World Geography Chapter 6 Canada
transport systems
Reliable ______________________ has been essential to the economic growth of Canada due to its large land area.
Canadian Rockies
The ______________ extend northward from the Rockies in the United States.
Inuit
The _______________ are the indigenous peolpe of the Canadian Arctic.
Quebec Act
The _________________, passed by the British in 1774
literacy rate / public and private schools
The __________________ in Canada is 99 percent, and there is an extensive network of _________________________.
United States
The ___________________ has more trade with Canada than any other country.
Average Canadian Family
The ____________________ contains three members.
Trans-Canada Highway
The ____________________ runs 4,860 miles from Victoria, British Columbia, to St. John's, Newfoundland.
Gulf Stream
The _______________________ is a warm, northward flowing ocean current off the southeastern coast of Canada.
St. Lawrence River
The _________________________ flows about 760 miles (1,223 km) from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the Atlantic.
Makensie River/Great Slave Lake
The _________________________ which flows from the ______________________ to the Arctic Ocean, drains much of Canada's northern interior.
Pacific Ranges
The __________________________ force moist ocean air upward, where it cools and releases moisture, causing heavy rainfall.
Fraser River
The _____________________________ flows southwest and drains into Pacific Ocean just south of Vancouver.
Appalachian Mountains
The _______________________________ - heavily eroded are North America's oldest mountains.
Canadian Shield
The ______________________________________ is a giant core of rock anchoring the continent and centered on Hudson Bay and James Bay.
Status of Women in Canada (SWC)
The __________________was created in 1971 to increase women's participation and equality in employment, public life, and education.
limited
The amount and variety of vegetation is _________________.
Quebec/Montreal/Ottawa
The cities of __________________________________________________ grew up along the St. Lawrence and its tributaries.
Maritime Provinces
They settled in the _________________________ of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.
Constitution Act
This legislative link to Great Britain finally ended in 1892 with the passage of the _______________________________.
Quebecois
This made the French-speaking citizens a minority and fueled French nationalism among ______________________, Quebec's French-speaking inhabitants.
eastern half
This stony land makes up the __________________________________ of Canada and parts of the United States.
67%
Two parents live in ____________________ of Canadian families but the percentage is decreasing just as in the United States.
Edmonton
__________ grew with the development of the petroleum industry
Toronto
___________ Largest city; an industrial and financial center
Nunavut
______________ is the cultural and economic homeland for the Inuit people.
58% / agricultural energy, forestry, and mining products
______________ of Canada's exports were made up of _________________, _____________________, and __________________________.
hills/low mountains
______________, escarpments, __________________, forest and river valleys
Energy, minerals, timber, fish
_______________ , __________________ , _________________ , and _____________ have made Canada wealthy.
Migration
_______________Has been westward to the prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta due to the discovery of oil and natural gas since the 1960s.
Metis
___________________ are persons who have both indigenous and French Canadian ancestry.
Exports
___________________ to the United States amount to over half of all Canadian trade.
Steppe
____________________ (semi-arid) Areas between the Pacific Ranges and Rocky Mountains and east of the Rocky Mountains.
25,000
_____________________ from the Arctic live mostly in settlements of 25 to 500 people with just a few larger towns.
Toronto
_____________________ is highly regarded in the realms of theater and music.
Ice Cap
_____________________- the North
Parliament
_____________________- the national legislature, includes the Senate and the House of Commons.
World War Two
______________________ stimulated the economy, making it a crucial military and industrial power.
winter temperature
_______________________- can fall to -70" F
Great Lakes/ Great Lakes
_______________________- moving glaciers tore at the earth, leaving behind basins that became the _____________________
sparsley populated
________________________ areas of beautiful, pristine wilderness. a. rugged natural areas sometimes have difficulty supporting communities.
Space and aircraft
_________________________ industry
Natural resources and agriculture
_________________________ make up over 60% of Canada's exports.
Great Britain & France
_________________________ rivalry began in 1670, when the British chartered the Hudson's Bay Company to seek a northwest passage to the Pacific Ocean led to wars.
