World Oceans Test 2 for Final

Fresh water has its max density at

4 C

The low pressure area near the equator is known as the

Intertropical Convergence Zone

The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the

Rotation of the earth around its axis

Air becomes less dense and rises when A) the air warms B) the water vapor content rises C) atmospheric pressure decreases D) all of these E) none of these

all of these

Changes in water density in the oceans create A) sound shadows B) the solar channel C) light refraction D) all of these E) none of these

all of these

Heat energy gained at low latitudes is redistributed to higher latitudes by A) atmospheric circulation and ocean currents B) low pressure systems C) ocean currents D) atmospheric circulation E) all of these

all of these

Surface coral formations growing around completely submerged seamounts are called

atolls

The ______ wavelengths of light penetrate deepest into the ocean

blue

Heat is measured in

calories

The pH of seawater is regulated by what gas?

carbon dioxide

Which gas has the highest concentration throughout the entire ocean?

carbon dioxide

T/F: calcareous sediments are well-preserved in cold, deep water below the CCD

false

Ozone destruction appears to be related to increasing levels of _________ in the atmosphere.

chlorine

Salinity may be measured by checking the water's

conductivity

Water heated from below distributes the added heat by _____, whereas the still surface of water heated from above distributes the added heat by ______

convection; diffusion and conduction

Which of the following is least likely to be a major component of marine sediments? A) siliceous ooze B) calcareous ooze C) lithogenic sediment D) cosmogenic sediment E) hydrogenous sediment

cosmogenic sediment

The polarity of water molecules is responsible for all of the following except: A) surface tension B) cohesion C) covalent bonding D) dissolving ability of water E) hydrogen bonding

covalent bonding

The particle size of terrigenous sediments generally ________ with distance from shore.

decreases

The silica rich oozes of the Pacific Ocean are due to _______ at high latitudes and ______ at low latitudes.

diatoms, radiolarians

Sources of the oceans' salts are believed to include A) earth's crust and early atmosphere B) earth's crust, early atmosphere, and volcanic eruptions C) earth's early atmosphere D) volcanic eruptions

earth's crust, early atmosphere, and volcanic eruptions

T/F: La Nina indicates warmer than normal surface temps in the equatorial Pacific

false

T/F: nutrients and dissolved gases in seawater are considered conservative substances

false

T/F: oil and gas represent 50% of the mineral value presently taken from the seafloor

false

T/F: when water is evaporated from a surface exposed to air, the surface is warmed; when condensation of evaporated water occurs, the air is cooled

false

Electrodialysis produces ________ from low-salinity seawater.

fresh water

Earth's surface winds are caused by air moving from a region of (high/low) pressure to a region of (high/low) pressure

high, low

how do burning fossil fuels impact the carbon dioxide cycle

increasing CO2 concentration

Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?

iron

A Secchi disk is used to measure the attenuation of

light

Hurricanes derive their energy from _______ pressure zones in the ______ latitudes.

low, tropical

Which phase marks the latent heat of fusion?

melting ice (0 C)

Gas hydrates are rich in

methane

the most abundant gas in the atmosphere is

nitrogen

What type of continental margin has a gentle slope to an abyssal plain

passive

The low salinity at southern Asian oceans is the result of

precipitation

Carbon dioxide is added to the seawater by (3 ways)

respiration, decomposition, and transfer from the atmosphere

lithogenous sediment is derived from

rock

Which processes cause surface seawater to increase in density (sea ice melting, sea ice forming, surface water evaporation)

sea ice forming and surface water evaporation

What has the highest heat flow, seamounts, mid ocean ridges, or rift valleys?

seamounts

how do photosynthesis and respiration affect the carbon dioxide cycle

seasonal variation in CO2 concentration

The continental rise is a product of

sedimentation

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a (short/long/variable) residence time in the ocean and will (quickly/slowly) become part of the seafloor sediments

short, quickly

Sources of oxygen in the open ocean include A) photosynthesis B) the atmosphere C) respiration and decay and photosynthesis D) respiration and decay E) the atmosphere and photosynthesis

the atmosphere and photosynthesis

They dissolving ability of water is related to

the attraction better the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms

Which of the following is not true about passive continental margins? A) they form after continents are rifted apart B) they are commonly at subduction zones C) they have little seismic or volcanic activity D) they occur away from plate boundaries E) they tend to be wider than active margins

they are commonly at subduction zones

T/F: a low pressure system develops over India during the wet phase of the south Asian monsoon

true

T/F: carbon dioxide concentrations in seawater increase with depth

true

T/F: in general, sedimentation rates decrease the further offshore you go

true

T/F: pressure increases by about 1 atm for every 10 m of depth in the ocean

true

T/F: the process of reverse osmosis uses pressure to separate fresh water from salt water through a semipermeable membrane

true

Which phase change reaction requires the most energy? (freezing, melting, cooling, vaporization)

vaporization