WOMENS STUDIES 101 EXAM 2

Institution

A mechanism of social order. They govern the behavior of individuals for a social purpose by mediating rules.

Reproductive Justice

he human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities."

Meritocracy

holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability

Socialization

"Socialization is a lifelong process of social interactions through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society."

In what ways are physically and mentally disabled women discriminated against in terms of their sexuality, access to services, and ability to parent? (Cassandra Sardina) (From WIR 351-352)

- they're targeted for forced sterilization -They are assumed to not be sexually active so they are not provided sex ed and have limited access to birth control. -infantilized-seen as children -physical access-wheelchair or rails, facial features, body traits -mental/emotional- education for special needs and willingness to explain things more detailed. -Disproportionately face sexualized violence -invisible vs visible disabilities in employment and other opportunities

What are the four main institutions of socialization?

Media Schools Peers family

Sterilization

Medical process by which the ability to have children has been removed or altered.

What is the difference between being color blind versus being color brave? (Alexandra Nelson).

-Color blind = being negligent towards race, looking past the issue avoiding awkward conversation ex, racism. -Color brave= race acceptance, accept cultural differences, being able to acknowledge there is issues and discuss them, recognizing racism when brought to attention. -Mellody Hobson

differences between wealth gap and pay gap

-The wealth gap is more severe. Wealth includes all assets (income, land, etc.) -The pay gap is the difference between men and women's salary. Women are paid less: (1) 77% of men's pay is white women's pay (2) 61.9% black women (3) 51.9% latinas

How many Puerto Rican women are sterilized?

1 in 3

how many women have an abortion in their lifetime

1 in 4

What percentage of social security is paid by payroll tax?

100%

How many unsafe abortions occur each year?

20 million

How many live below the poverty line?

30%

what percentage of women have used birth control in their life

99%

La Operación

A documentary film by Ana María García about US-imposed sterilization policies in Puerto Rico, exploring the mass sterilization of Puerto Rican women during the 1950s and 1960s

Population Control

A policy of attempting to limit growth in numbers of population. Especially in poor populated areas by programs of contraception and sterilization

Power

Ability to influence and access resources that are provided by authority, force, strength, control, usually separated as economic/cultural

SPENT

An online challenge providing an example of the difficulties of being a single parent, with little savings, after losing one's job.

ABLEISM

Discrimination or favoritism towards those who are able-bodied or without physical or mental handicaps.

Housework

Domestic, unpaid labour typically performed by women.

True/False: TANF and SNAP are available to ALL populations regardless of their citizenship status. (Liridian Gamboa)

False

15% of the population lives at or below the actual poverty line? (Sjaella Schneekloth)

False (x) False, actual poverty line takes into account actual cost (30%)

Title X

Federal funding that helps ensure that every person regardless of their background has access to basic preventive reproductive care

Mellody Hobson

Gave the TED Talk on the difference of being color blind and color brave.

What is hiring bias and how does it increase the wage gap?

Hiring Bias is a form of discrimination based on race, gender, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, sexual orientation, and gender identity by employers. Jobs predominantly done by women pay less on average than jobs predominantly done by men.This persistent occupational segregation is a primary contributor to the lack of significant progress in closing the wage gap.

INTERSECTIONALITY - PERSONALITY

How a person occupies multiple social positions that shape their experiences.

GENDER IDENTITY

How an individual sees themself on the gender spectrum May be independent of gender expression and biological sex.

Gender Expression ("doing gender")

How you demonstrate/communicate your gender. By the way you act, dress, behave and interact. All are culturally and socially constructed. Stereotyping and social roles.

What was the decision of the Burwell v. Hobby Lobby court case, and how does it affect women's reproductive freedom in the workplace?

It allows employers to fire women for premarital sex, use of contraception, and use of the IVF

Willis Lynch

Man who was sterilized without consent. Lynch was viewed by the state as unfit to parent and was forced into sterilization

Double Consciousness/ Internalized Oppression

Oppressed groups have the ability of seeing themselves through two lenses: societies and their own. Therefore, they might consider themselves inferior because the public view prevails in their lives.

OPRESSION

Oppression is the inequitable use of authority, law, or physical force to prevent others from being free or equal.

