World History - Chapter 13.4 - Spain and Portugal

What ancient peoples occupied the Iberian Peninsula?

1. Iberians 2. Phoenicians 3. Celts 4. Greeks 5. Carthagimians

1. Explain how the Reconquista began. 2. What successes did the Spanish achieve by the 13th century?

1. Visigoths and Spanish people who had escaped to establish small kingdoms in northern Spain began to wage their own crusade to take back Spain from the Moors. 2 By the 13th century the Castilians had captured Cordova and Seville from the Moors.

1. What was the Roman name for Spain? 2 How did the Romans influence Spain's development?

1. Hispania 2. During the six centuries of Roman rule, Hispania became very wealthy and its people were Romanized

1. Whose reign marked the beginning of Portugal's greatest days of glory? 2. Describe Portugal's position in the world by the end of the Middle Ages.

1. John I 2. By the end of the Middle Ages, Portugal was a strong nation vying for the control of commerce in the Orient and for territory in distant, uncharted lands.

1. Who invaded Spain in 711? 2. Describe the benefits they brought to Spain.

1. Muslim Moors from North Africa 2. a. Moorish cities prospered culturally and economically, producing such luxuries as silk,cotton, linen and goods made of leather, velvet, jewels and precious metals. b. The Moors also introduced rice, peaches, lemons and oranges to Spain c. Scholarship flourished in Moorish Spain, particularly studies in philosophy, medicine, mathematics chemistry, astronomy, botany, as well as other fields.

1. Describe how Portugal became an independent nation during the Reconquista. 2. Who became the first king of Portugal?

1. Portugal became an independent nation under Henry of Burgundy's son, Alfonso Henriques 2. Alfonso Henriques

1. Who united the kingdoms of Argon and Castile? 2. Name three major events that took place in 1492.

1. Prince Ferdinand of Aragon and Princess Isabella of Castile. 2. a. Ferdinand and Isabella compelled Grananda to surrender, bringing all of Spain under their rule b. They dispatched Christopher Columbus to find a new route to the East Indies c. Antonio de Nebrija wrote a grammar book for the Castilian language that became the basis for the modern Spanish tongue

1. What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition? 2. What did it accomplish?

1. To root up and destroy all "heretics" in Spain 2. Caused Spain's power as a nation to grow considerably and fueled her ambition to rule the world in the name of the Roman church

1. What Germanic tribe conquered Spain in the fifth century A.D.? 2. How did they influence Spain?

1. Visigoths 2. They set up a barbarian kingdom similar to that of the early Franks in France