism unsuited for the times

lecture:why is popularity for congress declining

they are not achieving substantive representation

Women don't vote for women just because _____

they are women

early on, african american women believed ______

they have been abandoned by feminists and became disillusioned with national politics and concentrated on local politics

why do black women vote more than men

they have intersectional experiences with race and sex

why are voting costs greater for women

they must take care of children and can't go vote

Women may make up half the population, but in the U.S. ______

they rarely have anything close to proportional political representation.

lecture:Sandra Day O'Connor

•1981 - Appointed by President Ronald Reagan to the U.S. Supreme Court •Became a very powerful swing justice during her tenure

lecture:impact of women's movement 1

•19th Amendment - Catt's strategy of state ratification •Child Labor Laws •Shift in Women's and Children's Political Agenda •Equal Citizenship Laws •National Institutionalized Interest Groups •NAWSA •Women's Party (first introduced ERA in 1923) •PTA

presentations: what did bonnie watson coleman find

the congressional caucus on black women and girls (was a member of the congressional black caucus and congressional caucus for women's issues)

Women are not a unified voting bloc but statistics on the gender gap is evidence that ______

the dem party is perceived as the org more closely aligned with women's interests

what is "the women's vote"

the division of support among women in a single contest (say 30% of women voted for bush while 60% voted for gore, gore got 60% of the women's vote)

64% of young people identified _____ as the most important issue in politics, 39% indicated that _____ was among top 3 issues

the economy; combating the spread of terrorism

Teen girls quickly see

the effects of gender-based double standards and the impacts of limitations on their physical freedom and behavior

Jane Mansbridge: "microcosmic" representation

the entire assembly is designed to form a microcosm, or representative sample, of the electorate

what transmits the earliest messages about authority

the family - father labeled and was assumed to transmit political information to his children

agents of socialization

the family school, peer,s religion, and the media play a role in shaping children's attitudes towards gender and political roles

Culture war: Huge majorities support ______

the first 3 circumstances

Party loyalty was ______

the first priority for parties

as students move from high school to college ______

the gap in political ambition grows

what surpasses the gender gap

the gaps in voting behavior created by race, ethnicity, and economic difference

what happens when women get more educated

the gender gap increases

chapter 10 lawless and fox: Young people said men and women are _______, and women are capable in _____

equally capable; leadership positions

Portraying black women as stereotypical mammies matriarch and welfare recipients has been ______

essential to the political economy of domination fostering black women's oppression

lecture: what division was pervasive in women's movement 1

essentialist vs egalitarian clevage

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers religion

evangelical free church

lecture: 3rd wave feminism was ushered in by _____

events leading up to "The Year of the Woman"

in 2016 single women ______

exceeded married women among eligible voters

lecture: ____ the gender gap is not the same as narrowing the gap

explaining

Women's division proved both a ______

facilitator and a ghetto for women interested in ascending to political power

since women didn't really vote after gaining suffrage some said that suffrage was a _____

failure

women were more likely to say they are _______ economically

falling behind

Kat Douglas

first VP of the kindergarten association

Trump's global gag rule

cuts US funding to foreign non-governmental groups that offer abortion

when women are told to hide their anger they become _____

disassociated from themselves

Take our daughters to the polls

encourages young women to vote

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Men and women receive references to personal traits in ______

equal amounts

presentations: where did sandra day o'conner grow up

on a ranch

chapter 10 lawless and fox: according to this chapter, where is gender equality lacking

on the home front

Lawless and fox chapter 9: _____ is more popular than "never legal"

"Always legal"

____ point gap favoring _____ in those who believe keeping up to date with political affairs is important

10; women

lecture:Efficacy Hypotheses

(Kelly and Boutilier) Perceptions of leadership characteristics (may be cultural) Gendered differences in communication and behavior (note this may be more about institutional "fit" if applicable) -parliamentary systems are more about consensus which women like but presidential elections are competitive which men like Beliefs About Politics women's identity and women's choices: there are 3 types of women 1. traditional women 2. public women 3. modern activist women

what was the 1996 gender gap

11 points

Only ___ of americans believe abortions should never be legal

12%

Dear Ijeawele suggestions

-Encourage her to say what she really thinks -give and receive kindness -give her identity- pride teaching -teach her about inequality -teach her to be active -let her dress up -Let her know what whiteness is beautiful and blackness is beautiful -Show her strong female role models -Find her good non-blustering uncles -Never use biology to explain social norms -Talk to her about sex, not with shame -Loving is valuing another and being valued -People don't have to be good to be allowed rights -Make difference normal

what things increase women's political participation

-Events and issues -high profile female candidates -organizations that target women -the role of political parties

chapter 4 lawless and fox: why is media coverage for men and women and election outcomes equal

-Journalistic norms encourage media to reflect candidates campaign messages and men and women tend to communicate the same messages -When partisanship dictates voters evaluations there is little room for sex

what are the consequences of the knowledge gap

-May result in different criteria for choosing candidates -Women may consider character or social policies as determinants -Women discuss politics less often and are less likely to convince others how to vote -The ability to discuss politics is based on political knowledge -If women do not take part in the flow of private and public political dialogue then there opportunity to exert influence over candidates, issues, and agendas, will be reduced

but in wyoming

13% of state lawmakers in wyoming are women, the lowest rate of representation in the country

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: how much more likely are women to be democrat

14%

lecture: as the hill hearing closed support for thomas' nomination declined by ___

14%

what were the characteristics of anti-suffragists

-Privileged class They were generally women of wealth, privilege, social status-- incentive to hang on to a system that privileged them -Likely to be involved in reform work that hewed traditional gender norms -Southern anti-refugees were planter class so they were worried about disruption of the racial order -Produced an appeal to ordinary women- suffrage was a threat to femininity, domestic life, and motherhood, and to the loss of privileges of womanhood -community activists

other difficulties for female politicians

-being primary caregivers -Male candidates often draw more wealthier donor networks

lecture: what is 3rd wave feminism referred to as postfeminism

-emphasis on intersectionality -negative connotation associated with feminism during 2nd wave

Culture war: what are the 6 abortion circumstances

-health risk -rape -baby defect -low income -not married -doesn't want more kids

chapter 6 lawless and fox: explain the "women's rise in autonomy" explanation for the gender gap

-in the 70's and 80's women became more feminist -it was thought that the democratic party had a feminist agenda -democrats seemed more disposed to women's economic and political and reproductive rights -Male backlash men moved away from dems feeling threatened by women's progress

Culture war: what circumstances are the "elective" circumstances

-low income -not married -doesn't want more kids

chapter 4 lawless and fox: why is it hard to believe that women don't face gender bias

-men hold most positions of power -High profile examples of overt sexism in the political arena convey the impression that these circumstances are typical (trump and his tweets)

chapter 10 lawless and fox: why is family role equity impossible

-no public policy can fix it -More difficult to generate parity in the home than in the workplace

where are women lacking in structural terms

-occupation -education

list types of political participation

-protest -Working on a campaign -donating to candidates or cause -serve of a board or commission -contact officials -join political organizations -volunteer for community based organization

what are the good views of the pussy hats

-they are to be worn at pivotal moments -reminder of the power of women -statement of unity and solidarity

Jane Mansbridge: The primary function of representative democracy is to represent the substantive interests of the represented through both deliberation and aggregation. what is deliberative function of democracy (has to do with choosing which groups to represent)

-what policies are good for the polity as a whole, for all constituents -should include at least one representative who can speak for every group that might provide new information, perspective, or ongoing insights relevant to the understanding that leads to a decision- but not reproduce all views in the polity such as useless or harmful ones

chapter 6 lawless and fox: explain the "women's economic status" explanation for the gender gap

-women have less wealth and are more likely to be heads of single parent household -more likely to be financially dependent on the government and want to -bolster social safety net

Culture war: Women and men's views differ on two clusters of issues

1. Issues of violence and force/peace -Women less like to support death penalty, they favor gun control, they hate war 1. Issues of violence and force/peace -Women are more compassionate, registering higher levels of support for gov programs for the disadvantaged

lecture: what are the 2 gaps

1. ideological gender gap- women more likely to express liberal attitudes 2. gap among women (fem vs non femnisist, recognizing gender consciousness- the idea that gender has an important outcome, demographic gaps in race religion and class

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: list the 3 explanations for where the gender gap comes from

1. women's economic status 2. women are more compassionate 3. rise of women's autonomy

chapter 10 lawless and fox: ___ of young adults said that women are best suited to be nurses and secretaries

1/3

what was the 2010 gender gap

10

early on, more than ____ of women still believed it was wrong for women to vote

10%

Between 1913 and 1931 in illinois women's registration rates increased by ___ whereas men's _____

10% whereas men's decreased by 10%

____ believed women would formulate better economic policy ____ believed women would do a better job with social policy ___ of women said they thought having more women in powerful position would lead to greater equality

14% 31% 74%

The number of people between 18-25 who actually voted in 2012 represented only _____ of all those who cast ballots

15.4%

Lawless and fox chapter 9: the number of hostile abortion states (states with 5 or more restrictions) went from 5 to ____

18

lecture: seneca falls

1848 reactionary convention led by lucretia mott and elizabeth cady stanton

lecture: american women's suffrage association who headed it

1869 julia ward howe, lucy stone, josephine ruffin

lecture: national women's suffrage association headed by who

1869 stanton and anthony

who headed National Federation of African-American Women/National Association of Colored Women

1895 - Josephine Ruffin

____ of women between the ages of 18 and 29 talk about politics frequently with family and friends whereas ___ of men in the same age group engaged in political discussion

19%; 22.8%

____ of young people said racial inequality was among the top 3 issues

34%

lecture: washington state legislature is ______ female

37.4%

Culture war: Americans favor legal abortion in less than __ of the 6 circumstances

4

lecture: how many of washington state representatives are women

4 of our 10, and both our senators are female

____ believed this because they thought women in power would improve the quality of life

44%

Lawless and fox chapter 9: how many people do you need to vote yes on something in supreme court for it to pass

5

presentations: ruth bader ginsberg won how many supreme court cases

5 out of 6

___ of repubs and ___ of dems said abortion should be legal is the child were going to be the sex the woman didn't want

5%; 10%

Lawless and fox chapter 9: all supreme court restrictions have passed with ____

5-4 margin

what is the race gap

50 points between blacks and whites

chapter 10 lawless and fox: ruth bader ginsberg's grandaughters lawyer class was ___% female

50%

in 1970 almost ___ % of mothers stayed home, as of 2012, less than ___ % of mothers stay home

50; 30

chapter 10 lawless and fox: Men are ____ percent more likely than women to expect their career to be a little more important than family whereas ______ percent of women reported that their family responsibilities would take precedence over career

50; 34

2016: how many white women voted for trump

53%

women make up ____

53% of the US population

Bernie won new hampshire with ____ of the women's vote compare with 46% for clinton

54%

clinton won ____ of women's votes

54%- on par with democratic presidential candidates in the past 2 decades

Lawless and fox chapter 9: In 2011 repubs controlled ___ of the 99 legislative chambers

57

Lawless and fox chapter 9: __ of the justices support roe and__ oppose it

5;4

lecture: washington is ___ in the country in descriptive representation of women

5th

chapter 10 lawless and fox: women are __ times as likely to be responsible for the majority of household tasks

6

chapter 4 lawless and fox: how many people out of 10 say women are held to a higher standard than men

6

chapter 4 lawless and fox: ____ % believed the media focuses too much on how women look

60

___ of dems and ___ of republicans said abortion should always be legal

60%; 30%

____ of voters under 30 supported clinton, ____ of young voters favored trump

61%; 25%

presentations: Pramila jayapal established

one america which prevented deportation of samolian immigrants

why do people focus on the gender gap as opposed to race gap

A war of the sexes is more politically acceptable than competition between the races or economic classes

lecture: key figures of women's movement 1

Abigail Adams (implored husband to not forget ladies in the constitution) Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony (who was not at seneca falls) Alice Paul, Lucy Burns, Ida Wells, Carrie Chapman Catt, etc... - (see Iron Jawed Angels)

lecture: what other movements was women's movement 1 linked to

Abolition and Temperance Movements

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: what issues are men and women's views indistinguishable on

Abortion, same sex marriage, health care

Why are anti-discrimination laws put in place right now not good enough

Anti discrimination laws are in effect but they are not ironclad

Why does colorado do so well?

As lawmakers left office because of term limits, party leaders on both sides of the aisle actively encouraged women to run, especially in the state's swelling suburbs Women do well in suburbia

Jane Mansbridge: having a left hander in aggregation

Being a left-hander helps produce internal commitment to the struggle, so that when an issue requires more than a vote, left-hander representatives are more likely to throw themselves into the fray But on matters of pure aggregation, reelection incentives can make descriptive representation unnecessary- power can be exercised on behalf of people with certain interests without the need of matching identity to the interests bearers

who is the director of the ERA coalition

Bettina Hager

Jane Mansbridge: who brought down a confederate flag design- an action based on sensibility created by experience- was able to reflect her constituents attitudes

Carol Moseley Braun

who took the seat of Alan Dixon

Carol Moseley Braun, won a seat on the judiciary committee

who was the first african american woman to be elected to senate

Carol Mosely Braun

lecture: what kinds of feminism was women's movement 2

Cultural Feminism, Militant Feminism, Liberal Feminism

sexual harassment

Defined as unwanted comments gestures or actions forced on a stranger in public without consent

lecture: what happened in the 70's

ERA (equality of rights should not be denied by any state on sex)

structural barriers to political participation

Education, income, and certain occupations are good predictors of the frequency and types of citizens participation

lecture: maslows hierarchy of needs focuses on ____

Explanations tied to demands/expectations of government

lecture: Condoleezza Rice

First Female National Security Advisor, First African-American Female Secretary of State

lecture:Ella Grasso

First female to be elected in her own right to the position of governor (1975, Connecticut).

lecture: Frances Perkins

First woman appointed to a cabinet position (Secretary of Labor) and longest serving (1933-1945)

lecture:Margaret Chase Smith

First woman to be considered by a major party (Republican) for presidential nomination (1964)

results of study for No place for a woman

For senate race there was not difference in competence based on gender For presidency the male candidate was consistently evaluated more positively

lecture:mccarthy and zald's approach is

Historical, comparative, empirical approach to examining social movements Generalizations to specific movements as opposed to states and their political cultures identifying variables for predicting success and failure of social movements

lecture: how does gender affect politics

Ideological Orientation (Ideological differences set the tone for opinions and thus for political behavior)' Participation and Access to Office Issue Saliency (intensity of feeling about something, some issues are more important to women)

Jane Mansbridge: an example of why descriptive representation doesn't automatically work

In New Hampshire with most women legislators, women legislatures did not see themselves acting for women; women political scientists often concluded that descriptive female gender had no predictable relation to support for women's substantive interests

Jane Mansbridge: Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation because ______

In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation -descriptive representation also helps create a social meaning of "ability to rule" and increases the attachment to the polity of members of the group

other things that happened in the year of the woman

In the house 48 women were elected EMILY's List membership went up NOW membership when up

why are these statistics inflated

Inflated statistics cuz people are asked if they voted and they feel like they have a civic duty to say yes

lecture: what happened in 1963

Kennedy's Commission on the Status of Women

presentations: who was janet yellen federal reserve opponent

Larry summers - said that women are innately less competent

lecture: how do we measure gender differences

Opinion Polls - track differences and temporal shifts Feeling Thermometers - track salience, how strongly you feel about something

lecture: What Increases Women's Participation

Organizational Experience Recruitment (more likely to run if they are recruited- feminist majority foundation recruits women) Education Partisanship Feminism

what might be an unintended fallout of ERA

Parents who enroll their children in single-sex schools or organizations like the Girl Scouts or Boy Scouts may lose that choice

Jane Mansbridge: How do you pick which groups are to be represented?

People's identities should be represented when their interests are relevant to a decision, and when their interests conflict with those of others

who founded the eagle forum

Phyllis Schlafly

lecture: explanations for the gender gap

Political Socialization Life Circumstances Views on Gender Roles Historical Inequity (or "By Event" Socialization)

why did voter turn out decrease in the 30's

Political parties experienced a realigning period were partisans of both genders moved away from the existing political parties and were not attracted to vote for a party's candidate

Jane Mansbridge: best way (most fluid) of implementing descriptive representation

Proportional representation and/or cumulative voting "Enabling devices" a. schools and funding for potential candidates b. caps on nomination campaign expenses c. public funding of nomination campaign expenses d. establishing formal search committees within each party to help identify and nominate potential candidates from disadvantaged groups e. high-quality public day care for elected officials f. scholarships to law schools and public policy schools for members of historically disadvantaged and proportionally underrepresented groups

lecture: problems with measuring the gap

Question wording differences Self identification and categorization problems Public opinion can shift rapidly so measurements on some issues can be volatile

lecture: what forms of political participation do men do more often

Running for Office Campaigning Protests Anti-System Activity Interest Group Participation/Lobbying Contributing Money

lecture: geographic representation

SR is best achieved when people live in the same areas as their representatives (we use this in the U.S)

lecture: descriptive representation

SR is best achieved when the legislature mirrors the demographics of the voting public quotas help ensure DR the ideas that you would be put in a position of power b/c of your identity' constitution based on states different characteristics (catholic, agrarian)

lecture: partisan representation

SR is best achieved when the legislature partisan makeup mirrors the public

study design for No place for a woman

Same resume with a male or female name

lecture: inconsistency of measuring the gender gap

Self reports on ideology are often problematic, and historically, only a minority of Americans are ideologically consistent.

