113 - Nervous System Unit Test

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cauda equina

"horse's tail", a fan of nerve fibers below the spinal cord

Nerve that transmits sensory info to the spinal cord

2 afferent nerve

lateral ventricles

A set of paired ventricles lying within the cerebral hemispheres.

Pons function

Assists medulla in regulating autonomic functions like breathing

Cerebellum function

Balance and coordination

pia mater

Innermost layer of the meninges

central sulcus

Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Snellen test

Test visual Acuity. Pt stands 20 ft reads letters.

proprioception

The ability to tell where one's body is in space.

cerebellum location

back of brain

CSF functions

buoyancy, protection, environmental stability

efferent nerves

carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerves

insula

cerebral lobe located deep within lateral sulcus

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

The olfactory bulbs are located

directly below the frontal lobes.

which meningeal layer has folds

dura mater

denticulate ligaments

extensions of pia mater that secure cord to dura mater

filum terminale

fibrous extension of the pia mater; anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

temporal lobe function

hearing

nystagmus

involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes

frontal lobe function

involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control

polysynaptic

multiple synapses

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

monosynaptic

one synapse

parietal lobe

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

precentral gyrus

primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

ependymal cells

produce cerebrospinal fluid

choroid plexus

produces cerebrospinal fluid

reflex arc components

receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Gyri (gyrus)

ridges of the cortex of the cerebrum

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory

sense of smell

tentorium cerebelli

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

transverse fissure

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

longitudinal fissure

separates left and right hemispheres

falx cerebri

separates the two cerebral hemispheres

Sulci (sulcus)

shallow grooves that separate gyri

crista galli of ethmoid bone

superior projection in the middle of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull

which lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing

temporal lobe

Ishihara test

test for color blindness

bone conduction

the conduction of sound to the inner ear through the bones of the skull

corpus callosum

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

blind spot

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there

optic chiasm

the point in the brain where the visual field information from each eye "crosses over" to the appropriate side of the brain for processing

medulla oblongata

the posterior part of the brain that controls the rate of breathing and other autonomic functions

air conduction

the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna

postcentral gyrus

the strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus, that receives somatosensory information from the entire body

dura mater

tough outer layer of the meninges

rods and cones

two types of photoreceptors

occipital lobe function

visual processing

arachnoid mater

weblike middle layer of the three meninges

subarachnoid space

a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid


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