Worksheet 7

frame rate in HD video, 23.976. It is a 0.1% speed reduction of 24fps to convert it to TV ~ frame rate in US film applications, 24. Originally used in non-linear editing of film ~ European frame rate in TV, 25, it is the standard for HD video ~ 30, used in very often in editing and also Flying Faders

.List the four (4) most common frame rates (from lowest to highest). Identify what each rate us, some history behind it and what it is used for.

MIDI

1980's musical instrument digital interface

SPDIF

2 audio channels encoded in a serial data stream that are unbalanced using an RCA phono plug

AES/EBU

2 audio channels encoded in a serial data stream transmitted through an XLR balanced line

65,536

A 16 bit word uses _ (number) discrete voltage steps to code amplitude

DANTE

A combination of software, hardware, and network protocols that deliver uncompressed, multi-channel, low-latency digital audio over a standard Ethernet network using Layer 3 IP packets is known as

Amplitude

All recorded numbers, or binary digits in a digital recording represent:

HFS +

Apple initialization known as extended and journalized. Supports block addresses of 32bit files

MP3

Audio coding format that uses a form of lossy data compression

BWF

Based on Microsoft RIFF. Allows metadata in header. Used for archival

the sample rate has to be a minimum of 2x the max frequency that is being recorded

Briefly define the "Nyquist Limit" is (not the theory)

EuCon

Developed by Euphonix _ is a high-speed Ethernet protocol that allows for information of faders, knobs, displays, etc to be controlled by a control surface and the host recording software application utilized by the computer

Jitter

Deviation in the periodicity of a waveform in relation to a reference clock source that causes changes in overall shape of a waveform is known as

DSD

Direct Stream Digital. One bit with a 2.8MHz sampling rate. SACD stored in this format

Sample Rate

During the digital recording process, the number of measurements taken per second is called the

EIDE

Enhanced Integrated Device ~ 80-pin serial cable/bus controller with transfer rate of 60-100 MBps.

ESATA II

Enhanced Serial Advanced Technology Attachment ~ Serial cable/bus controller with transfer rate at 1.5-3.0 GBps.

True

Even though individual digital clocks found in interfaces are accurate, they do run at different speeds at the same speed

1000^6

Exa

MTC is a form of SMPTE that is encoded. Midi interface is used with a 5-pin midi cable with timecode.

Explain how MTC works

FAT

File Allocation Table. Partition size limited to 2GB. 16bit block address

Optical

Format also refered to as lightpipe

TDIF

Format developed by Tascam

FLAC

Free Lossless Audio Codec. Supports 192 kHz 24 bit uncompressed file

1000^3

Giga

2

How many measurements did Harry Nyquist discover were needed to represent a waveform?

Wordclock

If a series of digital devices are connected, their _ inputs and outputs should be synchronized

quantization, bit depth

In digital audio, dynamic range is called (a) , or (b) _

compression, rarefraction

In regard to Nyquist's measurements, the positive, or crest of the waveform represents the _ while the negative or trough is called the _.

Type, 1/10

In regards to dither, what is deemed acceptable many times depends on the _ of the source material. Less than _ (fraction) of one bit is added.

IDE

Integrated Device ~ 40-pin serial cable/bus controller with transfer rate of 16-33 MBps.

Dither

Intentional noise added to randomize quantization error caused when downsampling and/or lowering the bit rate is called:

1000

Kilo

Linear Time Code

LTC is an abbreviation for:

MP3

MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III

Midi Time Code

MTC is an acronym for

1000^2

Mega

NTFS

New Technology file system

HFS

Older apple version for initializing a HD previous to IOS 10. 16 bit block address

RedNet

Originally developed by Audinate as "Digital Audio Network Through Ethernet", the audio manufacturer Focusrite developed modular network-based audio interfaces known as_ that harness the quality of digital audio being transferred over an audio networking system

6

Overall dynamic range is calculated by multiplying bit depth by how many dB (number)?