Culture war: what do people say about where the gender gap comes from

Some say this is because of biology, some say it's cultural factors and women are socialized to have different values, or that women are more economically vulnerable Maybe the gap arises from different experiences - women more likely to visit the sick, volunteer in schools, and see gov programs in operation while men see gov as deductions from their paychecks

lecture:explain opportunity structure

Status of the political system (open or closed), cultural social clock, existence of other movements and organizations ( a benefit or drawback)

lecture: what org and what person was very counter ERA

Stop ERA and Phyllis Schlaffly

lecture: hypotheses for participation gap

The "Double Burden" Hypothesis The "Triple Burden" Hypothesis Efficacy and Knowledge Hypotheses The Employment Hypothesis The Religion Hypotheses Education and SES Hypotheses The Discrimination Hypothesis

Jane Mansbridge: construction of social meaning

The absence in the ruling assembly of a proportional number of individuals carrying the group's ascriptive characteristics shapes the social meaning of those characteristics in a way that affects most bearers of those characteristics in the polity -More representatives dispels the myth that a certain group can't rule

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers college

university of WA

Culture war: what changed democrats image

The emergence of an anti-war wing of the democratic party in the aftermath of vietnam- dems were supportive of welfare and less violent (repubs were now aggressive and hostile to the welfare state)

what is the newest gender voter controversy

The generational divide - the battle between mothers and daughter women 17-29 like bernie and women 30-50 likes clinton

what is though about what worry worry about (doesn't have to translate into political preference)

The idea that women tend to worry more about personal and economic security because they are more likely to be victims of crime at home and more likely to live on the economic margins

presentations: where did elizabeth warren go to school

university of houston

socialization

The process by which we learn and internalize the values norms and expectations of the culture and society around us

Lawless and fox chapter 9: in conclusion, compromise on abortion is ____

unlikely

what do children learn about gender

They understand the images of power and sense of importance that separate the genders

Jane Mansbridge: how should descriptive representation be implemented

This analysis suggests that voters and the designers of representative institutions should accept some of the costs of descriptive representation in historical circumstances when (1) communication is impaired, often by distrust, (2) interests are relatively uncrystallized, (3) a group has once been considered unfit to rule, (4) de facto legitimacy is low within the group. Institutionalization of DR must be fluid -Quotas are undesirable -Cumulative voting in at-large districts is far more fluid, as it allows individuals to choose whether they want to cast all their votes for a descriptive representative or divide their votes among different representative

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers voted against

equal pay abortion anti-domestic abuse laws b/c they included trans people

what are the top 3 issues among voters since 9/11

Threat of terror, economy, and security

lecture: what happened in 1963

equal pay act

chapter 10 lawless and fox: young people thought women who run large companies are less likely to __________

be married and have a children

presentations: maria cantwell then became the ___

VP of realnetworks

in congressional races ____

Voting intention was not affected by gender

Jane Mansbridge: questions to ask for descriptive representation

What has caused lower proportions of certain descriptive groups- can members of that group represent themselves- have dominant groups intentionally made it difficult or illegal for members of that group to represent themselves

Jane Mansbridge: ERA as an example of Uncrystallized

When ERA came up legislators assumed that they knew what their constituents wanted with this new thing without it being on the political agenda very long and without asking his constituents directly "my cons are like me- i don't have any trouble knowing what my community thinks The representative assumed that he and his constituents shared a set of experiences that generated specific perspectives and interests requiring representation in the legislature

lecture: what is the problem with these socio-structural and political culture explanations

Which came first, a culture shift? Or an institutional shift?

lecture: gender gaps in partisanship

Women are more likely to vote for Democrats and to self-identify as Democrats- 52%

anti-suffragists believed that ____

Women should serve the state in every way possible without jeopardizing the home by entrance into active politics

Due to retirements, a large number of congressional seats opened up, therefore _____

Women were encouraged to announce their candidacies

why is wyoming doing poorly

Wyoming shifted from multi member to single-member districts. Under the old system, voters could pick multiple candidates to represent a larger electoral district.- now they have to pick between a female candidate and a male one

lecture: PAC restrictions

a PAC can only get so much and there are limits on how much one person can donate

lecture:explain leadership

a charismatic leader with entrepreneurship: mothers against drunk drivers formed in one persons kitchen

lecture: sexual assault became ______ in 1991

a concern for women in the public

We prefer women to appear feminine, but in the national electoral context, masculine traits are preferred - therefore ______

a female candidate presenting a mature face may send voters conflicting cues

Culture war: non-churchgoers are more pro-choice than the national average while regular churchgoers are almost _____ below the national average

a full circumstance

what is the eagle forum

a group against the ERA

what is the ERA coalition

a group fighting for a proposed addition to the U.S. Constitution that would explicitly protect women's rights and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex

but women voting for dems is not ______

a guarantee victory for democratic candidates

what does republican party platform include

a human life amendment that banned abortion no exception

for economy, women support _____

a larger role for gov in solving problems (equal pay and universal health care)

A majority of men believed they compete with women on ______

a level playing field while only about half of women saying the same

Culture war: people have felt the same way about abortion for _______

a long time

Culture war: the culture war is ____

a misconception

presentations: what was now founded

because they didn;t like segregated ads- protested new york times

Culture war: NARAL fought bush's law against partial birth abortion

a pro choice group; all the myths of the culture war were on display as men approved the bill and women fought against it

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Operation Rescue

a pro-life group: restores personhood to the unborn

Mrs. William Force Scott

a right to vote does not exist, if women vote they must join one of the existing political parties or form a new party of their own- and that would be women against men

presentations: maria cantwell is

a senator from washington

what is political cynicism

a sense of powerlessness and that the gov does not care about the public's opinions

what do pussy hats represent for women of color

a shallow level of commitment

lecture: what inspired patty murray to run in WA

a surge in contributions to women's PACs

lecture:trustee

a trustee thinks "my constituents trust me" policy will be in part influenced by my conscience

Tea party moms put a conservative gendered spin on ______

a variety of public policies and challenge current public discourse about what constitutes women's interests

Jane Mansbridge: when issues arise unexpectedly _____

a voter can expect the representative to react the way the voter would

chapter 10 lawless and fox: In families where two parents work, women take on ______

a wider range of household tasks

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Majority of people don't like abortion when ________

a woman doesn't want a child or can't afford it

A majority of women serving in state legislature list _____

a woman's org as an important source of support

what are seen as women's issues

abortion and women's rights

Lawless and fox chapter 9: most people like minor notification, but don't like ____

abortion if be gone completely

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Women on both sides of the aisle were just as likely to _______

access the dollars they needed to run a competitive race

lecture: what is the goal of democratic republic

achieving good representation

lecture: definition of representation

acting on behalf of someone else

Culture war: party differences in abortion are true when it comes to ______

activists and office holders, but not to party's adherents

presentations: what did NOW do in 1971

advocating for lesbian rights supported Milk in san francisco

the double bind

affects women who do not fit the stereotype of femininity and the expectation of motherhood

presentations: sandra day o'conner upheld _____

affirmative action

All In Together created the ______

all in together action center to enable individuals to quickly take action on political issues on interest by writing calling or tweeting their state and federal legislators

what did the 1993 National Voter Registration Act ("motor voter") do

allowed people to register to vote as they do other business with the state

lecture: zebra principal

alternating men and women names on the party list

lecture: male voter turn out has ____

been faster to decline

Stop street harassment

an international organization with an affiliate in paris that teamed up with rapid transit authority for a campaign to end harassment on public transportation

political knowledge: 2000 primary political knowledge test- men more likely to ___ and women were more likely to state that they ______

answer correctly whereas women were more likely to answer incorrectly; did not know an answer

presentations: madeline albright father

anti-communism working for Czechoslovakian government

what were the women who did not believe women deserved the right to vote called

anti-suffragettes or "remonstrants" or "governmentalists"

lecture: what was the motto of national women's suffrage association

any means necessary, radical

Culture war: there exists a gender gap among political activists that is not ______

apparent among ordinary americans

chapter 4 lawless and fox: In the 80s and 90s news coverage focused on ____

appearance and family roles

presentations: janet napolitano attorney for ____

arizona, and also anita hill case

what do men think about the economy

as individuals personal finances

Jane Mansbridge: groups are justified in demanding _____

as many representatives as is justified by proportionality

women are universally expected to _______

aspire to current standards of beauty in ways men are not

presentations: sonia sotomayor was ___ from 1979-1983

assistant district attorney

the gender-trait hypothesis

assumes that gender is a cue to masculinity and femininity, and it is these traits that guide voter perceptions and choice

when do most children understand gender

at 5 years old

In states with competitive elections women voted ______

at higher rates than in states where the outcome was more certain- when every vote counts political parties mobilized every voter

women and men participate ______

at roughly equal levels across many forms of political activity

presentations: bush selected sonia sotomayor to be ____

attorney for district court of south NY youngest and 1st latina to serve

presentations: janet napolitano was once the ____

attorney general for arizona governor of arizona now secretary of homeland security

