Yes

Barolome de las Casas

Some European settlers in the Americas protested the terrible treatment of Native Americas. This Catholic Priest named said the Spanish should convert the Natives through love, gentleness, and kindness- not through force and forced labor!

British Crown

South Carolina proprietors managed the colony poorly and in 1719, the proprietary government was overthrown, and the _______________ bought North and South Carolina in 1729, making them royal colonies.

Free

South Carolina slave holders feared that slaves would revolt. As a result, their code did not allow slaveholders to _______ their slaves.

Enslaved

Cold winters, mild summers, lots of forests and sandy soil made New England less likely to use _______________ laborers.

Girls

Colonial ___________ helped cook, clean, spin and weave cloth. They also helped make butter, soap, and candles.

Death rates

Colonists in Virginia suffered high ___________which led to labor shortages.

Powhatan

Colonists received help from the powerful ____________ Confederacy, a group of Native Americans but only after John Smith made an agreement with them.

Community

Colonists were poor but formed a strong _________ .

Indentured Servants

Colonists, or _______________, were those who received free passage from Europe to America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Columbus and ________________ are known as the Explorers of the Caribbean (a beautiful body of water).

Round; Flat

Columbus believed the earth's shape was ______ while most people thought it to be _____________

God, Gold, and Glory

Columbus promised the King and Queen of Spain three things. In essence, they were _____, ______, & ______.

Europe

Columbus thought Asia extended farther east than it really does; thus, he made an assumption that the lands he sought were closer to what continent?

Smaller

Columbus thought the world was much (larger, smaller) than it really is.

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

Columbus's ships were the __________, the ___________, and the ________________________.

Enslaved Africans

Southern colonies' cash crops required a great deal of difficult work to grow and harvest and meant a large work force was needed. By the 1700's, instead of indentured servants, ___________________ were the main source of labor.

Peter Stuyvesant

Director-general of the New Netherland colony who helped the Dutch follow the patroon system (settlers farmed the patroon's land and paid him rent). This person was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English fleet in 1664 without the English ever having to fire a shot.

Line of Demarcation

Spain & Portugal wanted more land for their empires, so in 1493, Pope Alexander VI, issued a decree that drew a new water boundary, or imaginary line dividing the Atlantic (giving Spain claim to all land west of the line). This new water boundary was called _________________________

Establish

In 1605, a company of English merchants, asked King James I for the right to fund, or ____________, a settlement.

First Virginia Charter

In 1606, King James 1 issued the ____________ which gave the company permission to settle in a region called Virginia.

Central America, the Caribbean, and South America

Spain and Portugal focused their efforts on which 3 areas in the Americas?

Wealthy

Spain's American colonies helped make them extremely ___________________.

tolerance

The Toleration Act of 1649 made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians and was the first law supporting religious _________________ in the colonies. In essence, the law demanded that the Catholics would 'accept' the Protestants, and the Protestants would 'accept' the Catholics.

Delaware

The Duke of York (English) sold Penn a region to the south of Pennsylvania. This area, called _____, remained part of Pennsylvania until 1776.

Mohicans

The Dutch pushed this group of Native Americans off their property in which the center was the Hudson River.

Democratic

Thomas Hooker wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which were a set of principles that made their gov't more ________. For example, non-church members were allowed to vote.

Squanto

Tisquantum, or ______________, taught Pilgrims to fertilize soil with fish remains and helped them establish relations with local Wampanoag Indians.

Plantations

The Spanish operated many large farms, or _______________________ that grew just one kind of crop. Many of these were in the Caribbean colonies and produced much wealth for their owners. Native Americans were forced to work not only these large farms but also silver and gold mines.

Hernando de Soto

Twenty years after Ponce de Leon discovered Florida, this explorer was given permission to explore the area. After an intense battle with Native Americans, he moved on and discovered the Mississippi River. He died in present day Oklahoma.

1500's

What century or time period saw so many significant events that it is now considered perhaps the greatest for changes in Europe?

Spain

What country did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella rule?

Quebec

In 1608, de Champlain founded a colony in Canada called _____________.

Invaders

In 1609, 400 more settlers arrived in Jamestown. The Powhatan realized the colony would continue to grow and began viewing them as ___________.

Furs

In 1613, the Dutch founded New Netherland as a trading post for exchanging ______ with the Iroquois and other Native American groups.

Pocahontas

In 1614, John Rolfe married, ___________, daughter of the Powhatan leader.

Peter Minuit

In 1624, the newly formed DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY sent 30 families to settle in New Netherlands. Two years later, a member of the Dutch West India Company named ____________ , bought Manhattan Island, and founded a town called New Amsterdam. To attract colonists, the Dutch allowed members of all religions to settle in their colony.

Africans

In 1626, the first enslaved _______ were brought to New Netherland; they greatly increased in number over time.

Massachusetts Bay Company.

In 1629, King Charles I, granted a group of Puritans and merchants a charter to settle in New England, and this group formed the _________________________.

