Zoology Part 2

Which accurately describes peroxisomes? contain endosomes are part of the endomembrane system contain enzymes are macrobodies

contain enzymes

The outer membrane of a mitochondrion is smooth while the inner membrane folds into numerous fingerlike projections called ______. phagosomes microvilli cisternae cristae

cristae

The ______ is located between the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane and contains many organelles. nucleus cytoplasm flagellum chromosome

cytoplasm

Vesicles are part of the endomembrane system because they form from or receive materials from these organelles. Select all that may apply. Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum

All organisms are composed of [ ] , the basic structural units of life.

cell or cells

A component of the endomembrane system called the ______ is the site of protein and lipid synthesis. endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope Golgi complex plasma membrane

endoplasmic reticulum

The major components of cells include the plasma membrane, the [ ] region , and the cytoplasm.

nuclear or nucleus

The energy derived from ATP to fuel cellular reactions is stored in the ______. sugars hydrogen atoms phosphate bonds nitrogen bonds

phosphate bonds

Eukaryotic cells are enclosed by the [ ] [ ], which is thin and selectively permeable.

plasma, cell, or cellular membrane

Which of the following are roles performed by epithelial cells? Select all that apply. secretion of mucus transport of molecules storage of fats protection

secretion of mucus transport of molecules protection

A(n) [ ] is group of similar cells specialized for performing a common function.

tissue

The term [ ], refers to the relative concentration of solutes in the water inside and outside the cell.

tonicity

_________ are the basic unit of life, comprising all living organisms. Multiple choice question. Organs Cells Organelles Peroxisomes

Cells

Place the levels of organization found in animals into the correct sequence from simplest at the top to most complex at the bottom.

Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System

The movement of molecules into cells against their concentration gradients is a type of carrier-mediated transport called [ ] transport and is powered by ATP.

active

he movement of molecules across cell membranes against a concentration gradient is called ______. passive diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport simple diffusion

active transport

Water passes or enters the plasma membrane through special channels called [ ]

aquaporins or aquaporin

Which of the following serves as a barrier, separating a cell's interior from its external environment? nuclear envelope cytoplasm plasma membrane cytosol

plasma membrane

The [ ] [ ] is important in regulating the movement of materials into and out of the cell, separating cells from one another and separating organelles from each other.

plasma, cell, or cellular membrane

All cells have a [ ] [ ], or an outer boundary that separates the cell's interior from its external environment.

plasma, cellular, or cell membrane

Select the ways that a substance can enter an animal cell. exocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis pinocytosis endocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis pinocytosis endocytosis

A group of similar cells specialized for performance of a common function is also known as ______. an organelle an organ system a tissue an organ

a tissue

Which of the following accurately describes an epithelium? A sheet of cells that covers an internal or external surface in the animal body A layer of cells that lines the internal surfaces of ducts within the animal body A layer of cells that is at least two cells thick, lining all external surfaces of the animal body

A sheet of cells that covers an internal or external surface in the animal body

Match each mechanism of transport across a membrane with its correct description. A:diffusion B:mediated transport C:endocytosis a:movement along a concentration gradient b:movement using a transmembrane protein c:involution of the membrane to form a vesicle around a substance

A;a B;b C;c

Which of the following are classified as autotrophs, garnering their energy from the sun to make food? Select all that may apply. Algae Carnivores Plants Herbivores

Algae, Plants

Which of the following are accurate statements regarding energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. The mitochondrion converts energy for use in cells. Metabolism requires energy. GTP is the molecule that makes energy available within cells.

Energy is the capacity to do work. The mitochondrion converts energy for use in cells. Metabolism requires energy.

[ ] tissue is a sheet of cells that lines a surface (internal or external) in the animal body

Epithelia, Epithelial, or Epithelium

Select all of the following that are components of the endomembrane system. mitochondria centrioles Golgi complex vesicles endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi complex vesicles endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following molecules can permeate the lipid bilayer? Hydrophobic molecules Carbon dioxide Sugar molecules Molecular oxygen

Hydrophobic molecules Carbon dioxide Molecular oxygen

Which statements below best describe transport of substances across a plasma membrane? Larger hydrophobic molecules move through the lipid bilayer easily. Hydrophilic molecules move through the lipid bilayer easily. Small nonpolar molecules move through the lipid bilayer easily.

Larger hydrophobic molecules move through the lipid bilayer easily. Small nonpolar molecules move through the lipid bilayer easily.

[ ] are double-membrane bound organelles that are frequently called "power generators" of the cell because they convert energy to a usable form for cell usage.

Mitochondria or Mitochondrion

Which of the following are accurate statements about adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Select all that apply. The bonds between the phosphates are high energy bonds. It is made of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and one phosphate group. It is the energy currency of the cell. It contains ribose.

The bonds between the phosphates are high energy bonds. It is the energy currency of the cell. It contains ribose.

Select all of the following that are true of microtubules. They form cilia and flagella. They move chromosomes during cell division. Tubulin subunits compose the larger microtubule protein. They assist in exocytosis and endocytosis.

They form cilia and flagella. They move chromosomes during cell division. Tubulin subunits compose the larger microtubule protein.

Select the following that are true of cilia or flagella. They propel organisms through liquid environments. They sweep materials past the cell. They are composed of a regular pattern of microtubules. They function in movement of molecules within the cell.

