11.1 Where is Industry Distributed?

major industrial areas in Europe:

UK, Rhine-Ruhr Valley, Mid-Rhine, Po Basin, Northeastern Spain, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Urals, Volga, Kuznetsk, Donetsk, Silesia

Southeastern Ontario

Canada's most import ant industrial area

Po Basin

attracted textiles and otter industries because of numerous workers willing to accept tower ages and inexpensive hydroelectricity from the nearby Alps

North America's Industrial Areas

New England, Middle Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh-Lake Erie, Western Great Lakes, Southern California, Southeastern Ontario

transportation

canals then railroads enabled factories to attract large numbers of workers, bring in bulky raw materials such as iron ore and coal, and ship finished goods to consumers

food processing

canning food in glass bottles sterilized in boiling water

Western Great Lakes

centered on Chicago, hub of nation's transportation network and now center of steel production

Southern California

clothing and textile production

Urals

contain the world's most varied collection of minerals

chemicals

created to bleach and dye cloth

UK

dominated world production of steel and textiles during 19th century

iron

first industry to benefit from Watt/s steam engine

South Korea

focused on export-oriented manufacturers

Rhine-Ruhr Valley

has concentration of iron and step manufacturing because of proximity to large coal-fields

cottage industry system

home-based manufacturing

Middle Atlantic

largest U.S. market

Pittsburgh-Lake Erie

leading steel-producing area in the 19th century

Mohawk Valley

linear industrial belt

Japan

producing goods that could be sold in large quantity at citrate prices to consumers in other countries

Volga

region containing Russia's largest petroleum and natural gas fields.

industrial revolution

series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

New England

textile center

industrial revolution misleading term:

transformation was more than industrial, it resulted in new social, economic, and political inventions, not just industrial ones & changes involved a gradual diffusion of new ideas and techniques over decades rather than an instantaneous revolution

textiles

transformed from dispersed cottage industry to a concentrated factory system during late 18th century

coal

wood, the main energy source prior to IR became scarce, turning to coal

China

world's largest supply of low-cost labor and largest marker for many consumer products

Donetsk

Eastern Ukraine, has one of the world's largest coal reserves

Northeastern Spain

Europe's fastest growing manufacturing area during late 20th century

Mid-Rhine

Europe's most centrally located industrial area

Silesia

Europe's most rapidly growing industrial area takes advantage of a skilled but low-paid workforce and proximity to wealthy markets in Western Europe

Kuznetsk

Russia's most important manufacturing district east of the Ural Mountains, with the country's largest reserves of coal and an abundant supply of iron ore

Moscow

Russia's oldest industrial region, centered around the country's capital and largest city

St. Petersburg

Russia's second-largest city, specializes in shipbuilding and other industries serving Russia's navy and ports in the Baltic Sea