Henrietta Maria

In 1632, Charles issued the charter to Calvert's son, Cecilius, or Lord Baltimore II, who took over planning of the colony. He named the colony Maryland, in honor of England's Queen, ________________.

Spanish Florida

In 1633, the English king, Charles II, gave much of the land between Virginia and ________________ to eight of his supporters.

Thomas Hooker

In 1636, a minister named _________, and his followers, helped found Connecticut, another New England colony.

Firing one shot

In 1664, the English fleet captured the undefended colony of New Netherland without _______________________.

Nathanial Bacon

In 1676, a group of former indentured servants led by ________________ attacked some friendly American Indians.

Middle

In 1681, William Penn received a charter to establish a new colony called Pennsylvania. There, he insisted on fair dealings with local American Indians, welcomed immigrants, and promised religious toleration. This colony was located in the _______________ colonies. (New England, Middle, Southern)

New York Slave Revolt of 1712

In 1712, a group of enslaved Africans led an armed revolt to escape slavery. The resistors failed to gained their freedom and received even harsher treatment in return.

The Philippines

Magellan was killed in ______________________ and never actually reached the end of his worldwide journey.

South America

Magellan's route during their circumnavigation of the world began in Spain and landed first on the east coast of ____________________.

Rene-Robert de La Salle

Nine years after Joliet and Marquette traveled the Mississippi River, this explorer did the same but traveled all the way down to the Gulf of Mexico.

Permanent

Ninety English women arrived in 1620 and allowed more settlers to start families. As a result, many settlers chose to make Virginia their _____________ homes.

Leif Eriksson

Norwegian explorer, son of Erik the Red, was first European to explore the Americas

Roger Williams

Not all Puritans shared the same religious views. Minister, __________ , did not agree with the leadership of Massachusetts and called for his church to separate completely from the other New England congregations. He also criticized the General Court or taking land from Native Americans without paying them.

Slavery

Not all laborers in the colonies came from Europe. Because of labor shortages, there was an expansion of ______________, or the practice of forcing someone to work against their will.

land grants

Oglethorpe did not want Georgia owned by a few wealthy plantation owners but instead he wanted it owned by many people with small farms. To reach this goal, Oglethorpe outlawed slavery and limited the size of _______________, but soon the settlers grew unhappy with his strict rules.

Start

Oglethorpe wanted the Georgia colony to be a place where people could make a new _____________.

1607

On April 26th of the year, ________, the first 105 colonists sent by the Virginia Company arrived in America.

Mayflower Compact

On November 21, 1620, the ________________ was signed and was a legal contract which forged an agreement that the people would have fair laws to protect the general good, making it one of the first attempts at self-government in the English colonies.

Read

Schoolchildren often used the New England Primer which had characters and stories from the Bible. They learned to ______ at the same time they learned about the community's religious values.

Pilgrims and Puritans

Settled in Massachusetts in search of religious freedom.

Netherlands

Battle weary and economically weak, Spain's troubles led to countries such as England, France, and the ____________ to challenge Spanish power overseas.

Bartolomeu Dias

____________________ led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast where a storm blew his ship around the southern tip of Africa.

Christopher Columbus

____________________ sailed the Atlantic Ocean and reached a continent previously unknown.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

_____________________ discovered the Pacific Ocean and the Isthmus of Panama, and this was a new passage for exploration.

The colony of Virginia

________________________ was founded because a group of adventurers wanted to find gold and new opportunities for wealth.

Shipbuilding and fishing

__________became important industries in New England.

Taxes

England's economy suffered during the 1600's, and many people lost their jobs. English king, Charles 1, made things worse by raising __________ , and this led to a political crisis.

separation

English Catholics had long been against England's _______________ from the Roman Catholic Church. For this reason, the Church of England (Anglican Church), would not allow them to worship freely.

Henry the Navigator

Established a school for sailors and provided funding for exploration to Asia

Northwest Passage

Europeans wanted to find a __________________ , or a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The English began sending explorers to find it.

Algonquin

Samuel de Champlain, the explorer, made journeys along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, led by Native American guides called the ___________.

Protestants

Even though founded for Catholics, other Christians, or _______________, began moving to Maryland in the 1640's. However, it wasn't long before religious conflicts arose.

dissenters

William Penn also supported toleration of religious _______________.

All

William Penn promised religious freedom to (all; some) Christians.

Native Americans

William Penn: in keeping with his beliefs, Penn supported religious tolerance, immigrants, and fair dealings with ____________.

skills

Women brought ______ such as cooking, sewing, and making household items to the colonies. They also made soap and candles, while others could mend clothing.

England

Women in Plymouth had more legal rights than they did in __________.

Proprietary Colony

A _______________ colony was one run, or owned, by individuals or groups to whom land was granted.

Henry the Navigator

A benefactor of Portugal who was responsible for advances in seafaring which made exploration better than ever before.

John Winthrop

1630, a group of Puritans, led by _________________, who were seeking religious freedom, sailed on a fleet of ships from England to Massachusetts.