FAT32

PC Initialization supporting large HD with 32 block address. Read/write on windows and Mac. Max file size = 4GB. Max volume size = 2TB

1000^5

Peta

AIFF

Reduced amount of data designed to sound like the original uncompressed audio

Bandwidth

Reducing an audio file size with data compression lowers the sampling rate, or the _ of the recording

SCSI

Small Computer Systems Interface ~ began with an internal bus transfer rate of 5 MBps in 1986 and later maxed out at 640 MBps in 2003

SPDIF

Sony Phillips digital interface

1000^4

Tera

1 hours, 3 minutes, 12 seconds, and 15 frames AND a time code address

The Following numbers 1:03:12:22 represent:

96 kHz

The Highest recordable frequency of a 192 kHz digital recorder is?

1 hour, 29 minutes, 15 seconds, and 2 frames

The address 01:29:15:02 represents what specific values?

10

The approximate file size of an uncompressed stereo, one minute, 16-bit sample at 4444.1 kHz is (number of megabytes

Sample Rate

The frequency response of digital recording is referred to as its

the sound quality is very good with digital recordings. It is very clear and has very little noise. Also, it is much more efficient because the quality does not go bad.

The most revolutionary aspect of digital recording is:

LTC

The synchronization button engages on the expanded transport in Protools that outputs time code is labeled as

144

Theoretically, a 24-bit file should have a dynamic range of _ (number) dB.

10 Gbits/sec

Thunderbolt

20 Gbits/sec

Thunderbolt 2

40 Gbits/sec

Thunderbolt 3

True

Thunderbolt 3 uses a USB Type-C connector

True

Time code is a form of metadata

timing reference for editing -the synchronization of video and musical performances -the exact location for the placement of level, pan, and timbre changes

Timecode is vital to the integration of film, video and audio because it helps provide:

1000^8

Totta

MP4

Using the setting of 128 kbit/s will result in a file about 1/11 the size

BNC

What connector (acronym) is used in a wordclock cable?

A drive partition is used to divide a hard drive up into separate units as if each partition is its own hard drive. This improves efficiency because the the drive operates within smaller sections. A hard drive can be split up into different sections to make workflow and file management easier.

What is a drive partition? What purpose(s) do they serve?

A digital file used to identify interleaved different media data types. Audio formats or audio and video streams with meta data along with synchronization info needed to play back.

What is a multimedia container?

Is an algorithm that compresses and decompresses data in software. Hardware ~ analog converts to digital then back to D/A

What is an audio codec? In software? In hardware?

It reduces the amount of data needed to make high-quality sound. It is advanced because it is able to block out excess noise that people hear. It is used with audio data compression

What is perceptual coding? What is it based on? Where is it used? How does it work?

110

What ohm level (number) is digital audio cable?

SMPTE

What specific synchronization standard was named after the society of motion picture and television Engineers to label individual frames of video or film?

Coaxial

What type of cable is used to connect wordclock?

SMPTE

What type of synchronization must be generated for FLYING FADERS to follow PROTOOLS and locate its exact positions in time (acronym)?

You avoid time based errors being introduced.

Why does digital signal need to remain the same throughout its transfer life?

1000^7

Zetta

Sample Rate, Hz

_ _ is the frequency at which an imaging or synchronization device displays and generates consecutive images from an individual snapshot in time. The term applies equally to film and video cameras, computer graphics, motion capture systems and audio. It is expressed in _ (abbreviation)

Ethernet

_ is a system for connecting multiple computers that form a local area network with protocols to central information between them

Wordclock

_ is used to generate a constant bit rate between several digital devices connected at the same sample rate

MADI

allows up to 64 channels of digital audio to be sent on one coaxial cable

AES/EBU

audio engineering society/ european broadcast union

HDMI

combined video and audio into a single interface with a bandwidth of up to 5 GBs/sec

Thunderbolt

combines pci express and display port technology producing transfer rates up to 10 GBit, intell lightpeak in 2011

Firewire

developed by Apple. Standardized as IEEE 1394. Actually preceded USB.

TDIF

format carrying 16 channels of a digital audio on a single 25 pin cable

TOSLINK

format carrying 8 channels of a digital audio on a single optical cable

MADI

multi-channel audio digital interface

MIDI

protocol allowing synths, drum machines etc to communicate or control one another via a 5 pin cable

SATA

serial transfer technology attachment ~ Serial cable/bus controller with transfer rate of 150 MBps to 300-600 MBps.

USB 2.0

universal serial bus limited to 480 ml transfer rate

USB 3.0

universal serial bus w/ transfer rate of up to 5 Gbit/s