WWII

Stragetic Bombing of Germany

- 53,000 tons of bombs were dropped on Germany each month - didn't undermine German morale, but caused a severe oil shortage, wrecked the railroad, and destoryed aircraft factory - allies were able to control the air

Nov. 27, 1941

- American intellignece decoded Japanese communication

The Invasion of Okinawa

- American officials believed they would have to invade Japan before Japan would surrender -To prepare for the invasion, America needed a base near Japan - military planners chose the island of Okinawa

April 30 1945

- American trrops were 70 miles from Berlin - Hilter committed suicide

Dec. 7, 1941 at 7:02 - 7:39 am

- Army radar at Opana tracks a cloud of aircraft approaching from the North - An officer concludes it is a flight of B-17s due in from California

Atalntic Charter

- Britain and the U.S. - FDR pledged to "force an 'incident' ... which would justify him in opening hostilities" with Germany - American ships were order to shoot at all German submarines

July 1942

- FDR ordered the invasion of Morocco and Algeria

America Embargos Japan

- FDR was worried because as German submarines sun British ships, Britain had to move ships out of Southeast Asia, leaving their colonies vulnerable to an attack - FDR resstricted the sale of oil in attempt to stop Japanese aggression in the Pacific - without oil, Japan could not attack -Japanese signed an alliance with Geramny and Italy, becoming member of the Axis - Japan prepared for attack

Stalingrad

- Hitler breaks the Nazi Soviet Pact, ordered his troops to attack the city of the Stalingrad, a vital railroad junction in the USSR - Soviet reinforcements arrived and forced Germany to surrender; major turning point in the war in Europe

Dec. 7, 1941

- Japan's suprise attac on Pearl Harbor - Sank or damaged 21 ships of the U.S. Pacific fleet - Destoryed 188 airplanes - Killed 2403 Ameircans and injured 1178 - American aircraft carriers were out at sea, not hit by Japanese

Tehran Conference

- Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill meet in Tehran, Iran and make plans to liberate France - Invade Normandy, France by land air and sea - General Dwight D. Esienhower was the supreme commander of the allied forces

V-E Day

- Soviet Union began a massive attac on German troops in Russia - Soviet crossed Germany's eastern border - Americans crossed Germany's western border

Dec. 7, 1941 - 7:49 am

- The first wave of 183 Japanese planes is order to attack, target battleship row and airfields

Dec. 7, 1941 - 8:55 am

- The second eave of Japanese airplanes renews the attack on airfields and ships. - Oil tans and most ship-repair facilities are ignored, a later Japanese regret _ A third wave of Japanese stries was called off due to improved American anti-aircraft performance during the second strike.

Neutratlity Act of 1937

- all nations at war had to buy nonmilitary supplies form the U.S. on a "cash-and-carry" basis - countrieshad to send their own ships to the United States to pick up the goods, and they had to pay cash - Isolationists knew that attacks on U.S. ships carrying supplies to Europe brought the country into World War 1 and they wanted to prevent such attacks from involving the nation WWII

Invasion of Italy

- allied forces are able to liberate Italy - bloodiest campaign - Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was arrested and the new government began negotiating with the Allies for Italy's surrender

Lend-Lease Act

- allowed the U.S. to lend or lease arms to any country considered "vital to the defense of the U.S.

Battle of the Atlantic

- convoy system - slowly turned in favor of the Allies because the U.S. shipyards were producing mor ships than German submarines could sink and advanced technology

Island-Hopping

- difficult because of the sharp coral reef - landing craft could not get close enough to shore - marines had to plunge through water while under attack from the Japanese - American army purchased 200 amphtracs and captured the Marshall and Marina Islands

The Nye Committee (senate Committee)

- documented huge profits that arms factories had made during WWI - created the impression that weapons factories influenced the U.S. to enter WWI in order for them to make a profit

General assembly of United Nations

- every memmber nation in the world has one vote - responsible for international peace and secruity and could use military force to uphold a resolution

Battle of Leyte Gulf

- largest naval battle in history - Japan used kamikaze (suicide) attacks - American troops were still fighting in the Philippines when the word came in 1945 that Japan had surrendered

Iwo Jima

- plan to capture the island and send planes from there to bomb Japan - 68,000 marines died from the greatest possible violence before the island was captured

Hemispheric Defense Zone

- since the U.S. was neutral, FDR could not order the U.S. Navy to protect British merchant ships form German submarines - FDR declared that the entire half of the Atlantic Ocean was part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral - ordered U.S? navy to patrol the western Atlantic and reveal the location of German submarines to the British

Nov. 26, 1941

- six Japanese aircraft carriers, two battlesjips, and several other warships set sail for Hawaii.

Tokyo firebombing

- to help the B-29 planes hit their targets, U.S. used bombs filled with napalm - if the bomb missed its target, it would start a fire which would spread to the target

May 7, 1945

-Unconditional German surrender

Operation Overload factors

1. Coast - placed inflatable army equpiment in Britain across from Calais, France(decoy) and land in Normandy, France instead 2. Weather - Allied Generals relied on a weather forecast. The invasion had to occur between June 5-7 to have correct moon and tide.