They propel organisms through liquid environments. They sweep materials past the cell. They are composed of a regular pattern of microtubules.

True or false: A cell is described as the smallest independent unit in which reproduction of life takes place. True False

True

True or false: Selective permeability is required to maintain the unique internal environment of the cell. True False

True

Select the characteristics of mitochondria. contain circular DNA molecule digest worn-out cell components using powerful enzymes self-replicating produce ATP synthesize glucose contain enzymes on inner membrane

contain circular DNA molecule self-replicating produce ATP contain enzymes on inner membrane

All cells are composed of a ______. cytoplasm plasma membrane cell wall nuclear region

cytoplasm plasma membrane nuclear region

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ______. nucleus cytoplasmic endomembrane system inner cristae of mitochondria cristae of mitochondria

cytoplasmic endomembrane system

The [ ] is a system of filaments and tubules providing support for the cell and a means for locomotion and intracellular movement of components.

cytoskeleton

Facilitated diffusion is the ______. simple diffusion of a molecule across the membrane up its concentration gradient use of ATP to allow diffusion of a molecule down its concentration gradient diffusion of a molecule across the membrane using a transporter protein active transport of a molecule up its concentration gradient

diffusion of a molecule across the membrane using a transporter protein

Peroxisomes are membrane enclosed vesicles that contain ______. cytoplasm enzymes DNA

enzymes

In the small intestine, the [ ] tissues secrete enzymes into the digestive tract and absorb products of digestion.

epithelial

In [ ] diffusion, a transporter protein assists a molecule to diffuse across the plasma membrane.

facilitated

Cells can be characterized by which of the following? Select all that apply. have a common origin make up living organisms have similar organization are large in size make up non-living things

have a common origin make up living organisms have similar organization

Herbivores and carnivores are classified as [ ] because they obtain their energy by ingesting other organisms.

heterotrophs or consumers

Due to osmosis, water will flow across the plasma membrane toward the area of ______ solute concentration because the concentration of water in that area is ______. lower; lower lower; higher higher; higher higher; lower

higher; lower

Phospholipids have a polar head region which is described as [ ] , or "water attracting."

hydrophilic

Aquaporins are channels that allow ___________ to cross the plasma membrane. ions and glucose, but not water, glucose and amino acids, but not water, hydrophilic molecules and water amino acids, carbohydrates, and ions

hydrophilic molecules and water

Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton. synthesis of proteins for export form the cell maintain cell form prevent drying out of the cell cell support movement of macromolecules within a cell

maintain cell form cell support movement of macromolecules within a cell

The sum of cellular reactions that make life possible is called [ ]

metabolism

Select all of the following that are components of the cytoskeleton. endomembrane system mitochondria microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments

microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments

Cilia and flagella are ______. only found in prokaryotes cytoskeletal filaments two types of endoplasmic reticulum motile extensions of the cell surface

motile extensions of the cell surface

The membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells is called the ______. nuclear lysosome plasma membrane nuclear envelope nuclear reticulum

nuclear envelope

The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called [ ]

osmosis

Plasma membranes are important in which of the following? Choose all that apply. regulation of material moving into and out of the cell the separation of cytoplasm from the outside of the cell producing the receptors that are housed in the membrane the separation of organelles from one another

regulation of material moving into and out of the cell the separation of cytoplasm from the outside of the cell the separation of organelles from one another

The fact that cell membranes are __________________ means that only certain molecules are able to cross the membrane. fluid and flexible freely moveable sites of cell to cell contact selectively permeable

selectively permeable

The movement of a molecule from an area where its concentration is higher to an area where its concentration is lower is called ______. active transport mitosis carrier transport simple diffusion

simple diffusion

Which of the following descriptions applies to the nucleus of a cell? site for the storage of genetic information site of DNA to RNA transcription site for the storage of cellular proteins contains DNA and acts as an information center

site for the storage of genetic information site of DNA to RNA transcription contains DNA and acts as an information center

The [ ] endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis, whereas the [ ] endoplasmic reticulum includes bound ribosomes that synthesize proteins.

smooth, rough

Tonicity refers to the relative concentration of ______ both inside and outside the cell. water proteins solutes

solutes

What level of animal organization involves multiple organs working together? system organ tissue cellular

system

The nonpolar, hydrophobic [ ] region of a phospholipid is found on the inner surface of cell membranes.

tail

As depicted in the figure, if red blood cells are placed in pure water, water will flow into the cells because ______. the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher the concentration of water outside the cells is lower the concentration of solutes inside the cell is lower the concentration of water inside the cells is lower

the concentration of water inside the cells is lower

Plasma membranes are important in which of the following? Choose all that apply. the separation of cytoplasm from the outside of the cell the separation of organelles from one another producing the receptors that are housed in the membrane regulation of material moving into and out of the cell

the separation of cytoplasm from the outside of the cell the separation of organelles from one another regulation of material moving into and out of the cell

If the concentration of a solute molecule is greater inside the cell than outside the cell, what direction will the solute molecule tend to move by simple diffusion, assuming that the membrane is permeable to the solute? to the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell

to the outside of the cell

Microtubules are composed of a protein called actin tubulin dynein myosin

tubulin

Small membrane-enclosed structures called [ ] are part of the endomembrane system and form from or receive materials from organelles such as the Golgi apparatus.

vesicles

Osmosis is the movement of ______ across a membrane. glucose ions nonpolar solutes water

water