What are the most common forms of contraception? (Sjaella Schneekloth)

Pill and sterilization

population control

Population control - normally targets minority groups (forced sterilization). Birth control is a personal choice. "Unfit" people were people with disabilities, POC (women), poverty, Queer folk

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? How does one effect the other? And, what are the consequences of both?

Prejudice- attitudes Discrimination- actions

Peggy McIntosh

Senior Research scientist and Associate Director of Wellesley Center for women Founder of the National S.E.E.D (Seeking Education Equality and Diversity) program

Does biological sex relate to gender identity? Why or why not? (Jodi Hieronymus)

Sex and gender identity can be entirely different or the same depending on the person

Sexual Health/Literacy

Sexual literacy is the knowledge needed to protect one's own sexual health. They are both needed to have access to and choose safe and affordable options.

Loretta Ross

She served as a National Co-Director of the March for Women's Lives in D.C. Launched NOW in 1980s.

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

Signed into law by president Barack Obama.. Act allows worker protections against pay discrimination. 180 days after last pay discrimination

Color brave

State of accepting the differences between people on the notion of race and seeing such as characteristic outside of ability

SNAP

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Hobby Lobby V Burwell (2013)

Supreme court case allowing businesses to fire women for using birth control, having an abortion, using IVF and having sex out of marriage.

Who was Susan Davis and what was her role in contraceptives for women?

Susan Davis was a eugenicist woman who developed the birth control pill. Though her reasoning may have been to eliminate certain groups of people from reproducing, she developed a form of technology that allowed many women to control when they are susceptible to becoming pregnant.

CLASS PRIVILEGE

System in which a group receives benefits based on their class status Upper class, Middle class, lower class

To what extent did the impact of the Roe vs.Wade passing have on women in 1973?

The Impact of the Roe vs. Wade passing on women in 1973 was that the right for abortion was between a woman and her doctor in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Wealth Gap

The disparity between the assets managed by different groups. These include property, savings, 401k and subtracting all debts and loans. Caused by income inequalities among other societal issues.

Pay Gap

The disparity between what a white male and other groups earn in the same profession with equitable education. Generally described as the percent a group will earn to the white male dolar.

Colorblind

The false notion of not being prejudiced against people of color, while simultaneously doing nothing for them.

Pay Equity

The idea of equal pay for equal work. Generally opposed by men thinking it means their pay will be reduced, though it is meant to provide an increase in wages for other groups.

POVERTY VS ACTUAL POVERTY

The poverty of the past differs to the actual poverty now. The poverty threshold of our current time is the threshold that was in act in the 1960s. Living costs are different now than they were in previous years.

RESISTANCE

The refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument.

DOUBLE BIND

The simultaneous burden of being in the wrong regardless of position. Ie: women and clothing, if covered then a prude, if not then slut.

Reproductive Violence

Threats or acts against a partner's reproductive health and decisions Collection of behaviors intended to pressure someone during reproductive decisions

In 2009, for full-time employees, women's weekly earnings were 80% of men's; African-American women earned 69% of white men, and Latina women only 60%

True

Social Security

any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.

INVISIBILITY

being unseen by others in a social environment. A sense of disconnectedness from the surrounding world is often experienced by invisible people. (Del Myer)

What metaphor does Frye use to symbolize oppression?

birdcage

HUMAN DIFFERENCE v. HUMAN DEVIANCE

difference-characteristics that distinguish between individuals and groups, based on their social/cultural experiences. Deviance- Action or behavior that violates social norms.

Heterosexism

discrimination or prejudice against people on the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation

Peggy McIntosh believes that racism is only about changing people's attitudes about it.

false

has the ERA been passed?

false

What is the metaphor used to describe white privilege?

invisible knapsack

CONTROL

maintain influence or authority over the power to influence or direct people's behavior in or the course of events

Which women are most likely to have an abortion?

married women with 2 kids

Obliviousness

not being aware of or not being concerned about what is happening around one

INFORMED CONSENT

permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits.

PRIVILEGE

principle/condition of enjoying special rights or immunities

IDEOLOGY

the ideas and manner of thinking characteristic of a group, social class, or individual

According to Susan Davis, contraception use began in 1850 BCE

true

The U.S. is the 2nd greatest country in income equality?

true

The use of contraception increases a women's ability to complete an education and earn higher wages

true

There are more than 2 genders according to some cultures

true

almost a fifth of american households have an annual income of below $20k

true

sterilization is federally funded

true