Plan to Defeat the Japanese

1. General MacArthur's troops would retake the Philippines 2. The navy, commanded by Admiral Nimitz, would advance through Central Pacific by moving from one island to the next aka island hopping

Security Council of the United Nations

11 members, 5 'big' permanent members

Bloodiest Campaign

30,000 Allied solfiers died in invaion of Italy

D-Day Invasion

MOST SUCCESSFUL AMPHIBIOUS (water and land) OPERATION IN HISTORY - France was liberated from Germany

Dec. 7, 1941 - 6:45 am

The destoryer, Ward, sinks a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor

May 8, 1945

V-E Day or Victory in Europe Day

August 15, 1945

V-J Day or Victory in Japan

Battle of Bulge

What battle was Hitler's last offensive attempt?

Battle of Midway

What battle was the turning point in the Pacific during WWII?

war bonds

What di Americans buy during WWII to loan money to the government?

oil

What did the Japanese not target during the Pearl Harbor attack?

Airplane Factories and Battleships

What did the Japenese target during Pearl Harbor?

led to Feminist Movement in the 1960s

What did women in the workforce lead to?

Overload - was the plan D-Day - was the actual attack

What is the difference between Operation Overlord and D-Day?

Bataan March

What is the event where 78000 American POWS were forced to march 65 miles to Japan prison?

Soviet Union

What nation allied with Britain and U.S after the battle of Stalingrad?

Allies (France, Britain, and Poland)

What side does the U.S. enter for WWII?

Because of the intensity of the heat, the Americans got sunburns that were so bad that they blistered open very deep, almost to the bone.

What tragic events happen to the American POWS?

Little Boy

What was the code name for the atomic bomb the U.S. dropped on Hiroshima?

Fat Man

What was the code name for the atomic bomb the U.S. dropped on Nagaski?

Sought to make the U.S. the "arsenal of democracy" Manage the conversion of industries to military production Millions of unemployed workers were put to work in wartime production

What was the main task fo the War Production Board?

Doolittle raids

What was the name of the event when American bombs fell on Japan for the first time?

Double V campaign served as a victory for democracy both at home and abroad.

What was the purpose of the "Double V" campaign of African Americans during WWII?

- there was limited use of fabric for clothes, so that there would be more fabic fo the war effort - women would make their own clothing

What wer the changes to fashion during WWII?

ration coupons

What were Americans given to controll their use of food?

- military emperor had to stay in power - U.S. blamed the emperor for the war and wanted to remove him from power

What were the terms of Japan's surrender?

The war would get harder.

What would happen the closer America got to Japan?

Japanese were sent to internment camps.

Where were Japanese sent during WWII?

Internment Camps

Where were Japenese Americans sent during the war?

napalm

jellied gas

United Nations

new international political organization

Internationalism

the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good

Manhattan Project

Americna program to build an atomic bomb

Convoy System

cargo ships traveled in groups escorted by navy warships

D-Day

Departed Day

Dec. 11, 1941

Hitler had grown angry with U.S. and declared war on the U.S.

18 million

How many women entered the workforce during WWII?

Destroyers-for-Bases Deal

In exchange for right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in the Caribbean, Roosevelt sent 50 old American destroyers (warships) to Britain

The Phillipines

Other than Pearl Harbor, where else did the Japan attack?

Because it wasn't mentioned and it was a great distance from Japan. The U.S. expected Japan to attack U.S.naval bases in the Philippines.

Though commanders at the Pearl Harbor naval base received the war warning from Washington, why did they believe that Hawaii was not a target? Where did the U.S. expect Japan to attack?

True

True or False: During WWII, Ford Factories would have converted their production to mae aip'anes instead of cars.

Britain, France, China, Soviet Union, and U.S.

Who are the 5 'big' permanent members of the secruity council of United Nations?

Vice President Harry Truman

Who became president after FDR suffered a stroke during his fourth term in office?

retired over 65, single mother of dependent children, unemployed, and disabled

Who can collect social secruity money?

FDR

Who was the American president during WWII?

Minister Churchill

Who was the British Prime Minister during WWII?

Adolf Hitler

Who was the Chancellor of Germany during WWII?

Benito Mussolini

Who was the Italy dictator during WWII?

Joseph Stalin

Who was the Soveit Union (currently Russia) dictator during WWII?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Who was the commander that lead the invasion into Morocco and Algeria?

France, Britain, Poland and the U.S.

Who were the Allies in WWII?

Germany, Japan, and Italy

Who were the Axis Powers in WWII?

Allies

Who won the war: the Allies or the Axis Powers?

The Japanese Perspective: Japanese New World Order Threat of U.S. Navy Oil Embargo National Origins Act

Why did Japan attack the U.S?

Because it was not a good reason to go into war and they want to make sure it won't happen again

Why did the Nye Committee turn the Americans toward isolationism?

The Supreme Court upheld Japanese internment camps because the safety of the nation was more important than the constitutional right of individuals.

Why did the Supreme Court uphold Japanese internment camps?

To help Allied (Britain) nations withot the US having to enter the war

Why did the U.S adopt policies such as the Lend-Lease Act and the Destroyers-for-Bases Deal prior to entering WWII?

To protect British colonies in/from Asia.

Why did the US embargo oil to Japan?

For secruity (or protecteion) after the Japenese attacked at Pearl Harbor

Why did the US send all Americans with Japanese ancestry to internments camps?

Isolation

a national policy of avoiding involvment in world affairs

internment camp

a prison camp for the confinement of enemies or prisoners of war

amphtracs

boat with tank track