Trade is still central
_________________________ to the Canadian economy.
Subarctic
_________________________- just south of the Arctic Circle
Earliest ancestors
__________________________ arrived in North America thousands of years ago.
2nd largest oil reserves
__________________________ in the world and makes substantial amounts of money from exporting oil and natural gas.
Rugged terrain and a cold arctic climate
__________________________ with a short growing season make much of Canada difficult for human settlement.
loyalists
__________________________, or American colonists who remained loyal to the British government, fled to Canada after the American Revoloution.
French / New France
___________________________ a. Establish claims to land in the region in the early 1600's b. Named ____________________, and part of it became the Province of Quebec.
Ocean Currents
___________________________ play a key role in Canada's climates.
Immigrants
___________________________ to Canada came in search of political and religious freedom, economic and educational opportunities, and refuge from wars.
Boreal forest, also known as Taiga
___________________________, occupies the bulk of Canada's northern area.
Great Bear Lake & Great Slave Lake
___________________________- northern Canada, naturally occurring dams created by glacial ice.
freezing temperatures
____________________________ are common all year because of a lack of direct sunlight.
Winters / summers
____________________________ are overcast and rainy, ________________________ are cloudless and cool.
Rocky Mountain
____________________________ sheep, mountain goats, elk, mule deer, and black bears
timberline/ lichens & mosses
____________________________, the elevation above which trees cannot grow, _______________________________ are found
grasslands and coniferous
_____________________________ forests.
Leader in production
_____________________________ of uranium, iron ore, coal, petroleum, copper, and silver.
High Developed
______________________________ country with bustling cities.
Westward Expansion
______________________________ in Canada came at a price as immigrants pushed First Nations peoples off their lands.
First Nations
______________________________ is a team that refers to indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Inuit or Metis.
Third largest production
_______________________________ center in the English-speaking world, after London and New York City.
Coastal Lowlands
_______________________________ lie to the east of the Appalachians.
Coniferous Evergreen
_______________________________ trees tend to outnumber deciduous trees.
28 million internet
_______________________________ uses - 82 percent of its population .
High-tech & electronic industries
________________________________ rapid growth of.
Niagara Falls - on the Niagara River
_________________________________ forms another part of the Canada U.S. border. The falls are a key source of hydroelectric power.
Great Plains and Interior Lowlands
_________________________________, which extend across the center of the region and south into the United States.
French explorers, missionaries, and settlers
__________________________________ wrote the earliest Canadian literature.
High Latitude climate
___________________________________- Canadian Rockies and Pacific Ranges
Humid Continental
____________________________________- Southern 1/3 Ranges from hot and humid to cool and wet.
Ferns, mosses, and conifers
________________________________________ forest grow here.
Communication networks / e-mail & the internet
_______________________________________________: a. Cellular and digital services using satellites have made telephone communication more accessible in distant places. b. Business transactions and personal communications can be completed instantaneously using ____________________.
Pacific Ranges / Cascade/Coast
a series of sharp-peaked mountains ____________________Range and the________________Range
Tundra
closer to the North Pole
winters / precipitation
long ______________________ and moderate to high _________________________ each year.
Mixed Ethnic Origins
more than one-fourth of Canadians identify themselves as being _________.
Mount Fairweather
on the border of Alaska and western British Columbia, at 15,300 feet (4,663 m) is one of the tallest coastal mountains in the world.
Petroleum and natural gas
Canada's _____________ reserves lie largely in or near Alberta
PM
Canada's ________________ is the actual head of the government.
high standard of living
Canada's _________________________ and government policies protecting multiculturalism are appealing to people of diverse ethnic origins.
Maritime Provinces
Canada's _____________________________ south through the eastern United States to the state of Alabama.
potash
Canada's mineral inventory includes 33% of the world's production of _________ (used in salt and fertilizer)
separate/ pop culture
Canadians struggle to maintain a ______________________ while being bombarded by U.S. ___________________________.
French Speaking
Conflicts continue as _______________________ Canadians seek greater protection protection for their language and culture.
Vancouver School / Nova Scotia College of Art & Design
Contemporary art: a. The "_____________________________" artists focus on photoconceptualism b. _________________________________ is known for innovation in photography and graphic design.
coniferous evergreen
Covered mostly with __________________________ trees.
1/3
Covers ___________ the north part of North America stretching from the Pacific to the Atlantic.
supported by the government
Education and health care are _____________________________.
Full Independance
Gained __________________________ in 1931, but the British government kept the to approve changes to Canada's constitution.
flat but diverse
Generally _______________ in terms of landscape types.
1 million or 4%
More than _________________ of all Canadians identify themselves as of North American Indian, Inuit, or Metis ancestry.
Market Economy
Economy
constitution monarchy
Canada is a ________________________________.
French
In the province of Quebec was established as the dominant language
hydroelectricity
World's 3rd largest producer of ______________________.
2nd largest
World's _______________________________ area of uninterrupted forest.
religious theme
Writings had strong historical and __________________________.
Native and European Cultures/ museums & Scholars
(The Arts) Influenced primarily by _________________________. a. First Nations artists combine old and modern techniques with traditional color schemes and motifs that often relate to the ?????????? world. b. _____________________ focus on art created by native peoples.
Executive, Legislative, Judicial
3 branches of Canada's government
territories/provinces
3_____________________and 10 __________________________.
34 million
81% of Canada's ____________________ inhabitants live in urban areas.
Province
A ____________ is a political unit similar to a state.
caribou
A few needled evergreens survive here, along with herds of woodland _________________________ that are endangered in some areas.
200,000 / Newfoundland
About _______________________ native peoples were living in what is now Canada when Europeans arrived off the coast of ___________________________ in 1947.
Federal Assistance
After the war, Canada sought to improve ___________________ to its citizens through pensions, unemployment insurance and medical care.
mineral resources
Are also plentiful
6 to 16
Attending school is required for children ages ________________.
trade surplus
Canada exports more to the United States than it imports from it, resulting in a __________________________.
sharing a border
Being neighbors and _____________________________ has permitted international trade that is beneficial to the economies of both countries.
Permafrost
Below is permanently frozen subsoil, or ___________________.
Great Britain
Between 1815 and 1855, a million people arrived from _____________________________.
multicultural society
Canada has a ___________________ __________________, largely due to immigration.
dominion
Canada as a _________________________, a partially self-governing country with close ties to Great Britain.
beaver pelts
Drawn to the North American continent to gain riches from precious metals and _____________that came mainly from the Atlantic coast.
rain shadow effect
Drier climate due to _____________________________.
English & French
Early 1800's __________________________________- speaking communities feuded over colonial government policies.
widest temperature ranges
Earth's ______________________________, varying by as much as 120° Fahrenheit, from their bitterly cold winters to cool short summers.
Environmental problems
Extraction has lead to depletion and ________.
United States
Fears of a takeover by the __________________________ forced both to work together.
Executive
Gov-General, Prime Minister, Cabinet
moose, blue jays, ravens
Home to ______________________, black bears, beavers, Canada lynx, wolves, snows shoe hares, Canada jays, _______________________, crows and __________________.
Dominion
In 1867 the colonies of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick united as provinces of the ____________________ of Canada, a new country within the British Empire.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
In 1994 the ______________________________ eliminated tariffs and other trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Parti Quebecois / advocates / political office
In 2012 members from the ______________________________, a political party in Quebec that __________________, or publicly supports, separatism, were elected to ________________________ in Quebec.
thaws
In parts, only a thin layer of surface soil _________________ each summer.
Chinook
In spring, a warm, dry wind called the ___________________ blows down the eastern slopes of the Rockies and melts the snow.
Arctic
In the 1800's, Canada acquired lands stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the ________________________ to the U.S. border.
industrial urban country
In the 1900's Canada became an __________________________.
Commercial Agriculture
Intensive ______________ in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence lowland areas.
average population density
Is about 9 people per square mile
USA
It forms part of Canada's border with the ___________________.
German, Italian and Chinese / Cree and Inktutit
Languages spoken also include __________. Native languages include_______, the language of the Inuit
synthetic crude oil
Large inputs of water are required to transform these substances into _______________ for use by humans
a. Klondike Gold Rush b. Germany Scandinavia c. African Americans d. never practiced slavery / underground railroad
Late 1800's widespread immigration from other parts of the world began: a. the ___________________________, but many more were attracted by the fertile soil of the prairies of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. b. ______________________________, Ukraine, Japan, and China arrived to settle the land. c. In the 1800's Canada also sheltered ____________________ who had escaped slavery in the United States. d. Canada _______________________________. These refugees, many of whom escaped via the ______________________, were safley beyond the reach of American laws once they arrived in Canada.
Coasts / Great Lakes / places that support agriculture, fishing, trade
More densely populated areas are:
life expectancy / infant mortality rates
Long ______________ and low ______________
Christians
Make up the largest religion group (that makes me happy)
provinces
Manitoba, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland became _________________ over the next 100 years.
Countries
Many Canadians can trace their roots back to ___________ from around the world
Seperatism
Many desire Quebec's independence and strongly support _____________________- the breaking away of one part of a country to create a separate, independent country.
hydroelectric projects
Mineral resources were utilized, and _______________________ and transportation systems were developed.
government services
Mining, oil exploration, and pipeline construction, along with a decline in the demand for fur, have increased their reliance on ______________________________.
Supreme Court
Nine judges sit on the ____________________________ of Canada, the country's highest court.
Vancouver
On the Pacific coast, ____________ nearly handles all the trade between Canada and Asia.
wheat, corn and other grain crops / cattle ranches
One of the world's important suppliers of agricultural products, specifically _____________________________. a. Prairie Provinces are major grain producers. b. Many _________________________.
Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Sikhism.
Other religions practiced by Canadians include :___________________. __________________,_______________, ______________, and _______________.
Marine West Coast
Pacific Coast
Margaret Atwood / Yann Martel
Popular modern Canadian fiction writers include ___________________, author of The Handmaid's Tale, and ____________________, author of Life of Pi.
gold, silver, copper
Rocky Mountains yield ______________________.
70%
Services such as transportation and communication, retail, health care, and others provide about ____________ of GDP.
middle elevations
Spruce and fir trees cover the ________________________ of the ranges.
Legislative
Senate, House of Commons
dual income
Since women are increasingly joining the Canadian workforce, there are a growing number of ________________ households.
free trade
Some Canadians continue to dislike the effect ____________________ has had on their culture.
Native peoples
Some are descendants of the country's __________________
Judicial
Supreme Court, Canadian Court System
tar sands
The Athabasca _______ contain large deposits of extremely heavy crude oil.
Quebec
The British eventually drove the French from the Hudson Bay area, capturing __________________ in 1759 and winning control of New France in 1763.
English
The British introduced it into the country
governor-general
The British monarch serves as the head of state and appoints a ____________________________ to act in his or her place.
Iron ore and nickel
The Canadian Shield is rich in ____________________.
NAFTA
The Canadian economy produces goods and services at home as well as being linked to the global economy through imports, exports, and trade agreements such as ___________________________.
Canadian Territory
The Quebec Act extended _____________________________ south to the Ohio River.
French settlers
The Quebec Act gave ______________________________ the right to keep their language, religion, and laws.
severe and snowy / summers
The farther north one travels, the more ______________________________ the winters become, with shorter and cooler ___________________________.
encouraged immigration
The government ________________________________ to Canada.
mistreatment
The injustice was formally recognized in 1998, when Canadian government apologized to native people for their ____________________________.
thawed soil
The layer of _______________________ is even thinner her than in the subarctic, with vegetation limited to low bushes, short grasses, mosses, and lichens.
a. Inuit b. Metis c. First Nations
The main indigenous groups
southern
The majority of Canada's transportation systems are located in the _______________________ part of the country.
Europeans
The native populations declined, as ___________________________ claimed their lands and diseases from Europe spread.
composition
The overall _______________________ of the Canadian family is changing and families have fewer children.
1.25 million
The population of First Nations peoples is about 700,000 of the ______________________ indigenous people in Canada today.
synthetic crude oil
The tar stands in Alberta are a major source of __________________________.
The Toronto Symphony Orchestra; the National Ballet of Canada
The world-renowned ______________________ and the top-ranked ___________________________ call Toronto home.
Atlantic Ocean
Water from these lowlands drains into the _____________________ through the St. Lawrence River.
darkness / summer
Winter _____________________ and bitter cold last for months, and the brief ___________ period brings only limited warming effects.
70%
______ of the country's population is between 15 and 64.
Montreal
_________ is an industrial and shipping center
90%
_________ of the population lives within 100 miles of the US-Canada border.
Rocky Mountains
younger. to the west. Link the United States and Canada, stretching more than 3000 miles (4,828 km) from New Mexico to Alaska.
