WS BIO 350 quiz 6 study guide

Of the people who are HIV positive in the U.S., how many are aware of their infection?

1 in 7

Please rank the following fluids in order of highest concentration of HIV:

1. blood 2. semen 3. vaginal fluids 4. rectal mucosa 5. breastmilk

In what year were the first cases of AIDS reported?

1981

Globally, how many people live with HIV/AIDS?

37.9 million

Which racial/ethnic group carries the heaviest burden of HIV in the U.S.?

African American/Black

Human immunodeficiency virus (_______) manifests in the body by binding to the__________ . HIV is transmitted through various bodily fluids, and the highest concentration of HIV is found in ____________ . The second highest concentration of HIV is found in_______________ , followed by_________________ , and . The lowest concentration of HIV is found in_________ . Though HIV exists in_____________ this fluid does not carry high enough concentrations for HIV to be transmissible. The most common route of HIV transmission from a global perspective is via unprotected __________________ sex. However, in the context of the US, the most common route of HIV transmission is via unprotected _____________ sex.

HIV CD4+ T cells blood semen vaginal fluids rectal mucosa breastmilk saliva penile/vaginal penile/anal

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

HIV is a virus and AIDS is a diagnosis.

Which of the following fluids is not capable of transmitting HIV?

Saliva

In the context of HIV, what does it mean to be virally suppressed?

That viral loads are so low that they are undetectable by an HIV test.

How did HIV enter the human population?

Through the slaughtering of monkeys

How can you tell if someone has HIV or AIDS?

Via a blood test

What are some ways HIV can transmit?

Via vaginal delivery as the baby passes through the vaginal canal. Via contaminated needles through intravenous drug use (IDU). Via unprotected sex.

What constitutes an AIDS diagnosis?

When someone living with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 per mm3 (cubic milliliter) of blood. When someone living with HIV contracts an opportunistic infection (OI) such as cancer or severe pneumonia.

Approximately how many people live with HIV disease in the US?

about 1.1 million

If you have internal genitalia that opens in to the abdominal cavity, which of the following is a health problem that can be caused by an untreated STD such as chlamydia?

all of the above

What can protect you from HIV infection?

condoms abstinence

The US has the largest incarcerated population in the world, with 2.2 million people in prison or other closed settings. HIV prevalence is estimated to be 1.5% among prisoners, compared to 0.5% among the general population. Most prisoners are infected with HIV before they are incarcerated, and to reduce transmission, all prisoners in the US are tested for HIV as they enter prison. People who test positive are detained in separate facilities. Since sex is common in prison, condoms are offered to inmates to reduce possible HIV transmission.

false

Is there a vaccine that prevents HIV infection or AIDS?

no

You can become infected with HIV from...

none of the above

Is there a cure for HIV?

nope

The immune system response is orchestrated by which of the following cells?

phagocyte cell

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a month-long course of drugs to help prevent HIV infection that is taken after a possible exposure to HIV. The word "prophylaxis" means to prevent or control the spread of an infection or disease. PEP means taking HIV medicines within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent becoming infected with HIV.

true

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an HIV prevention strategy where HIV-negative individuals take anti-HIV medications before coming into contact with HIV to reduce their risk of becoming infected. The medications work to prevent HIV from establishing infection inside the body.

true

The number of annual HIV infections in the U.S. began to level off in 2013. However, there are still about 39,000 new infections per year.

true

There is now evidence-based confirmation that the risk of HIV transmission from a person living with HIV (PLHIV), who is on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and has achieved an undetectable viral load in their blood for at least 6 months is negligible to non-existent. In other words, it is essentially impossible to transmit HIV if you are on treatment and have achieved viral suppression.

true