The mere presence of a woman in a campaign is not sufficiently powerful to ______

attract women voters interest or increase their sense of efficacy or psychological engagement

what does california do with registration

automatically registers people when they interact with a government agency

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Harris vs mcrae

banned medicaid funding for abortion

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Gonzalez vs carhart

banned partial birth abortion (late term abortion procedure)

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Webster vs reproductive health services

banned the use of public facilities for all abortion required physicians to perform fetal viability tests and mandated counseling

Women are less likely to be politically engaged then men, but women report more likely to _______

be involved in a community action program than men in college

presentations: nikkita oliver framework for failure

behavioral expectations physical appearance (didn't look like a typical politician) credibility

presentations: what was bonnie watson coleman's advnatage

being a black women

what is one challenge women face in getting a political start

being encouraged to run in the first place

in 2016 primaries the youth preferred _____

bernie

what things appealed to young voters in 2016

bernies BLM

obama did _____ among women

better

lecture:women's movement 2 had ____

betty friedan's the feminine mystique 1963 and the 1960 kennedy commission that studied sexual harassment in the workplace

Transmission of egalitarian attitudes was particularly strong ______

between mothers and daughters for helping to create and sustain the gender gap

lecture: people claimed that (these people) supported a women's agenda like government spending and reproductive rights

bill clinton clayton williams charlie wilson

what do millennial women worry about

bills and expenses and caring for a family and affordable health care

presentations: condoleezza rice is from

birmingham

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: who did clinton get most support for in 2016

black and latino voters

presentations: carol mosely braun what difficulty did she face the most

black communities don't like black women she had an easier time with national culture but had a hard time with african american community cuz they like men more

Michelle Obama was see as a ____

black radical, a mix of privilege and victimology

The propensity to give and the amount contributed depends on ______

both total family income and the portion of family income derived from the respondents income

presentations: where did sonia sotomayor grow up

bronx

lecture: real estate agent conundrum

buyer and seller have same interests in selling the house, to make most money but when buying a house the agents wants to buy the most expensive house

how is implicit bias measured

by how quickly people can associate boy and lady with career and family

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: how did the GOP attempt to combat their women problem

by teaching republican men how to speak to female voters -Told to refer to wives and daughters so that they seem sensitive to women's issues

women voters say that gender does not make any difference in their decision at the polls, so female candidates might be encouraged to ______

campaign on the basis of no difference from male candidates

what do single women hate

candidates that disparage women

lecture:Much of that gap ____ be explained by shifts in women's behavior. There has been an increase in male support for Republican candidates since 1994.

cannot

A candidate _____ be said to have lost the "women's vote", when a candidate does well among women, her opponents ______

cannot; fares well among male voters - the republicans problem with women is the same size as the democrats problem with men

lecture: gender does not ____ you to be democrat

cause, there are relative intervening variables (economic status, having children)

lecture: what did women's movment 2 focus on

championed ERA increased role of cultural feminism (attention to private sphere and socialization) encouraged to meet in homes "cells" form a local group and strategize for local action (meet and act locally first) more radical bra burning

Jane Mansbridge: When interests are uncrystallized, the best way to have one's most important substantive interests represented is often to _______

choose a representative whose descriptive characteristics match one's own on the issues one expects to emerge

presentations: nikkita oliver seattle is a ____ political culture

civic

lecture: what happened in 1964

civil rights act (prohibited discrimination on sex and race, more so race)

lecture: women's movement 2 what social movements were happening in tandem

civil rights movement anti-war movement many people got start here but once a victory occured in the civil rights movement people would ignore women (competition)

presentations: kirsten gillibrand said about minica lewisky

clinton should've resigned

Latina women supported _____

clinton; driven by issues of money and family, supported clinton favorably, 84% said they viewed trump negatively

2016 clinton won a majority of _____

college educated white women and a majority of votes from married women.

what state has the highest percentage of women lawmakers

colorado

presentations: nacy pelosi's viesws

committed to obamacare voted against iraq

Jane Mansbridge: Introspective representation doesn't need ______ to fulfill democratic norms

communication and accountability; It is not a traditional principal-agent relation but instead a relation of selection

Jane Mansbridge: the descriptive representative benefit of enhanced deliberation is greatest in contexts of _____

communicative distrust and uncrystallized interests

presentations: michelle obama was the VP of _____

community and expternal affairs for university chicago hispital

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Citizens view females as more _____ but not ______

compassionate (better at handling issues relating to women and families); competent

Being anger undermines women's perception of their _____

competence

we just ____ by appearance

competence

lecture: women's movement 2 what kinds of groups were popular

consciousness raising groups

presentations: kirsten gillibrand is a ____

conservative democrat

lecture: problem with delegates

constituents don't have all the info some people's interests will never be represented

lecture: A gap in ideological orientation, turnout and party preference exists, but women do NOT _______

constitute a monolithic voting block.

Jane Mansbridge: what are the benefits of descriptive representation that don't enhance substantive representation

construction of social meaning defacto legitimacy

the impact of a gender gap must be ____

contextualized in the nature of each election

presentations: wher di ruth bader ginsberg go to college

cornell than harvard

presentations: there are claims of ____ against carol mosely braun

corruption went to nigeria and became buds with the dictator

lecture: what are the categories of explanations for why sweden denmark and norway do so much better

cultural socio-structural (role of women in labor force) efficaciousness political rules and institutions

Asian american women latina women and native american women face ______

cultural expectations that limit their role to the home and family

lecture:Redstockings and New York Radical Women (Shulamith Firestone and Ellen Willis) said that ___

culture needed to change

Jane Mansbridge: why is microcosmic representation bad (she doesn't really think it's bad)

cuz it would be done by a lottery, which is bad cuz legislators would be bad- worse than choosing legislators through election cuz people who are elected are experienced and have chosen law making as their profession

why did political parties abandon the women's vote after suffrage

cuz no voting bloc materialized

Culture war: why do people think the democratic party is the party of pro choice

cuz so many democratic candidates are

Young women reported higher levels of political _____

cynicism,

presentations: janet napolitano father

dean of university of new mexico

Lawless and fox chapter 9: The number of clinics that provide abortions continues to _____

decrease

When men get angry people lose their own competence and _______

defer to men's opinions

lecture: members of congress think of themselves in one of two ways

delegate trustee

lecture: more members of congress categorize themselves as _______

delegates

Jane Mansbridge: the 3 goals to be achieved in full represenation

deliberative synergy critical mass dispersion of influence

lecture: charlie wilson

dem from texas figured he could change foreign policy left wing feminism darling support of emily and NARAL hired stormy daniels types and said "you can teach them to type but you can't teach them to grow tits"

