World History Exam 1st Semester
compass-
Chinese invention which used the magnetic poles to calculate direction; helped advanced exploration on the seas.
Which of the following is generally true about the economies of Muslim cultures?
Extensive trade helped them create new practices like a common currency
How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister?
He took complete control of the government.
What was Mary Tudor's role in the continuing conflict between the Church of England and the Catholic Church?
She returned England to the Catholic Church burning heretics at the stake.
Sharia-
a body of law that includes interpretation of the Quran.
empire-
a group of countries ruled by a single country
What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal?
a heliocentric perspective
sect-
a religious group that has broken away from an established church
What raw materials were exchanged from Americas to Europe? Map will be on test.
rum, tobacco, cotton, sugar
What are some examples of abuses by the Roman Catholic Church?
selling indulgences
Which of the following are examples of an abuse by the Roman Catholic Church during the Renaissance?
selling indulgences
During their rule of China in the 1200s and 1300s, what was the major accomplishment of the Mongols?
stabilized China and increased trade.
Declaration of the Rights of Man. What did it do?
stated rights that all french citizens had in new republic
How do the beliefs of Shiite and Sunni Muslims differ?
sunnis believe that any pious male muslim can lead
Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists
tended to focus more on worldly subjects.
conquistadors-
the Spanish who vanquished the Americas
lay investiture-
the appointment and installation of bishops by non-clergy
divine right-
the belief that the monarchs authority comes directly from god
predestination-
the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not
caliph-
the name for a successor to Muhammad
What is the main reason why wars from 1550 to about 1650 were fought over religion?
the ongoing struggle between Protestants and Catholics for religious and political control.
Use the map on the right to infer what event is correct. Which Portuguese explorer made a journey to west coast of India?
Vasco da Gama made an expedition to the west coast of India.
How did conquest of the Americas affect Spain?
Wealth from the American colonies made Spain Europe's greatest power.
Peter the Great forced Russians to accept social reforms that would make their culture more like that of
Western Europeans.
Which answer best summarizes the main idea of the quotation? "How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation."—Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince
A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic.
This following quote by a modern economist reflects the ideas of which of the following Enlightenment thinkers? "Manufacturing and commercial monopolies owe their origin not to a tendency [naturally found in a] capitalist economy but to governmental interventionist policy directed against free trade and laissez-faire."—Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian economist.
Adam Smith
Statement that explains the concept of popular sovereignty
All government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed.
Which statement best describes the concept of popular sovereignty?
All government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed.
astrolabe-
Allowed sailors to measure the angle of the sun to tell them their latitude.
The inventor who perfected the microscope and was the first person to see cells and microorganisms was
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Which generalization is best supported by the information about the Ottomans in this map on the right?
By the 1500s, the Ottoman Empire controlled parts of the Middle East, North Africa, and eastern Europe.
What contributed to the start of the English Civil War?
Charles' decision to rule without Parliament when they would not pass his tax increases.
In 1453, after defeating the Byzantines, the Ottomans moved their capital to
Constantinople.
What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands.
After the Great Schism, the Byzantine church became known as the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Islam spread to all of the following except
France.
The conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire was
Francisco Pizarro.
Identify a statement likely to me made by a proponent of natural law and natural rights
Government does not grant rights; it protects them.
Which of are the main beliefs of a proponent of natural law and natural rights?
Government does not grant rights; it protects them.
How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism? "Walk forwards in the radiance of the past."—Petrarch
Humanity progresses by building upon past knowledge.
Which statement best describes slavery under Muslim rule?
It encouraged freeing slaves as charitable.
How does this image best show a result of the Columbian Exchange?
It shows horses brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans.
During the First Crusade in 1099, Christian knights succeeded in capturing
Jerusalem.
The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of
John Calvin.
Which Enlightenment thinker most directly influenced the notion expressed in this passage "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness . . ."— The Declaration of Independence
John Locke
The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist
Leonardo da Vinci.
The painting depicts a scene from the rich __________ empire in India, which was established by Muslim leaders.
Mughal
The speaker of the following quote, who was seized from a Nigerian village at the age of 11 by slave traders, is "The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board."
Olaudah Equiano.
Ivan the Great's major accomplishment?
Oversaw the first great expansion of Russia.
The age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts is called?
Renaissance.
Queen Elizabeth I made this decision concerning religion to restore order and peace to England after her father's death
She restored Catholic rituals while keeping the Book of Common Prayers.
Expanded idea that government is a social contract between government and its people in book The Social Contract
Rousseau
What humanist of Northern Europe wrote about his vision of an ideal society, in which people live in peace and harmony?
Sir Thomas More
Storming of the Bastille
Started the french revolution
Which is a true statement about England's Commonwealth?
The Commonwealth was a republic in name, but Cromwell ruled as a dictator.
What can be inferred about the slave trade in Africa?
The Europeans had more footholds on coastal Africa than the inland areas.
What was an effect of the Hundred Years' War?--
The French kings expanded power and English rulers turned to new trading ventures overseas.
Which of the following was one result of the English Bill of Rights of 1689?
The monarch could not interfere in parliamentary debates
Using a text provided and knowledge of history, what can you infer about working conditions for slaves on sugar plantations?
The slaves were worked to death which resulted in a need for more slaves.
Which of the following was an effect of the Black Death?
There were large increases in wages and prices throughout Europe.
The Golden Age of Muslim culture was best known for its
advances in mathematics, science and medicine.
sepoy-
an Indian soldier serving under European orders
The system of common law established by English King Henry II
applied to all of England, unlike local feudal laws.