Fifty

1647 marked first law by the General Court of Massachusetts that issued an order that a school be founded in every township of _______ families.

Church of England

1n 1534, King Henry VIII founded the __________________ or the Anglican Church. By making himself head of the church, Henry challenged the authority of the Pope and angered Catholics.

God, Gold, Glory

3 of the 7 motives for European Exploration

50 Acres

A colonist could also earn another ___________ of land for every additional person they brought from England; hence, wealthy colonists who brought servants or relatives to Virginia gained large amounts of land.

New Technology

A factor which led to discovery of a route from Europe to Asia and involves the caravel and mariner's astrolabe.

Curiosity

A factor which led to the discovery of a sea route from Europe to Asia; this has to do with a human trait, or '____________________ killed the cat'

Convert people to Christianity

A factor, related to religion, which led to the discovery of a sea route from Europe to Asia;

Powhatan Confederacy

A group of seven Indian tribes that controlled Virginia, the __________________ was led by Powhatan and was an agricultural group. They allowed the original English Settlers to survive.

Spanish had steel armor & weapons

A reason Spanish defeated the Aztec and Incan Empires (4 of 4)

Spanish had horses

A reason the Spanish defeated the Aztec and Incan Empire (1 of 4)

Small pox

A reason the Spanish defeated the Aztec and Incan Empire (2 of 4)

Spanish made alliances enemies of Aztecs and Incans

A reason the Spanish defeated the Aztec and Incan Empire (3 of 4)

Philadelphia

City founded by William Penn, a Quaker who believed in peace and means "City of Brotherly Love"

Jacques Cartier; Samuel de Champlain

Although their explorations were 70 apart, these two explorers gave France a claim to settle the region of Eastern Canada.

Fountain of Youth

Acccording to legend, what was Ponce de Leon in search of when he discovered Florida in 1513?

Journeymen; traveled

After a certain amount of time apprentices became ______________ and usually ___________, learning yet more new skills in their trade. Eventually, they became masters themselves.

Lost Colony of Roanoke

After a few months, John White left the 'new resettlement' of Roanoke and went back to England for more supplies. War with Spain prevented his return for 3 years, and when he got back, the colony was deserted. The only clue he found was the name of a nearby island, Croatoan, carved into a post. To this day, no one knows what happened to the ____________________.

Jacque Cartier

After da Verrazano sailed to North America, the FRENCH sent another sailor, _______________ who led next big French exploration of America. He made 2 trips to what is now Canada. This explorer sailed through the St. Lawrence River and traveled all the way to present day Montreal, claiming these areas for France.

Astrolabe

An important invention for sailors and navigators; enabled them to learn ships location by charting the position of the stars.

stock

An investment in a joint ______________ company enables a group of investors to share the cost and risk of establishing a business venture.

Protestant

An obstacle standing in the way of King Phillip's driving the Protestants out of England was (Protestant, Catholic) ____________ Queen, Elizabeth 1, and her Sea Dogs.

master craftsman

Apprentices lived with a _____________ and learned from him. They would exchange this service for small tasks and for a number of years bc skilled craftsmen were essential to the survival of the colonies.

Anne Hutchinson

Angered Puritan church leaders after questioning their teachings of local ministers and popularity grew because of it.

Ministers

Anne Hutchinson believed people didn't need to get their guidance from church _________.

Freedom

Anne Hutchinson is remembered as a symbol of the struggle for religious _________

Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson was put on trial and banished from the Massachusetts colony but then helped settle a new colony called Portsmouth- which later became part of the colony of _______________.

Alarmed

Anne Hutchinson's views _________ Puritans such as John Winthrop.

Trade and Financial Gain

Another factor which led to the discovery of a route from Europe to Asia; this cause has to do with goods, or commodities.

Catholics

As Jamestown developed, new groups of colonists began planning to move to other areas of the new world. Many English _____________ came to America to escape religious persecution.

Carolina

At first, the land between Virginia and Spanish Florida comprised one colony, but it was too spread out, so in 1712, this large colony separated into the 3rd and 4th southern colonies, and they were called, North and South _____________.

Americas

At the same time they were fighting over religion, even to the point of fighting wars, European nations were also competing for land power on what continent?

Anglican Church

At the same time, the _____________ began punishing Puritans because they were dissenters, or people who disagree with official opinions (King Charles refused to let the churches' actions be criticized).

Shocked

At the time, the Quaker beliefs _________ most other Christians.

Tobacco

Because it was so hot in the south and the growing season long, the southern colonies had large plantations where they grew one crop such as rice, cotton, and ___________ .

New Orleans

Because of close trading relationships and other factors, the French treated Native Americans better that had other Europeans. Some even became allies against the English. Starting in the 1700's, the French built new outposts including cities of Detroit, St. Louis, and ___________, a city in Louisiana.

Democracy

Because of his principles giving everyone equal voting rights in the church, Thomas Hooker is considered the father of modern ___________.

Bibles

Because of the printing press, many _____________could be printed at a time so more people had access to read and understand the Protestant's ideas.

Persecuted

Because of their beliefs, and as a result of the outrage they caused other Christians, Quakers were ______________ in America and England.

English Crown

Because the Virginia Company couldn't protect its colonists, the _____________ canceled the company's charter In 1624.

Men

Before 1619, most of Virginia's settlers were ______. It was not until the year 1619 that the Virginia Company began sending more women and children to the colony.

New Netherland

Before the colony of New York was taken over by the English, it was known as _________________.

Curiosity; National Pride; Foreign Goods; Faster/Less Expensive Trade Routes

Besides the 3 G's, what were the other 4 reasons or motives for European Exploration?

Caribbean

Between 1629 and 1640, many thousands of people left England. More than 40,000 moved to the English Colonies in New England and the ______________.

preacher

Born in London as son of a wealthy admiral, William Penn joined the Quakers in 1666 and became an active __________ and writer of religious works.

Africans

By 1730, enslaved ___________ numbered 20,000 to 10,000 white settlers.

Native Americans

By mid 1600's, the Spanish Empire in the Americas had grown to some 3-4 million people. One group made up about 80% of that population. Which group?

Lifelong

By the mid-1600's, most Africans in Virginia were being kept in ________ slavery.

West

Christopher Columbus was convinced he could sail (East, West) to reach Asia, making him the first European to attempt such a feat.

Protestants

Conflicts between Catholics and ____________ took place throughout Europe and often led to civil war.

Religion

During the 1500's, Europe began to have major turmoil due to disagreements about ______________?

English

Early 1700's- African population grew in NY -free and enslaved Africans had fewer rights under ________ rule than under the Dutch.

Circumnavigation

Eighteen of Magellan's sailors survived to see the first worldwide journey through to the end. What is it called to travel all the way around the globe?

Vasco de Gama

Explorer who actually FOUND the Asian Sea Route

Juan Ponce de Leon

Explorer who landed on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico in 1500 and conquered the island in 1511 for Spain. He also founded the city San Juan, discovered gold, and was made governor there. After this, he explored what is now the southeastern U.S.

Sea Route from Europe to Asia

Face-to-face contact with traders and awareness of different cultures (for the first time) were a result of this discovery.

Great Migration

Factors that led to the the founding of the colonies were: economic hardship, political crisis, and religious persecution of Puritans in England; this led to what was called the ___________________.

Apprentices

Families often sent younger sons to learn skilled trades such as blacksmithing, weaving, ship building, and printing. Young boys who learned skilled trades were called ________.

warm climate

Farms did well in the southern colonies because of the ____________ and long growing season. Many farms grew cash crops that were sold for profit, such as tobacco, rice, & indigo, or a plant used to make blue dye.

Pennsylvania

Founded by the Quakers, this colony actively traded goods with Britain and the West Indies.

Maryland

Founded in 1634, this was the 2nd Southern Colony and provided freedom of religion for English Catholics.

North and South Carolina

Founded in 1663, these began as one but later became the 3rd and 4th Southern Colonies; however, they were managed poorly and eventually bought by the British Crown.

Georgia

Founded in 1733, this was the 5th Southern Colony and was meant to be a place where debtors could find a new start.

Aztec and Incan

From the years 1503-1660, Spanish fleets carried 200 tons of gold and 18,600 tons of silver to Spain from which former empires?

Virginia Dare

Granddaughter of John White and the first English child to be born in America.

Hernán Cortés

Heard of a wealthy land to the west which was ruled by King Moctezuma II. He left Cuba in 1519 and eventually conquered the Aztec Empire.

Francisco Pizarro

Heard of another Empire and riches in the Andes of South America and was the conquistador who led the conquest of the Incan Empire.

England

His marriage helped the colonists form more peaceful relations with the Powhatan, but unfortunately, John Rolfe's wife died 3 years later while visiting ________ with him.

De vaca

Horrified by the treatment of Native Americans, this explorer eventually wrote a book, and this was the FIRST European book exclusively devoted to North America. This book fueled others to want to find the riches here.

Martin Luther

In 1517, a German Priest named ___________________, publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church.

Giovanni da Verrazano

In 1524, FRANCE sent ITALIAN captain, _________________, to seek a Northwest Passage. He sailed along present day North Carolina to Maine.

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

In 1528, he joined conquistador Panfilo de Narvaez on an expedition to North America. They first landed on Fl coast but had many problems. They eventually reached the Mississippi River but many died on the way. His boat shipwrecked on what is now Galveston Island in Texas.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

In 1540, this person set out to explore the North American southwest. He was looking for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold that were rumored to exist there. His group traveled through present day New Mexico and Arizona where they discovered the Grand Canyon. He made it as far as Kansas but never found the 7 cities of gold!

None

How many French, Italian, and Dutch (Netherlands) explorers found the Northwest Passage?

Three

How many journeys did Columbus make to the Americas in his lifetime?

Iron

Important product mined in the middle colonies so craftsmen could produce items to sell.

James Oglethorpe

In 1732, King George II granted a charter to __________________ and other trustees to found Georgia. The king hoped GA would act as a shield, or buffer, between Britain's other colonies and Spanish Florida.

Savannah

In 1733, Oglethorpe and 120 colonists, mostly from England, founded the city of ___________.

royal

In 1752, the British government made Georgia a _________ colony with new laws. Coastal Georgia was soon filled with large rice plantations worked by thousands of slaves.

Property

In America, women had the right to sign contracts, bring some cases before local courts, and widows could own __________.

Separation

In Providence, Williams supported __________ of church and state and also believed In religious tolerance for ALL members of the community.

sixty

In Spring 1610, only _________ colonists of the original 500 plus souls were left alive.

Tobacco

Jamestown failed to make a profit until John Rolfe introduced a new type of _______________ that sold well in England.

Farms

In early Virginia, people lived on scattered __________, not In 'towns'.

Louis Joliet; Jacques Marquette

In the 1600's. the French began spreading out form the St. Lawrence River, calling their North American territory New France. In the 1650's, French missionaries told stories about a 'beautiful river, large, broad, and deep'. In 1673, explorer ______________ and missionary ______________, set out to find this river. Even though deSoto had found it in 1541, these explorers traveled all the way down it into present day Arkansas.

George Calvert

In the 1620s, ________________ the first Lord Baltimore, asked King Charles 1 for a charter establishing a new colony In America for Catholics.

William Bradford

In the fall of 1621, Pilgrims gathered their first harvest. _______________, governor of Plymouth colony, decided they should have a celebration so the people could give thanks to God. He invited Wampanoag chief, Massasoit, and 90 other guests to celebrate. Many people consider this the first Thanksgiving.

Hugenots

In the late 1500's French Catholics fought with these French Protestants, who were known as ____________ Many of the these French Protestants eventually immigrated to the Americas in search of religious freedom.

Sir Walter Raleigh

In the late 1500's, England decided to set up a permanent settlement in North America. The purpose of this colony was to establish an English presence in the New World. Who received permission to start a colony here?

Plymouth Rock

In the late 1620's, the Pilgrims landed in ___________, in present day Massachusetts. That winter, half died from sickness and freezing weather.

Supplies

In the winter of that year, the Powhatan surrounded the Jamestown fort and killed anyone who tried to reach any _____________outside.

Genoa, Italy

In what city and country was Christopher Columbus born?

voluntarily

Indentured servants, unlike slaves, agreed to work _______________ for a certain number of years in exchange for passage from Europe to America.

Religious; expensive

Indentured servitude became more prevalent in the middle colonies than slavery. This could have been because colonists, such as the Quakers, may have opposed slavery for _______________ or other reasons; also, indentured servants may have been easier to obtain and less _____________ than slaves.

Virginia Company of London

Investors in new settlement formed joint-stock company called ______________ .

Marshland

Jamestown was surround by ______________ and was full of disease carrying mosquitos. By the time winter arrived, 2/3 of the colonists had died.

Jamestown

Just 40 miles north up the James River in Virginia from where they arrived in America in 1607, the first 105 colonists founded _______________ , and was the first permanent settlement in North America.

coastline

King Charles II wanted to take over New Netherland so England could control the entire ______________ of North America.

Spanish Armada

King Phillip II of Spain was furious about English piracy, so he began gathering the ___________________, a huge fleet of war ships made up of 130 ships & 27,000 sailors/soldiers that was meant to end English plans.

Catholic Reformation

King Phillip II used Spain's great wealth to lead a ______________________ against the Protestant Movement.

England

King Phillip hoped to drive the Protestants out of _____________.

Pacific

Magellan reached the southern tip of South America and decided to keep going. His fleet continued travels into which ocean?

Preparation

Lack of ____________ cost a lot of colonists their lives.

Tuscaloosa

Leader of the Muscogee tribe who fought a fierce battle with the Spanish. The Spanish were led by Hernando de Soto, and many died in the battle.

Boys

Life was hard for colonial __________ , who spent much time working. They were expected to care for animals, plant crops, and chop wood.

Wealthy; Power

Martin Luther claimed the Catholic Church was too _________________ and abused its __________________.

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther's and others' criticisms of the Catholic Church caused what is know as the ___________________ , which began in small German towns but quickly moved throughout Europe.

Religious

Maryland was founded for __________ reasons.

parents and children

Massachusetts Bay Colony passed some of the first laws requiring ______________ to provide instruction for their ______________.

Shares

Members of England's growing middle class purchased ____________ of stock in the Virginia Colony of London, a company from which they hoped to earn money back from their investment.

New Sweden

Minuet also helped these settlers found "New __________" along the Delaware River. Their first settlement was called Fort Christina.

Highland Scots

Most of the North Carolina colonists had migrated from Virginia, and among the earliest to settle there were from Northern Scotland, or a group known as the ____________.

Adventurers

Most of the first colonists were ____________ and only came here looking to find gold and get rich.

Carpentry

Most of the first settlers were adventurers with no farming experience or useful skills such as ___________.

Codes

Most of the southern colonies passed slave ________, or laws to control slaves.

Farmers

Most pilgrims were ___________, but the farmland around the settlement was poor. They had hoped to make money fishing and trading but hunting/fishing conditions were also poor.

Bacon's Rebellion

Nathanial Bacon thought the colonists should be able to take the Native American's land. When the governor tried to stop him, Bacon and followers attacked and burned Jamestown. This was known as __________________.

Southern

New England colonies depended on shipbuilding and fishing for the economy to survive. The ____________________ colonies were exactly opposite, in that they depended solely on agriculture/farming for their economical well-being.

Hudson

New Jersey is between the Delaware and ________ rivers. (Hint: think "Henry")

Astrolabe

New invention that enabled sailors to travel on open seas without having to use landmarks to guide them.

Native Americans

Once colonists became more affluent, officials began to ask for higher taxes. Not only were colonists upset about these taxes, they were also angry about the governor's policies toward ________________. They thought the colony was not well protected against an attack from these people.

Education

One main difference in Pilgrim vs Virginia colony was that Pilgrims had many families. Pilgrims taught children to read and even offered _____________ to indentured servants.

Estevenico

One of four who survived shipwreck with Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca in present day Galveston, Texas. This man was a slave born in Morocco and was captured by Native Americans along with his owner, de Vaca, and the other survivor. The four men escaped after 6 years of captivity.

Priests

Opposite the Protestants having their own Bibles to understand God's Word, the Catholics had to rely on the teachings of ____________ to understand the Bible.

Jobs

Others came looking for new opportunities in North America bc cities in England were crowded and _______ were hard to find.

Plantations

Over the years, one crop farms, or ______________, in the new Colony of Virginia grew larger. This resulted in growth of the entire colony, and the economy of Jamestown expanded.

self-government

Penn's work made Pennsylvania an important example of a representative _______________________ in the colonies, which is a government reflecting the will of its citizens, not its leaders.

debtors

People in England who had been imprisoned for owing money were considered ___________, and Oglethorpe's plan would give them a 50 acre bonus to work off their prison sentence by doing hard labor on Georgia farms.

Capital

Philadelphia became the largest ___________ city in the colonies

Savannah, Georgia

Port city on the coast of Georgia designed by James Oglethorpe.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Portugal was furious about the Line of Demarcation because it favored the Spanish. To prevent a war, the leaders of Spain & Portugal signed a treaty moving the line of demarcation 800 miles to the west. This treaty was known as _________________________

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who set out with a Spanish fleet to sail down the east coast of South America.

Christian

Prince Henry the Navigator established a ______________________ (hint: a religion) empire in western Africa.

Reformers

Protestants were known as ________________, or those who want to make changes in something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice, in order to improve it. The Protestants wanted religion to be simple

Providence

Puritan leaders worried Roger Williams views would hurt the unity of the colony, so they made him leave Massachusetts. Williams took his leaders to southern New England. The formed a new settlement called ____________ which later developed into the colony of Rhode Island.

equality

Quakers believed in the _____________ of men and women in the eyes of God.

nonviolence

Quakers supported _________________ and religious tolerance for all people.

Society of Friends

Quakers, known as _______________, was one of the largest religious groups in NJ.

Louisiana

Rene-Robert de La Salle claimed the Mississippi River valley for King Louis XIV of France, and to honor him, named the entire region ____________.

John White

Sir Walter Raleigh tried to settle Roanoke Island (off NC coast) in 1585, but colonists found life too hard and returned to England after only one year. It was this man, _______________, a talented artist, who returned in the spring of 1587 and resettled Roanoke with 150 colonists.

Vikings

Skilled sailors who were the first Europeans to reach North America

Olaudah Equiano

Slavery was a viciously brutal condition for many inhabitants of the southern colonies. One former slave named _____________ , recorded his experiences.

Caravels

Smaller, lighter, and easier to steer, these were ships invented by the Portuguese.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean when he and his men crossed Panama

Henry Hudson

The DUTCH also entered the race. They hired English Captain, __________, to find a Northwest Passage. This man first sailed to present day New York in 1609.

Canada

The French tried to build a settlement in Florida but were run out by the Spanish. Conflicts in France further delayed French exploration, and when able, they renewed their efforts and began to settle present day Eastern ___________.

Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island

The New England colonies of ______, _______, _______, ________ were very different from the southern colonies. The harsh climate and rocky soil meant few families could grow cash crops. There was little demand for farm labor since most people only grew crops/livestock for themselves. Although some people owned slaves, slavery did not become important to this region.

San Salvador

The Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria landed in present-day Bahamas on an island he named ___________________ and means "Holy Savior".

Virginia

The Pilgrims knew they would be outside the authority of which colonial government when they landed? (Hint: they were too far north for their charter to apply)

Doctrine of Discovery

The Pope's decree and the line of demarcation helped establish the idea that if a country explored newly found land, they were entitled to own it. This idea came to be known as the _________________________and would have devastating effects on Native Americans for centuries to come.

Corn

The Powhatan traded food for tools/pots & taught colonists how to grow ________.

Anglican Church

The Spanish Armada, or fleet of ships, was launched to invade England and overthrow Protestant Queen Elizabeth and the ______________, also know as the Church of England.

Simple

The Protestants wanted religion to be ____________, not complex, as they believed the Catholic religion was.

Covenant

The Puritans believed they had made a _________ , or promise with God, to build an ideal Christian community.

Self-government

The Puritans turned the General Court into a type of _________________ to represent the needs of the people. Each town sent 2-3 delegates to the court, and after Winthrop had served his term as governor, the General Court elected subsequent governors and their assistants. In 1644, the General Court became a two-house, or bicameral legislature.

Plymouth Colony

The Puritans were well-prepared to start their new colony, having brought lots of tools and livestock with them. They also received little resistance from Native Americans. By 1691, the Massachusetts Bay colony had expanded to include the Pilgrim's __________________.

"Light to all nations"

The Puritans, Pilgrims, and Quakers were Protestant groups who didn't always agree with one another, but their ideas helped frame the future of our nation, making it a "_______ __ ___ _______"

Netherlands

The Separatists FIRST fled to the _____________, a wealthy maritime superpower that was far more religiously diverse and tolerant. But while life in Holland was peaceful, it wasn't English, and the Separatists feared that their children were losing their native culture. They decided that the only way to live as true English Christians was to separate even further and establish their own colony in the New World.

Pilgrims

The _______ wanted a total separation from the Church of England.

Isthmus of Panama

The _________ was a new passage for exploration and was discovered by Vasco Nunez de Balboa.

main

The ____________ focus of the colonial communities was their religious life, health care, and community well-being.

middle class

The ____________ is a social class between upper and working classes.

Headright

The ______________ system was started by the Virginia company and was a system which gave colonists who paid their way to Virginia 50 acres of land.

Asia

The backing of Prince Henry the Navigator was a factor which led to the discovery of the Sea Route from Europe to ____________________.

Manhattan

The center of New Netherland trade was New Amsterdam on ____________ Island.

Plymouth

The charter of 1691 merged the ___________ colony and Maine into the Massachusetts Bay Colony. These settlers were a group of Puritan refugees from England.

Proprietary

The colony of Maryland would be a ______________colony, meaning the colony's owners would control the government.

Economy

The defeat they suffered in the sea battle with England defeat shocked the Spanish because their ________________ was already in trouble.

Tolerance

The diversity in today's New York and New Jersey can be traced back to large land grants and religious ___________ for the people who settled there.

Agriculture

The economy of the southern colonies depended on ______________. They also exported materials for building ships, such as wood and tar. Some colonies traded with local Indians for deerskins to sell.

Dutch

The first Africans were brought to the colonies in 1619 on _________ ships.

Trade; ships

The increase in ______ in New England necessitated increase in _______.

Fur Trade

The trade of this commodity was vitally important to NY and NJ through the 1600's.

Contract

The majority of workers were indentured servants, or people who signed a _________ to be a servant for 4-7 years for those who paid their way to America.

North & South America

The new continents (present day names) eventually explored by European navigators due to Columbus's discoveries were _____________ & _______________ .

Harvard College

The oldest college in America, reflecting Puritan commitment and making sure ministers were properly educated.

Refuge

The second southern colony, Maryland, was formed to be a ___________ for people of the Catholic faith.

Jamestown Fort

The settlement fared better under John Smith who took control of the colony and built ________________ in 1608.

Cape of Good Hope

The southern tip of Africa became known as the _____________________.

1492

The year Columbus set sail.

Cortes and Pizarro

These explorers were second cousins born in Extremadura, where many of the Spanish conquerors were born!

Sea Dogs

These were the group of English sailors who raided Spanish treasure ships. The __________________ were also authorized by Elizabeth I of England and engaged in slave trading. They committed piracy in the Caribbean as well as in European waters.

Henry the Navigator

This Portuguese prince who funded expeditions to the coast of West Africa in the 15th century, leading Portugal to discover a route around Africa, and ultimately one to India.

New Jersey

This colony had a workforce of slaves and indentured servants and a very diverse population of Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots.

Survival

This first Thanksgiving marked the _________ of Pilgrims in the new colony!

New Netherland

This group of people had merchant fleets around the world so of course they came to North America to stake their own claims. They claimed lands between the Delaware and Hudson Rivers, calling the area, ______________. This area included parts of what is now NY, NJ, CT, and DE.

Printing Press

This invention helped spread the ideas of the Protestants.

Henry the Navigator

This person funded explorations, built an observatory, founded a school for navigation, and financed research by map makers and shipbuilders.

Forests

This was a contributor to the important industry of shipbuilding in New England. There were plenty of _____________ in which to get supplies for the trained craftsmen.