Congresswomen marched to _____

demand an investigation against Thomas

presentations: janet napolitano political party

democrat

most donor activity among women is directed towards ______

democratic candidates

women tend to vote for ______

democrats

nashville black and white women formed an alliance to ________

demonstrate their power in promoting a progressive agenda

presentations: why is nacy pelosi unpopular right now

dems want a younger leader

Culture war: Degree of religious commitment is less important than ______

denomination

As parties recruited women to organize other women they ______

denounced "sex solidarity" and encouraged their female organizer to do the same

presentations: michelle obama was the first ____

descendant of slaves in the white house

Jane Mansbridge: de facto legitimacy

descriptive representation increases the legitimacy of the polity -making citizens feel as if they themselves were present in the deliberations, people feel included and politics seems more legitimate My aim, in short, is changing the psychology of the "haves" far more than the psychology of the "have-nots"

lecture: emiliy's list pioneered what method for raising money

did bundling which means instead of having women to write checks to the PAC they write checks directly to the candidate to skirt the PAC restrictions

how did the national voter registration act effect turnout

did not effect turnout as much as expected

presentations: condoleezza rice criticized as a black woman

didn't focus on civil rights uncle tom figure katrina- didn't pressure bush to do enough for black people

lecture: what is the gender gap

differences in the proportions of men v. proportions of women supportive of a particular candidate, policy or party

the time given and amount of money donated between men and women is _____

different

when the perceived level of knowledge is held constant between men and women, the difference in political cynicism _______

disappears

When test questions on political knowledge related to gender relevant domains of knowledge, the difference between men and women ______

disappears; women know about issues relative to their gender

lecture: what is disturbance thoery and why is it relevant

disturbances get people to vote disturbances in politics with women such as anita hill inspire women to run for office

Party leaders might have you think that the nation is______ on abortion

divided

Culture war: men and women ___ differ on abortion

do not

Culture war: abortion ____ matter more for women

does not

Russian decided to ease punishment for ______

domestic violence- penalties are just a fine instead of jail time if the assault is a first offense and does not cause serious injury

Women less likely to ______

donate money to a candidate, participate in political organizations, or seek elective office themselves

today, women are less likely to ____

donate money to campaigns and to run for office

Jane Mansbridge: with uncrystallized interests the rep draws on experiences to explore the new issues

dope

lecture: impact of temperance movement

double edged sword cuz liquor industry worked against suffrage

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Many women ______ they have the qualifications and thick skin needed to endure a political campaign in which women have to be twice as good to get _____

doubt; half as far

By college the percentage of women who say they receive encouragement from a parent to run for office ______

drops and are more likely to believe that themselves are not qualified for office

chapter 6 lawless and fox: which economic bracket is made up of mostly women

earning less than 50,000 a year

what do single women like

economic issues like equal pay college affordability and paid sick days, and reproductive rights

what increases women's democratic partisanship

economic vulnerability as the result of social and economic changes

what are women most worried about

economy- Women expressed a deeper sense of economic vulnerability that likely translated into greater issue saliency for the economy in their vote choice

lecture: what happened in 1972

education statues, title 9

Lawless and fox chapter 9: When anthony scalia died the repubs ________

efused to have hearings for anyone obama appointed- cuz the next justice could sway a lot of things including abortion -Trump was like i'll vote for someone who hates roe

lecture: are we in a 4th wave of feminism?

ehh debatable

Culture war: in the 50's why did women vote for men more

eisenhower declined to become involved in vietnam - In the mid century women preferred the republicans cuz they were less on violence and war

lecture: what do some people say caused the partisan gap

electoral realignment

presentations: Donna Shalala is one of the founders of ____

emily's list- brings pro choice women into leadership in government

presentations: Donna Shalala family

encouraged her to be ambitious

presentations: Pramila jayapal family

encouraged her to go to west and to georgetown learned western ideology at JIS

presentations: ruth bader ginsberg found it hard to ____

find a job as a lawyer

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers is pro ____

family down syndrome child

presentations: janet yellen family

family experience, dad got hurt, long term unemployment

presentations: condoleezza rice parents

father a minister importance of education american dream

In women there are three primary causes of anger that are not the same in men:

feelings of powerlessness, injustice, and other people's irresponsibility.

presentations: Planned Parenthood gained connection to the _____

feminist movement

what did some women do after gaining suffrage

formed voting coalitions in order to effect social change

presentations: janet yellen

former chair of federal reserve

NWPC when founded and why

founded in 1971 bringing more women into office

lecture: what did schlaffly do

framed the ERA for the elite Successfully convinced elites to drop support for the amendment

lecture: explain ideology

framing, feminism lost control of framing, dirty manhating besbians

The symbolic power of a female candidate is derived not from one on one relationships of constituents to officeholder or voter to candidate, but ______

from something more generalized.

what issues cost republicans women's votes

gay marriage and abortion

Voters under 30 were more likely to express concerns about ________

gay rights and keeping abortion legal

what distinguishes women from one another

gender consciousness or a feminist identity - Ties an individual women's interest to those of other women and provides an outlet for her discontent over gender inequities has been found to facilitate women's participation and set some women apart from others

Culture war: There is no evidence that abortion has anything to do with the _____

gender gap

Conservative issues can become feminist issues using _____

gendered motherhood and profamily frames- protectier children's future, feminist policies say that women are less capable than men

American Association of University Women

gets women to vote

what is rock the vote

gets young men and women to vote with famous people like kendall jenner

chapter 4 lawless and fox: how can we close the gender gap in political ambition

getting rid of the fact that women must have more qualifications than men and work harder (or at least make women not think that)

When asked what would they do if they became the opposite sex girls had answers ready but boys didn't have any answers _______

girls had answers ready but boys didn't have any answers

Lawless and fox chapter 9: north dakota "life begins at conception"

gives full rights to unborn fetuses

Jane Mansbridge: Selective descriptive representation

gives select groups greater descriptive representation than they would achieve in existing electoral systems- bring the proportion in the legislature closer to that in the population

lecture: why did women's movement 1 end

goal achieved (suffrage) some say it was WWII (women had to go into the work place cuz men were gone, programs focused on childcare)

lecture: women's movement 1 was ____

goal specific

2nd wave feminism was convinced that women's equality would be achieved if ____

gov regulated discrimination in the workplace, provided funding for social welfare programs, and played a role in establishing universal child care- but this role in gov was the antithesis to the conservative ideology that promoted small government and traditional family values

presentations: kirsten gillibrand is pro ____

gun

Media focuses on female candidates ______

hairstyles and design of their clothes

chapter 10 lawless and fox: today ____ of all doctorates are given to women

half

Black men were given the vote _____ before women of any race were allowed to mark a ballot

half a century

women are judged more ____ than men

harshly

young students of color _____

have higher political activity

lecture: sometimes our representatives won't always _______

have the same interests as us

Jane Mansbridge: a range of views

having a range of views within the group means a variety of representatives is needed to represent the varied perspectives characterized of any group (no group is a monolith)

Jane Mansbridge: dispersion of influence

having enough members to disperse into the relevant policy areas allows members of the group to influence decision wherever those decisions would become better decisions by including these member's perspectives

Lawless and fox chapter 9: When 2017 began repubs ______

held more seats in state legislature than anytime in history

lecture: how did being linked to temperance movement help women's movement 1

helped amass resources

responding directly to the insults ______

helped the female candidate regain lost ground

Responding directly _____

helped the women candidates' regain support

presentations: why did elizabeth warren divorce her husband

her husband didn't want her to continue her career

A member's contact with the org extends ____

her social network to include political activists and introduces political newcomers to the efficacy of political action in solving public problems

lecture: modern activist women

high political efficacy high control over life space high participation

presentations: michelle obama's reach higher campaign

high schoolers getting degrees in the U.S. focuses on creating good counselors

.before 2016 election favorability ratings for obama were _____ than for clinton among those women who professed a strong gender identity.

higher

Before the election trump voters had ____ levels of sexism than clinton voters

higher

in 2008 In D.C youth voted _______

higher than adults- attribute this to obama

NOW and NWPC enjoyed membership surged when _____

highly publicized events remind women that the controversies of equality are not yet settled

hearings were called with ___

hill as a witness

presentations: Pramila jayapal

house of reps in washington 1st indiance american woman in house of representatives

The party difference on abortion then may be a product of _______

how the question is asked

lecture: explain resources

human assets, financial assets

lecture: what states rescinded ERA ratification

idaho, nebraska,tennesse

Parties try to appeal to women by _______

identifying women's issue in their platform but appealing to their partisan loyalty first, while women worked tirelessly for the party but always held out the possibility of a womens bloc vote to motivate the party to listen to women

The motherhood bind has an impact on all women ______

if ur not a mother ur a failed woman and if your a mother you can't have enough attention to pay to your serious work

lecture: why would you oppose ERA

if you think you're already equal or that a constitutional amendment for equality already exists required women to be in combat (threaten family values) counter ERA people tell you that you will have to share a bathroom with a man

presentations: Pramila jayapal proud to be _____

immigrant

lecture: geography and culture of women's movement 1 ______

impacted goals, strategies and tactics, and success

when did the gender gap originate

in 1980 when Reagan ran a campaign dominated by his opposition to the equal rights amendment and abortion and traditional family values- alienated women voters

when did women's registrations rates surpass men's

in 1984, and has been higher ever since

EMILY's List what do they do

in 1985 to fund democratic pro choice women to federal office

presentations: when did maria cantwell move to seattle

in 83 to campaign for Alan Cranston

Lawless and fox chapter 9: A little less than half the country favors abortion ______

in all circumstances or hates it in all circumstances

Harassmap.org

in egypt utilizes cell phone reporting

Jane Mansbridge: The primary function of representative democracy is to represent the substantive interests of the represented through both deliberation and aggregation. what is the aggregative function of democracy (has to do with choosing which groups to represent)

in moments of conflict the representative assembly should represent the interests of every group whose interests conflict with those of others, in proportion to the numbers of that group in the population- one person, one vote

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: did clinton win among married or unmarried voters

unmarried

Women's interest and engagement with the campaign is _____ to the gender of the candidates while men are _____

insensitive; less interested in participating in the election when the congressional candidate is female

the benefits of voting are ____

intangible (merely a sense of duty fulfilled)

people who were judged as attractive were also more likely to be judged as ______

intelligent, successful

there is a significant gap in ______

interest and attentiveness to politics between men and women

lecture: most PACs are registered with a ____

interest group

so kind in conclusion, Women vote at higher rates, but men exhibit more ______

interest in, and knowledge of politics than women

Female candidates are more likely to include issues on ______

interest to women in their campaign thereby attracting attention

Jane Mansbridge: what do you mean by uncrystallized interests

interests that have not been on the political agenda long, candidates have not taken public positions on them, and political parties are not organized around them.

lecture: what did women's movement 3 emphasis

intersectionality, global commonality, and global women's education placed emphasis on the common gendered experience of women of different identities

where do women channel their anger

into passive aggressive behavior, anxiety, and depression, meanness

presentations: maria cantwell's father

involved in politics

lecture: why did madeline albreight wear a serpent pin

iraqi press called her a serpent

Women more likely to possess political knowledge relevant to _______

issues of women's representation and would be more aware of women leaders than men

chapter 10 lawless and fox: according to this chapter, how is lack of family role equity bad

it affects career choices and ability to rise to the top

how does the gender gap shape politics

it affects the issues on the agenda and elections themselves

why is wyoming called the equality state

it had the nation's first female governor

lecture: why is party identification important

it is the most important heuristic for voters

presentations: kirsten gillibrand on motherhood

it makes her a better legislature 1 of 8 woman who gave birth in congress started career then have kids as oppose to what most people say which is to have kids then start career

Girls should be told that ____

it's okay to be angry

Culture war: ____ favor legal abortion in all circumstances

jews

The promise of electing the first woman president was not enough motivation for republican women to ____ believe however

join the dems in voting for clinton voters

lecture: why do latina women participate the least

lack of representation less likely to be employed lower education low efficacy

Black women _____ white women in winning legislative seats

lag behind

among black voters, the gender gap is _____

larger

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: when we say that women favor the liberal what does that mean

larger role for gov, providing services, environmental protection

Young women are less likely to believe they are above average in _______

leadership skills and that the confidence gap widens between the first and last years of college

NOW and NWPC are consistent with what doctrine

legal quality doctrine

presentations: lower economic status leads to ____ (Planned Parenthood)

less access to reproductive health

lecture: women's movement 2 has a _______

less clear emphasis (broader set of issues)

presentations: what was elizabeth warren's specialization

national bankrupcy review commission

Youth turnout in 2008 primaries was ______

nearly double that of 2000

lecture: 3rd wave feminism confronted _____

new social realities emerging in the 1990's

presentations: where did ruth bader ginsberg grow up

new york

Parents teach their girls that being _____ is better

nice- Expect girls to control themselves more but they say boys can't control themselves

who started the anita hill thing

nina totenberg of national public radio alleged that the committee had suppressed allegations of sexual harassment against thomas brought by a university of oklahoma law professor, anita hill

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: when we say that men are more conservative, does it mean that they are opposite on liberal values?

no

Culture war: did opinion change after the Webster decision which opened the way for further regulation of abortion or after the 1992 casey decision which upheld some of the specific restrictions imposed by the state of pennsylvania

no

are all women's organizations feminist

no

Women on the ballot send the message that politics is ______

no longer a male only activity and female participation is valued

Culture war: what did roe v wade promise

no restrictions on abortion in the first trimester

do females cast thier vote in solidarity with women (clinton)

no they cast their votes as partisans

lecture: do we have partisan representation in the US

no, 30% of the public don't have a strong affiliation

is there a father gap?

no, Fathers don't differentiate on any issue from non-fathers

is this surprising?

no, a majority of white women have supported republican party in every election since 2003

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: did this GOP tactic work

no, they seemed backwards

is there a mother gap

no, women with children do not vote differently (moms do like social welfare though)

what does school reinforce

norms of a democratic society

lecture: what is the Nordic phenomenon

northern europe has a lot of female representatives no communist history and no quotas it can be explained by their rules of the game which reward female participation

Culture war: The country is ____ polarized on the issue of abortion

not

Women's anger management may _______

not be accounted for in existing anger models- Anger Management should consider what can't be seen, the kind of anger girls are more likely to experience - it is ok to feel angry

Among the youth clinton's gender was _____

not enough to make her a ground breaker- she's a woman but she's white, well off, and straight, she wasn't exciting enough

presentations: third dimension of power for michelle obama

not everyone from her background believed that they could get out of the area through education

lecture: for defense spending women are more likely to ____

not like increase in defense spending

Jane Mansbridge: women in districts represented by a woman are _____ to contact their representatives than women in districts represented by a man

not more likely- this may be cuz the size in communication gap between men and women may be smaller

presentations: nikkita oliver criticisms

not much administrative experience labeled as a BLM activist

Female candidates judges as mature faced were ______

not perceived as more competent than baby-face men

lecture: problem with trustee

not very democratic

lecture: symbolic representation

nothing to do with SR there is value to having someone like me in office even if they don't represent my values -socialization effect: no one thinks it's a problem anymore

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Female candidates in congressional districts are not a _____

novelty

women and men engage in the same _____

number of political activities, but women are more likely to attend church and donate their time and money to the church

presentations: who released chelsea manning

obama

We are left to conclude that the influence of women candidates is a function ______

of idiosyncratic circumstances of particular elections,such as a mix of candidates, their positions, the issues, media coverage, and public awareness

lecture:Most Leaders of women's movement 1 were _____

of the Liberal Feminist Mindset

lecture: was women's movement 1 old or new social movement

old (suffrage linked to security )

who nominated claren thomas to US supreme court

old Bush

Jane Mansbridge: The problem of simple categorization becomes much worse when ________

one group is socially dominant and becomes the norm, setting expectations and structuring institutions so that those who do not conform to that norm are perceived as deviant or lesser being

Momsrising.org operates _____

online through social media network- paid sick leave, flexible work schedules

Women's Leadership Forum

operates as the women's outreach arm of the democratic party

women are ____ while men are _____

ornamental; instrumental

For those with no education beyond high school men ______ women in registration and voting (____ men _____ women)

outpace; 52.3%; 47.6%

At all levels of education beyond high school, women ____ men

outperform

among those 75 and older, men _____ women by a margin of ____ points

outvoted; 6

Jane Mansbridge: The visible characteristics were the ________ that allowed her, as a representative, to react as most of her descriptive constituents would have liked.

outward signs of the shared experience

Research in the 60s ______ the difference between primary school boys and girls and it was thought that adult political behavior was a direct result of early childhood experiences

overestimated

Post college women are ______ in programs like _____

overrepresented; americorps, teach for america

Those who stand to benefit the most from working on a cause often ______

participate less frequently than others

Self assessment of political knowledge predicts ______

participatory behavior, and so, a person's perceived level of knowledge will also influence his or her perspective on politicians and politics as well as serve as a political motivator for action

when it comes to voting, ___ outweighs gender

party affiliation

presentations: ruth bader ginsberg led better vs. goodyear tire about ____

pay discrimination

who had the most implicit bias according to age

people over 55

chapter 4 lawless and fox: but in 2014, Women did just as well as men in _______

perceptions of competence in all issues

lecture:how do people settle for substantive representation

picking representatives who seem to support your agenda

Lawless and fox chapter 9: 2015 repubs threatened to strip all funding to____

planned parenthood, almost caused gov shut down- John boehner resigned because of this?