Declaration of Pilnitz
austria and prussia threatened to intervene to protect french monarchy
Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?
belief in predestination
Effect of British naval power on Napoleon and the Continental System
british traded with rest of empire and british navy too strong
Which of the following beliefs and practices are shared by both Sikhs and Muslims?
rejection of the caste system
In the 1600s, Robert Boyle's work transformed the field of
chemistry.
What specific raw materials were exchanged from the Americas to Europe?
cotton, rum, tobacco, sugar
The education of an average child during the Middle Ages centered on basic religious knowledge. What does this imply about the values of medieval society?
religion was at the core of medieval society
Which phrase best explains the scene depicted in this image?
decks of slave ships with African captives
The main goal of the Jesuits was to
defend, restore, and spread the Catholic faith.
Which phrase best completes the chart showing causes of European exploration?
desire for direct access to the valuable Asian spice trade
Failure of Directory and how it led to Napoleon's rise
directory was weak and corrupt
"L'État, c'est moi." ("The state, it is me.")—Louis XIV. This quote expresses a belief in
divine right.
mercantilism-
dominant economic theory of the time that said colonies bring wealth to the mother country
What was the Continental System?
economic system that napoleon tried to blockade GB from trade with rest of europe. Failure
Meaning of quote from Napoleonic Code: "Every Frenchman shall enjoy civil rights."
equality under the law
Effects of Napoleon's rule in France
restoration of political stability
imperialism-
extending a country's power by taking over other countries
Classes of people that were in First, Second and Third estates in France.
first estate- priests; second estate-nobility; third estate- peasant and bourgeoisie
Peter the Great waged war against the Sweden to:
gain a warm-water port on the Baltic Sea
Europeans sought new trade routes so that they could
gain direct access to Asia.
Which are the key beliefs, or duties, of Islam?
go on a pilgrimage to mecca
constitutional monarchy-
government in which constitutional or legislative body limits a monarch's power, also referred to as limited monarchy
oligarchy-
government in which ruling power belongs to a few people.
patriarch-
head of something like a religion, Muhammad, elder
Who was the source of Napoleon's authority?
himself and his military accomplishments
Justinian's most important achievement was probably
his "Body of Civil Law."
Quran-
islam text
What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation?
it provided penalties for corruption against clergy
boyars-
landowning nobles in Russia under the czars.
What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution?
limited or constitutional monarchy
Who led the expedition referenced in the text? On September 8, 1522, nearly three years after setting out, the survivors—one ship and 18 sailors—reached Spain. The survivors had been the first people to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. Antonio Pigafetta, one of the few survivors of the expedition, observed: "I believe of a certainty that no one will ever again make such a voyage."
megellan
This photograph shows a porcelain artifact that most likely belongs to which of the following?
ming
Major terms and goal of the Congress of Vienna. How did it limit the France?
restore traditional monarchies. limits frances border
This quote below refers to certain ventures that were undertaken when China was being ruled by the ________ dynasty. "We have traversed immense waterspaces and have beheld in the ocean huge waves like mountains rising sky high, and we have set eyes on barbarian regions far away . . . while our sails loftily unfurled like clouds day and night continued their course, traversing those savage waves as if we were treading on a public throughfare." —Zheng He, quoted in The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century
ming
Judaism, Islam and Christianity share a belief in
monotheism
What was the impact of the printing press on the Protestant Reformation?
more and more knowledge and ideas were spread
Science made little real progress in Europe in the Middle Ages because
most scholars thought that all knowledge must fit with church teaching
Major legacy of Napoleon
napoleonic code of laws stayed intact in many conquered countries
At the top of Spanish colonial society were the
peninsulares.
friars-
people who go and travel and preach the gospel
What did Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible do to gain power?
persecuted the boyars and had thousands killed
Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in paintings by Leonardo da Vinci?
perspective and realism
Which European country was the first to begin exploration and found a sea route to Asia?
portugal
absolutism-
practice of a monarch exercising complete authority over a government and lives of people he or she governs.
What was the goal of the "balance of power" doctrine at the Congress of Vienna?
prevent one nation form becoming more powerful than others
Compare Protestantism and Catholicism. Distinguish a statement that identifies Protestantism.
protestism, no papal authority, bible printed in language
To achieve salvation, medieval Christians believed that they must
receive the sacraments.
What were the major provisions of the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia (see chart in digital notebook and text)
recognized the independence of the Netherlands and the Swiss Federation.
Mecca became the holiest city in Islam because that is where Muhammad did what?
rededicated the Kaaba to Allah
Robespierre and Jacobins contribution to French Revolution. How did they create a "republic of virtue?"
reign of terror. Threatened guillotine on anyone that to be against revolution
The claim of papal supremacy held that
the pope had authority over all kings and emperors.
Effects of the Thirty Years' War was
the severe depopulation of Europe, especially in Germany.
The Scientific Method was based on the idea that
the truth could come only through investigation.
Why were the writings of the Enlightenment important to history?
thinkers influence the revolution
Where did most of the burden of taxation fall in old regime?
third estate
Changes brought by National Assembly. What social class were they?
third estate eventually became a republic after execution of Louis XVI
Major causes of French Revolution?
third estate overtaxed, wanted more political power, france bankrupt and food shortages
Tennis Court Oath
third estate/national assembly vowed to meet until they had a constitution
Why did King John sign the Magna Carta in England in 1215?
to appease rebellious nobles angered over his abuse of power.
Why did Spain's Philip II try to invade England in 1588?
to end English attacks on Spanish treasure ships and as retribution for punishing England for supporting Protestants who rebelled against him.
Analyze the geographic locations of the Italian city-states (see map).
trade lead to fueled renaissance
Which statement is true about the city of Constantinople?
trading made good trade city
What role did trade play in the Renaissance?
wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance