Zoology 250
In the hierarchy of organization of living things, which of the following is the simplest level at which we wee all the basic functions of life?
cells
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
cellulose
This polysaccharide is the most abundant organic compound on the earth, but humans and many other animals lack the enzymes to digest it. This polysaccharide is called ___ and is found in ___.
cellulose; cell walls of plants
Whet ATP breaks down , potential energy stored in bonds is released. This energy stored in bonds is _____ energy.
chemical
Who is considered the father of modern medicine?
Hippocrates
Bond between 2 water molecules
Hydrogen
When you exercise you generate excess heat and your body temperature rises. Blood vessels dilate to the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and you lose heat. This process is called
Negative feedback.
____ is a process that submits a scientist's ideas to the critical judgment of other specialists in the field before the research is funded or published
Peer review
Which of the following is most likely to cause disease?
Positive feedback
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S
A high density of ___ in a cell might suggest that it plays a role in detoxifying drugs or other chemicals.
Smooth edoplasmic reticulum
A mutation may or may not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.
True
Derivatives are structures developed from embryonic epidermis.
True
Fats are described as saturated if they have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
True
Id tissue grows by cell division, it is said to exhibit hyperplasia.
True
In human physiology, manganese and copper are trace elements, whereas sodium and iron are present in quantities too large to be classified as trace elements.
True
Skin is the first line of defense against infection.
True
The internal anatomy depicted in textbooks and atlases applies to only 70% of the population.
True
The more energy an electron has, the farther away from the nucleus its orbit lies.
True
The smooth outer membrane; with folded inner membranes surrounding a matrix, are known as mitochondria.
True
There are no functional flagella in the female body.
True
There is a layer of areolar tissue immediately deep to the epidermis.
True
If part of a gene had the base sequence TGCCAT and it were transcribed to mRNA, what would be the base sequence of the tRNA anticodons that would bind to that region of the mRNA?
UGCCAU
Any zone of tissue injury is called
a lesion.
The epithelium lining the trachea is capable of
a producing mucus and moving material across its surface.
Consider potassium (k), which has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39. How many outer or valence electrons exist in this atom?
1
If part o a gene had the base sequence TGCCAT, what would be the base sequence of the corresponding mRNA?
ACGGUA
In transfer RNA (tRNA), one end has three nucleotides called anticondons, which attaches to the condon on the functional mRNA. At the end there is a binding site for ____.
Amino acids
The smallest structures that biologists consider being alive are
Cells
The organelles and cytoskeleton of a cell are embedded in a clear gel called the ____, while the fluid outside the cell is called____ .
Cytosol; extracellular fluid
According to the rule of eights, all elements have eight electrons in their valence shell.
False
As people get older, brown fat constitutes a greater percentage of their body weight.
False
If a cell doubled in diameter, it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain.
False
In an epithelium, there is no extracellular matrix.
False
Jaundice can result from ingestion of large amounts of dietary carotene.
False
Positive feedback usually helps to restore normal function when one of the body's physiological variables gets out of balance.
False
Tendons, ligaments, and the deep layer of the skin are primarily made up of elastin fibers.
False
The transverse plane divides the body into left and right parts.
False
A decrease in the size of a tissue or organ is
atrophy
Cell-adhesion molecules, or CAMs ,are integral proteins that
attach cells together and to the extracellular material.
Chemical solutions that resist changes in pH are called____.
buffers
The dermal papilla of a hair is found in its
bulb.
What of the primary tissue types is most likely to have the function of holding and organ against the body wall?
connective
Once two adjacent tRNAs bind to condons on the mRNA, an enzyme in the large ribosomal subunit leads to formation of ___bonds between the adjacent amino acids.
covalent
The proton of a hair follicle that may appear as shingles on a roof or single layer of cells cont the
cuticle.
The chemical properties of an atom are determined by the number of ____
electrons.
The germ layer that gives rise to mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tracts is called
endoderm.
A carcinoma is a type of tumor that develops from
epithelial cells.
A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is called
evolution
All glands that release their products by way of ducts, rather than directly into the bloodstream, are called ___ glands.
exocrine
The greatest immediate threat to the survival of a patient with severe burns is
fluid loss.
Morse code consists of only two symbols, "." and "-" . A binary computer code consists of only two symbols, 1 and 0. The number of symbols in the genetic code, however, is
four.
Morse code consists of only two symbols, "." and "-".A binary computer code consists of only two symbols, 1and 0. The number of symbols in the genetic code, however, is
four.
Oxygen normally exists as a stable molecule composed of two oxygen atoms, O2. If exposed to certain chemicals or radiation, an extra electron may be added to O2 to form a_____
free radical.
Blond hair
has a sparse amount of melanin in the cortex.
Study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs is called
histology
Studying tissue specimens that are thinly sliced, stained, and observed under a microscope is called
histology
Sodium ions (Na+1) and chloride ions (CI-1) attract each other to form a ____ bond, which results in a compound called a ____.
ionic; salt
This primary germ layer is the middle layer called ___ and gives rise to a gelatinous material called ___ that gives rise to the different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.
mesoderm; mesenchyme
Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of _____, which are cell extensions that increase surface area.
microvilli
If you were looking at human cells in interphase with a light microscope, which of the following might be visible in their nuclei?
necleoli
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and
neuroglia.
Thin skin is found
on the eyelids.
This skin is found
on the fingertips.
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of human structural complexity from the smallest to the largest structural units?
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Which of the following terms is defined as examine the body for signs of normalcy or disease by touching structures with the finger tips?
palpation
studying anatomy by touch, for example during a physical examination, is called
palpation
This structure produces "goose bumps":
pilorector
The special type of vesicular transport that moves droplets of extracellular fluid into the cell is ____.
pinocytosis
The belief that complex systems can be understood from knowledge of their parts is
reductionism
This organelle is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and manufactures proteins to be secreted from cell or packaged in organelles such as lysosomes.
rough ER
It is because of ___ that human sex cells are haploid.
segregation
The tissue type has a mesodermal origin:
skeletal muscle.
A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. that is to say, the receptor exhibits
specificity.
Which two of the following shapes are commonly found in epithelial tissues?
squamous and columnar
The secretory cells of a gland are supported by a connective tissue framework called the
stroma.
If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature?
sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels.
Of the following, the only substance that directly binds to an amino acid during protein synthesis is
tRNA
proteins can form globular and fibrous shapes. This results from hydrophobic groups associating with each other and avoiding water, while hydrophilic groups are attracted to the surrounding water. These globular and fibrous proteins exhibit the highest complexity of a ____ structure.
tertiary
A hair receives its nutrition from
the dermal papilla.
The skin does not include
the hypodermis.
Debridement is a treatment for
third-degree burns.
A/an ____ is a small sac of gland cells arranged around a space into which they secrete their product.
acinus
Mosquitoes are attracted to these two materials diffusing throughout the skin.
amino acids and steroids
The major function of the villus hair on your arm is to
detect objects with a light touch.
One function of a chaperone, or heat shock protein, is
to regulate the folding of newly synthesize polypeptides.
Insulin is taken up by cells lining capillaries (endothelial cells) and transported across the other side where it is released to the tissues. This transport, which captures on one side and releases on the other, is called
transcytosis.
Insulin is taken up by cells lining capillaries (endothelial cells) and transported across the other side where it ia released to the tissues. This transport, which captures on one side and releases on the other, is called
transytosis.
The synthesis of ___ depends on the penetration of ultraviolet light through the epidermis.
vitamin D
Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable clout compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?
water will move from solution B to solution A