chapter 4 lawless and fox: women do receive attention on ______

policy issues

lecture: PAC stands for what

political action committee

presentations: failures of Planned Parenthood

political self interest and personal beliefs of legislatures influence thier hatred for Planned Parenthood lack of funding- seen as best way to reduce abortions in america violence of pro-life people against Planned Parenthood

presentations: Planned Parenthood there was a need for abortions by

poor rural, non white women

Girls see _____ in becoming a boy and boys see _____ in becoming a girl

positive outcomes; no advantage

lecture: classification of black women's movement

post materialist

lecture: what is 3rd wave feminism (or women's movement 3) also referred to as

postfeminism

lecture: what did bill clinton do

power differential in monica Lewinsky scandal he had A ratings from women agenda groups

The gender-incongruency hypothesis

predicts that gender bias is less likely in domains such as the Senate where women are relatively more prevalent. However, in the case of the presidency, the potential exists for gender bias against women presidential candidates

Josephine jewell dodge

president of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage - married to a man who wanted to establish child care programs for children of the poor and working class

gender alone influences evaluations of ______

presidential candidates

presentations: where did michelle obama go to school

princeton and harvard

presentations: where did sonia sotomayor go to college

princeton and yale

presentations: condoleezza rice criticized as a female

private about personal life didn't focus on women's issues conservative

Lawless and fox chapter 9: ¼ of states restrict ____

private insurance from covering abortions and must inform women that the fetus can feel pain

presentations: Planned Parenthood women shifted from ___

private sphere to public sphere and married at a later age, delaying childbirth women participated more and more in workforce and education

lecture: emily's list is a ____

pro choice PAC

Culture war: since the 90's democrats have been consistently more ____ than republicans

pro-choice

lecture: wish list is a

pro-life PAC raising money for female candidates

Michelle Obama had a lot of _______

professional accomplishments before becoming first lady and becoming first lady effectively ended her professional career (law degree from harvard)

presentations: elizabeth warren became a ____

professor

Jane Mansbridge: Constitutional designers have reason to institute policies that _______

promote descriptive representation

lecture: nords have a ____ system

proportional systems rational voting and the proportional benefit

Lawless and fox chapter 9: Each side is convinced that national trends and abortion statistics ______

proves their positions

The National Federation of Republican women

provides a forum for women in the republican party

lecture: what did frances conley do

public resignation from Stanford University 1991 over widespread sexual harrassment

Culture war:Question wording makes a difference in how people respond to _____

questions about abortion

Jane Mansbridge: The political sympathy we feel for others groups is never _______

quite the same as that which these groups feel for themselves

The sex barrier may be more prominent than the ______

race barrier

lecture: what gaps are larger than the gender gap

race, class, education

lecture:explain strategies and tactics

racialism/traditionalism

presentations: carol mosely braun story rachel said she will be on the exm

racism in senate an amendment to civil rights legislature strong therman said "i'm gonna make her cry" in an elevator

Lawless and fox chapter 9: legislators have _____ abortion restrictions

ramped up

presentations: nikkita oliver

ran for mayor of seattle and placed 3rd in primaries

lecture: another institution for parity

ranked preference systems (Single Transferrable Vote)

the decision to vote is a ____

rational calculation of costs and benefits

women and men ______

react differently to political environment, experience changes in society different, and exhibit different political responses to these changes

presentations: who appointed sandra day o'conner and why

reagan cuz he wanted to close the gender gap and get the women's vote

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: among what voters is the gender gap largest

unmarried voters

why do black women lag behind white women in winning legislative seats

the lingering belief that black women are not serious and credible candidates-Their skin tone influences how their colleagues and constituent viewed them Black women's legislative experience is connected to what they look like

Culture war: Nuanced popular views of abortion are reflected in ______

the majority approval of regulating some aspects of abortion

Jane Mansbridge: The deeper the communicative chasm between a dominant and a subordinate group _______

the more descriptive representation is needed to bridge that chasm

Culture war: The gap is not a result of women moving to the democratic party, it instead reflects _____

the movement of men away from the democratic party to the republican party

Jane Mansbridge: When systemic barriers to participation have been eliminated through reform and social evolution ________

the need for these affirmative steps will disappear

lecture:principal

the people being represented

lecture: agents

the people doing the representing

While men are more likely to know which party holds the majority in the house, women are more likely to know _______

the percentage of women in congress

Gender socialization

the process by which girls and boys learn to differentiate between the sexes and act according to the norms and expectations appropriate to their sex

what does the impact of the gender gap depend on

the proportion of men and women voting in any single election, women have been turning out in higher proportion and in higher numbers, a gender gap favoring women is a determining force in the outcome of these elections

lecture: because elites dropped support for ERA _____

the public followed, the public usually follow the elite

Jane Mansbridge: Descriptive representation is most likely to enhance substantive representation when ____

the representative body reflects the inner diversity of any descriptively denominated group

Women differ from each other along ______

the same social lines that divide men

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: The gender gap with white women and men and black women and men is _______ , but it is smaller for _______

the same; latinos

Leaders in the women's movement were relatively silent during the congressional debate over welfare reform even when _____

the tone and content became a thinly veiled racist attack on poor single mothers

Implicit bias

the unconscious tendency to associate certain qualities with certain groups

The GOP is further away from _______

the voters positions, trends favor dems with more seculars, young voters, educated, and singles, minorities

the gap in political knowledge can be attributed to ______

the ways knowledge is measured

what do republicans say about rape (well one republican said this)

the woman's body has a way of shutting pregnancy down

Young men and women who are most engaged in politics are also involved and invested in ______

their communities - come from families where their parents model civic behavior by voting, these young people are more likely to be registered to vote

lecture: issues in self identification

there is little distance in self identification between men and women When asked questions to measure ideology for policy, women's positions are more likely to be liberal Self-identified moderate women are more likely to express liberal views Self-identified conservative men are more likely to express moderate views therefore, women are more likely to vote against own self interests

chapter 4 lawless and fox: The public is deeply subscribed to the notion that gender bias permeated the electoral arena but ________

there is none

Privileged women has a particular gender experience ____

they were capable of reform work or philanthropy because of their upper class version of womanhood, therefore they has an interest in continuing their gendered influence

presentations: Pramila jayapal on 9/11

things are going to be hard for people who look like be

the vote did not make women and men ______

think alike

who is least likely to find politics complicated

those who have gained leadership experience through school

how do children learn

through imitation and modeling

how is gendered behavior encouraged

through play with appropriate toys, toy stores color coded boy and girl aisles

generational differences: Those who come of age during eras of active public feminism (turned 18 during the early 70's) or during the clinton administration are more likely ______

to develop a feminist consciousness and to act on it by supporting collective action advocating feminist policies

presentations: janet yellen people wrote letters ___

to obama to appoint yellen to federal reserved

presentations: nancy pelois experiences the baltimore effect which means

to work hard and have dicipline

presentations: michelle obama critics says she was ___

too white and too muscular

presentations: chelsea manning

trans whistler blower on U.S. wrong doings in Iraq and afghanistan joined military - don't asked don't tell (don't want to hear about sexuality) wikileaks video on U.S. helicopter gunning down reporters in middle east and unlogged deaths arrested and spent 8 months in solitary confinement

Between the ages of 12 and 15, the number of girls who have depression ______

triples

Jane Mansbridge: Having more women in office _______

unquestionably makes government policies more responsive to the interests of most women

true/false: Americans largely agree on when and why abortion should be legal

true

true/false: Black women show a stronger implicit bias than white women do

true

true/false: The gender-incongruency hypothesis suggests that men running for high-level, powerful, authoritative positions are favored because these roles are (as a cause or consequence) male-dominated

true

true/false: This unconscious bias was especially strong among women who supported trump

true

true/false: all groups of voters have implicit bias against black people and that the level of bias is higher among Trump voters.

true

true/false: conservative women have the highest implicit bias

true

true/false: women are more depressed as adults

true

true/false: women hold more internalized biased against women than men do

true

Women face cultural expectations and men do not have the same expectations placed on them

trueee

In the united kingdom: Women are more likely to _____

turnout to vote if they are represented by a woman and are more likely to become involved in an electoral campaign on behalf of a female candidate

Jane Mansbridge: if one group is historically dominant and the other historically subordinate dominance and subordination

typically breeds inattention in the dominant group and distrust in the subordinate group

presentations: did NOW make a difference in political culture

um nah but did make a difference in local politics of people and san francisco

Calling a female candidate such sexist names as "ice queen" and "mean girl" significantly _____

undercuts her political standing

women are more likely than men to _______

underestimate women's representation

young people _____ relative to their total proportion among eligible voters- this has been true since 1996

underperform

Clinton is see as playing the gender card whereas obama is seen as ______

unifying by citing civil rights confrontations

what do members of women's orgs gain

valuable political and leadership skills that allow them to access politics at all levels -may facilitate citizen contact with public officials, or political party activity -can propose policy and lobby on women's issues

Chapter 6 lawless and fox: Differences in men and women's _____ shape their political views and affiliation

values

lecture:public women

variable sense of efficacy some control over life space

Senators speculated openly on national television about _____

various psychological disorders hill might be suffering from

Jane Mansbridge: the shared experience captured by descriptive representation facilitates _____

vertical communication between representatives and constituents- voters and representatives who share experiences can engage in accurate communication - also forge bonds of trust

according to UCLA in 2015 college students were ____

very politically active

presentations: tammy duckworth is a _____

veteran (has discipline and principles) disabled had baby while in office - allowed to bring young child to floor while voting

presentations: who does tammy duckworth help

veterans child care diabled americans asian americans

what do women do more than men in political participation

volunteering, membership in community organizing and voting

Gender does not work in a vacuum, in some cases ______

voter intersectional identities may align to produce a stronger attachment to one political party, and in other cases it might move them towards the independent party

lecture: what activities do women do more of in terms of political participation

voting

lecture: what did frances conley write

walking out on the boys

At age 7, about the same share of girls and boys say they ____ But far more 15-year-old boys than girls want to be _____

want to be president; president

In a separate study 88% of people said they thought terry _____

was a male name

Jane Mansbridge: If the dominant group forbid another from voting in the past then _____

we can assume those structures still exist

lecture: when we say that there was a 10% increase in the number of women holding elected office what does that mean

we went from 2 to 6 female senators

lecture: explain targets

what is the demand? to whom? to the political culture? to the national government?

lecture:when did women's movement 2 die out

when ERA failed

lecture:The "triple Burden" Hypothesis

when a state is transitioning to a democracy women votes decline because women have to work and take care of home and are required to participate which results in them being fed up and a backlash occurs

lecture: substantive representation

when principals and agents have the same values and interests

Jane Mansbridge: pseudo-description

when voters use characteristics of representatives as cues for substantive representative, the accuracy of these cues depends on the degree to which the descriptive characteristics are in fact aligned with the interests of the majority of voters in their district

Jane Mansbridge: a cost to construction of social meaning

when you say that a group is disadvantaged then it erodes the public presentation of the group as equal

Lawless and fox chapter 9: what kind of people are least supportive of abortion

while evangelical protestants, high school diploma, over age of 65

presentations: nacy pelosi became _____ in 2001

whip

Racism said that black men are too masculine, so ____

white men see black men's presence as masculinity affirming

chapter 4 lawless and fox: Female incumbents of color performed at least as well as ______

white women

how does lack of political knowledge impact running for office

why would you run for office if you feel like you don't know enough about it

Candidates perceived as competent had a higher probability of ______

winning both simulated and real elections

what happened in states with poll taxes and literacy tests

women and black women were affect to a greater degree than men to vote

lecture: success of women's movement 2

women are elected and appointed

lecture: socio-structural explanation for nordic phenomenon

women are in the workforce which leads to high participation Double and Triple Burdens Access to childcare, maternity leave, etc... Women's participation in social institutions- increase in political efficacy Gendered senses of political efficacy

lecture:The "Double Burden" Hypothesis

women are less likely to participate cuz they have to work and do domestic work the element is time was though that you need to make it easier to register to vote because it takes too much time motor voter laws but this hypothesis is debunked women who vote most work

chapter 6 lawless and fox: explain the "women are more compassionate" explanation for the gender gap

women are more supportive of equal rights and equal spending on the poor and elderly

But in the US there is little empirical analysis to support the assumption that symbolic representation is provided by _____

women candidates or at least that their symbolic presence translates into increase in political attitudes and behaviors

lecture:The Discrimination Hypothesis

women do not participate because of discrimination

in terms of giving money ___

women give less frequently and in smaller amounts

what might explain higher women's voting

women have a history of community based involvement

lecture:Efficacy and Knowledge Hypotheses

women have lower sense of efficacy and knowledge - specifically on international affairs more women are likely to start at the local level

lecture: civil liberty gaps

women less likely to support atheists communists and racists

lecture:traditionalism gap

women more likely to express traditional family values (like premarital sex and porn)

lecture:women on crime

women more likely to fear being a victim of a crime

lecture: women on women's movements

women more supportive of the movement

Without role models to give voice to their concerns ______

women of color are also less likely to be involved in electoral politics as voters

Kate Douglas Wiggin

women should not be in the limelight

The older girls get, the fewer ______

women they see in positions of power and leadership

lecture:The Employment Hypothesis

women who are employed turnout to vote more unemployment leads to less voting

The group with the highest level of implicit bias against linking women with careers was _____

women who planned to vote for Trump

Then national political parties and state party organizations created special ____

women's auxiliaries designed to educate and mobilize female voters

lecture: gender gap in 2016

women's behavior didn't change much but men's did Clinton won women by about 12 points and Trump won men by about 12 points

lecture: women's movement 2 is also referred to as

women's liberation movement

lecture: symbolic representation increases ___

women's sense of efficacy "if other women can do it than i can do it too"

lecture: what is betty friedan's the problem that has no name

women's unhappiness in the private sphere women were medicating themselves to mask feelings

presentations: anita bryant

worked with phyllis schafley against ERA

presentations: cathy mcmorris rogers grew up with

working class parents, picked apples, she worked at mcdonalds

Girls are more likely to thier anger is ______

wrong

barbie for president doll

yeah

lecture:tailhook scandal 1991

yearly convention of navy professional women reported sexual assault during conventions and they were silenced patricia schroeder congress did an investigation

so women vote differently than men

yes

lecture: if the bottoms needs have not been met then _____

you don't care about anything about it

lecture: who participates least

young single mothers latina

Lawless and fox chapter 9: what kind of people are Most supportive of reproductive rights

young, college, educated, non religious

lecture:Shirley Chisholm

•1969 - 1st African American Woman Elected to Congress •1972- 1st Major party black presidential candidate

lecture:Problems of Opportunity Structure for women's movement 1

•Activists were divided over goals, strategies and tactics •Opportunity Structure was a mixed bag for the movement - Temperance and Abolition provided experience and enemies •Lack of unity across race and class •Not all believed suffrage should be the goal •Ignored regional cultural differences: Women were already voting in the West Women in the South weren't on board Women in the North and Midwest varied in support of radical v. institutional tactics

lecture: why do people think we are in a 4th wave of feminism

•Changes in technology and use of technology (particularly social media) •Cross-cultural cooperation, particularly on women and security issues •Cross-generational and cross religious emphasis --- some argued the 3rd wave, while sensitive to gender and race identity issues, ignored older, younger and religious women

lecture: generalizations of women's movement 3

•Increases in women's turnout •Increases in fundraising for female candidates (and we'll see later new strategies) •Increases in representation across state and national government •Renewed emphasis on trans-identity mobilization •No central "Liberal" (i.e. institutional) theme •Increase in the number of organizations focused on descriptive presentation

lecture: how did the civil war impact women's movement 1

•Many suffragists scaled back participation on the gaining the vote in favor of abolition •Many believed that Northern victory would result in an expansion of the franchise that would include women •15th Amendment to the constitution was ratified in 1870 --- extended suffrage to black men but not women. •Stanton, Anthony and Mott did not live to see suffrage for women.

lecture: who was charlotte woodard pierce

•The only woman who attended the Seneca Falls Convention who lived to see the ratification of the 19th Amendment. •Did not live to cast a vote.

lecture: what were the social realities of the 90's

•Women increasingly becoming "breadwinners" •Women making up ½ the work force •Attributed as much to the disproportionate displacement of men as the entry of women (unemployment for men went up) •By 2000s, 4 in 5 families were not "traditional" in the sense that adult males were breadwinners and females homemakers

lecture: problems for women's movement 2

•Women's "Lib" v. Women's Rights •Backlash- emphasis on gender politics produced backlash (Susan Faludi wrote gainst feminism and feminism declined •emphasis on gender politics would also help usher in 3rd wave of the movement •Essentialism v. Egalitarianism- essentialism debate was really important •Liberal v. Cultural Debate

Culture war: ____ of america oppose partial birth abortion except when the health of the mother is at stake

⅔

Men are ____ more likely than women to watch late night shows such as the daily show, and more likely than women to access political news and political blogs on the internet

⅔

lecture: mass media portrayal of the gender gap

◦Sometimes fail to distinguish participatory (i.e. voting) gap v. ideological gap ◦Sometimes distorts the gap (1988 reports of a 15 point gap --- was really 7)