Charter

This was a document which granted someone permission to start a colony in North America. Sir Walter Raleigh received one and named the whole area Virginia (it actually included all the land in present day Virginia and North Carolina).

The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account

This was the title of a book written by Bartolomé de Las Casas, a Catholic Priest, and encouraged better treatment of Native Americans.

Columbian Exchange

This world changing practice of trading goods and slaves affected the people and economies of Europe, Africa, and the Americas forever. It is named after the most famous navigator of the time and is called the ______________________.

Toleration Act of 1649

To reduce religious tension, Lord Baltimore presented a bill to the colonial assembly that became known as the _____________.

Encomienda System

To reward these settlers, the Spanish government established the ___________________ which gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these same people were supposed to protect the Native peoples and convert them to Christianity. Instead, most treated them as slaves, and they were badly mistreated!

Money

Tobacco farmers established large farms called plantations where tobacco was so valuable it was sometimes used as __________.

New York City

Today, the town of New Amsterdam, founded by Peter Minuit, is called _______.

Columbian Exchange

Two negative effects of the _________________ were that new diseases were introduced to Native peoples and therefore led to slave trade because the European needed laborers after so many died from the diseases they brought.

Triangular sails

Type of canvas sails invented by Portuguese. They were first used on caravels, enabling sailors to get more 'wind in their sails'.

English

Unbelievably, in 1588, a smaller but faster, ___________ fleet defeated the Spanish Armada in a huge battle.

England, France, Netherlands (Dutch)

What were the main 3 countries whose explorers focused on North America?

Asia

When Columbus died, he still believed he had landed on what continent?

"The starving time"

When Powhatan surrounded the Jamestown fort and would not allow any supplies to go in, a time of disease and famine developed. Colonists called that period _______________.

Royal

When the Virginian Company failed, Virginia became a ____________ colony and existed under the authority of the English crown.

Catholic

Which church not only played a major role in the interactions between Spanish and Native Americans, but also also commanded their priests to convert locals to their religion?

Spain

Which country claimed a huge empire in the Americas?

WEST

Which direction (east or west) did Magellan travel when he circumnavigated the world.

Religious

Which major disagreements among the people of England caused new colonies to be established in North America? (religious, economic, or political)

St. Augustine, Florida

Which present day US city was explored by Ponce de Leon and settled by the Spanish 42 years before Jamestown and 55 years before Plymouth?

Spain and Portugal

Which two countries who were early leaders in overseas exploration and dominated the colonization of the New World through the 1500's?

Native Americans

Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived and were hostile to the Vikings who settled Vinland ?

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

Who paid for Columbus's expedition to the America's (even though he thought he was going to Asia)?

Politics and Religion

_______ and ______ were closely related in New England. Gov't leaders were church members and and ministers often had a great deal of power in Puritan communities. Only male church members could vote. Colonists became full members in the church by becoming what the Puritans called "God's elect", or chosen (reaching this status was difficult and individuals had to pass a test to prove their faith was strong).

Fishing

________ became one of the region's leading industries.

trade

________ was vital to New England's economy. Many merchants exchanged goods locally and overseas. Many merchants became very wealthy.

Quakers

_________ did not follow formal religious practices and dressed plainly.

Wall

___________ Street was originally the wall on the edge of the settlement to defend the people from Indian attacks and is now home to the New York Stock Exchange.

Authority

___________ is the power or right to rule over someone else.

John Smith

___________ took control of the colony in 1608 and forced settlers to work harder. One incentive he gave them for their hard work was to reward them with food.

Education; Bible

___________ was important in the colonies of New England because mothers and fathers wanted their children to be able to read the ___________.

Virginia

____________ was the first southern colony and was founded in 1607. The colony profited from a type of tobacco discovered by John Rolfe.

New York

_____________ Colony began as the Dutch trading outpost of New Netherland in 1614. Twelve years later, officials of the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland founded New Amsterdam, which subsequently became a city by the same name.

African Exploration

_____________ Explorers (those who sought Asian sea route by going around tip of Africa) were Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama.

John Cabot

_____________, an ITALIAN sailor, knew the King of England wanted to find a water route through North America, so he offered to pay for his own expedition, asking the king to grand him a royal charter to any lands he found. Although he didn't find passage to the Pacific Ocean, his voyages were successful and became the BASIS for England's claim to land in North America.

Generous; tolerance

_______________ land grants and religious _____________ soon brought Jews, Huguenots, Puritans, and others to New Netherland.

Sir Francis Drake

_______________ was the most successful and daring Of the Sea Dogs.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

________________ had to obey English laws. However, their colony charter allowed more freedom than did the royal charter of Virginia. For example, it created the General Court to help run the its colony.

New Amsterdam

________________ was captured by the English during the Anglo-Dutch Wars and was renamed in 1665 to New York, in honor of the Kings brother, James, duke of York.

public education

__________________ was organized and promoted so future generations would have literate ministers, communities, and established towns.

The Colony of Maryland

___________________ was the first to create a law supporting religious toleration.