Zoology 250

In the hierarchy of organization of living things, which of the following is the simplest level at which we wee all the basic functions of life?

cells

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

cellulose

This polysaccharide is the most abundant organic compound on the earth, but humans and many other animals lack the enzymes to digest it. This polysaccharide is called ___ and is found in ___.

cellulose; cell walls of plants

Whet ATP breaks down , potential energy stored in bonds is released. This energy stored in bonds is _____ energy.

chemical

Who is considered the father of modern medicine?

Hippocrates

Bond between 2 water molecules

Hydrogen

When you exercise you generate excess heat and your body temperature rises. Blood vessels dilate to the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and you lose heat. This process is called

Negative feedback.

____ is a process that submits a scientist's ideas to the critical judgment of other specialists in the field before the research is funded or published

Peer review

Which of the following is most likely to cause disease?

Positive feedback

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

S

A high density of ___ in a cell might suggest that it plays a role in detoxifying drugs or other chemicals.

Smooth edoplasmic reticulum

A mutation may or may not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

True

Derivatives are structures developed from embryonic epidermis.

True

Fats are described as saturated if they have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

True

Id tissue grows by cell division, it is said to exhibit hyperplasia.

True

In human physiology, manganese and copper are trace elements, whereas sodium and iron are present in quantities too large to be classified as trace elements.

True

Skin is the first line of defense against infection.

True

The internal anatomy depicted in textbooks and atlases applies to only 70% of the population.

True

The more energy an electron has, the farther away from the nucleus its orbit lies.

True

The smooth outer membrane; with folded inner membranes surrounding a matrix, are known as mitochondria.

True

There are no functional flagella in the female body.

True

There is a layer of areolar tissue immediately deep to the epidermis.

True

If part of a gene had the base sequence TGCCAT and it were transcribed to mRNA, what would be the base sequence of the tRNA anticodons that would bind to that region of the mRNA?

UGCCAU

Any zone of tissue injury is called

a lesion.

The epithelium lining the trachea is capable of

a producing mucus and moving material across its surface.

Consider potassium (k), which has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39. How many outer or valence electrons exist in this atom?

1

If part o a gene had the base sequence TGCCAT, what would be the base sequence of the corresponding mRNA?

ACGGUA

In transfer RNA (tRNA), one end has three nucleotides called anticondons, which attaches to the condon on the functional mRNA. At the end there is a binding site for ____.

Amino acids

The smallest structures that biologists consider being alive are

Cells

The organelles and cytoskeleton of a cell are embedded in a clear gel called the ____, while the fluid outside the cell is called____ .

Cytosol; extracellular fluid

According to the rule of eights, all elements have eight electrons in their valence shell.

False

As people get older, brown fat constitutes a greater percentage of their body weight.

False

If a cell doubled in diameter, it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain.

False

In an epithelium, there is no extracellular matrix.

False

Jaundice can result from ingestion of large amounts of dietary carotene.

False

Positive feedback usually helps to restore normal function when one of the body's physiological variables gets out of balance.

False

Tendons, ligaments, and the deep layer of the skin are primarily made up of elastin fibers.

False

The transverse plane divides the body into left and right parts.

False

A decrease in the size of a tissue or organ is

atrophy

Cell-adhesion molecules, or CAMs ,are integral proteins that

attach cells together and to the extracellular material.

Chemical solutions that resist changes in pH are called____.

buffers

The dermal papilla of a hair is found in its

bulb.

What of the primary tissue types is most likely to have the function of holding and organ against the body wall?

connective

Once two adjacent tRNAs bind to condons on the mRNA, an enzyme in the large ribosomal subunit leads to formation of ___bonds between the adjacent amino acids.

covalent

The proton of a hair follicle that may appear as shingles on a roof or single layer of cells cont the

cuticle.

The chemical properties of an atom are determined by the number of ____

electrons.

The germ layer that gives rise to mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tracts is called

endoderm.

A carcinoma is a type of tumor that develops from

epithelial cells.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is called

evolution

All glands that release their products by way of ducts, rather than directly into the bloodstream, are called ___ glands.

exocrine

The greatest immediate threat to the survival of a patient with severe burns is

fluid loss.

Morse code consists of only two symbols, "." and "-" . A binary computer code consists of only two symbols, 1 and 0. The number of symbols in the genetic code, however, is

four.

Morse code consists of only two symbols, "." and "-".A binary computer code consists of only two symbols, 1and 0. The number of symbols in the genetic code, however, is

four.

Oxygen normally exists as a stable molecule composed of two oxygen atoms, O2. If exposed to certain chemicals or radiation, an extra electron may be added to O2 to form a_____

free radical.

Blond hair

has a sparse amount of melanin in the cortex.

Study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs is called

histology

Studying tissue specimens that are thinly sliced, stained, and observed under a microscope is called

histology

Sodium ions (Na+1) and chloride ions (CI-1) attract each other to form a ____ bond, which results in a compound called a ____.

ionic; salt

This primary germ layer is the middle layer called ___ and gives rise to a gelatinous material called ___ that gives rise to the different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.

mesoderm; mesenchyme

Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of _____, which are cell extensions that increase surface area.

microvilli

If you were looking at human cells in interphase with a light microscope, which of the following might be visible in their nuclei?

necleoli

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and

neuroglia.

Thin skin is found

on the eyelids.

This skin is found

on the fingertips.

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of human structural complexity from the smallest to the largest structural units?

organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Which of the following terms is defined as examine the body for signs of normalcy or disease by touching structures with the finger tips?

palpation

studying anatomy by touch, for example during a physical examination, is called

palpation

This structure produces "goose bumps":

pilorector

The special type of vesicular transport that moves droplets of extracellular fluid into the cell is ____.

pinocytosis

The belief that complex systems can be understood from knowledge of their parts is

reductionism

This organelle is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and manufactures proteins to be secreted from cell or packaged in organelles such as lysosomes.

rough ER

It is because of ___ that human sex cells are haploid.

segregation

The tissue type has a mesodermal origin:

skeletal muscle.

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. that is to say, the receptor exhibits

specificity.

Which two of the following shapes are commonly found in epithelial tissues?

squamous and columnar

The secretory cells of a gland are supported by a connective tissue framework called the

stroma.

If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature?

sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels.

Of the following, the only substance that directly binds to an amino acid during protein synthesis is

tRNA

proteins can form globular and fibrous shapes. This results from hydrophobic groups associating with each other and avoiding water, while hydrophilic groups are attracted to the surrounding water. These globular and fibrous proteins exhibit the highest complexity of a ____ structure.

tertiary

A hair receives its nutrition from

the dermal papilla.

The skin does not include

the hypodermis.

Debridement is a treatment for

third-degree burns.

A/an ____ is a small sac of gland cells arranged around a space into which they secrete their product.

acinus

Mosquitoes are attracted to these two materials diffusing throughout the skin.

amino acids and steroids

The major function of the villus hair on your arm is to

detect objects with a light touch.

One function of a chaperone, or heat shock protein, is

to regulate the folding of newly synthesize polypeptides.

Insulin is taken up by cells lining capillaries (endothelial cells) and transported across the other side where it is released to the tissues. This transport, which captures on one side and releases on the other, is called

transcytosis.

Insulin is taken up by cells lining capillaries (endothelial cells) and transported across the other side where it ia released to the tissues. This transport, which captures on one side and releases on the other, is called

transytosis.

The synthesis of ___ depends on the penetration of ultraviolet light through the epidermis.

vitamin D

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable clout compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?

water will move from solution B to solution A