12-15

FIVE TYPES OF CROWDS

Casual, Conemtional, Expressive, Acting, Protest, Civil

Authority Charismatic

Charismatic authority tends to be temporary and relatively unstable; it derives primary from individuals leaders (who may change their minds and ideas, or even perish) and from an administrative structure usually limited to a small number of faithful followers. Examples of Charismatic Leaders may be politicians, soldiers, or entertainers, among others.

Gathering

Collective Behavior is voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant group norms and values.

Conflict Theorist Perspective

Elite Model According to the Elite Model, Power in political systems is concentrated in the hands of a small group of elites, and the masses are relatively powerless. Power Elite / Ruling Class According to C. Wright Mills and G. William Domhoff, the Power Elite or Ruling Class, comprises leaders at the top of business, the executive branch of the federal government, and the military. Accordingly, the "corporate rich" are in control of "political power".

The Functions of the State

Establishing Laws and Norms, Ensuring Economic Stability (services),Setting Goals,Providing Social Control,Protecting Against Outside Threats

Fact: All societies need a system of structure and a system of authority. Therefore, the presence of Government

Fact: Moreover, ALL CITIZENS within a society need a system of Government for purposes of ORDER and SOCIAL CONTROL

Socialism has three main features: (1) Public ownership of the means of production (2) Pursuit of collective goals (3) Centralized decision making

Fact: No world economy is absolutely and truly capitalist or socialist; most economies are mixtures of both.

Masses

A Mass is a collectivity that takes place when people (who often are geographically separated from one another) respond to the same event in much the same way.

Organization

A Social Movement is an organize group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action.

Social movements

A Social Movement is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action.

In American Politics, the Government is the primary political system.

Government is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationship among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

Authoritarianism

Is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.

Monarchy

Is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance

Totalitarianism

Is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives.

Democracy

Is a political system in which they people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

Holistic or Alternative Medicine

Is an approach to health care that focuses on prevention of illnesses and disease and is aimed at treating the whole person - body and mind - rather than just the part or parts in which symptoms occur.

Food Scarcity

Overpopulation, Life Expectancy Healthcare

Functionalist Perspective

Pluralist ModelAccording to the Pluralist Model, Power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups (Special Interests Groups).

Political Action Committees

Political Actions Committees (or PAC's) are organizations of special interest groups that solicit contributions from donors and fund campaigns to help elect (or defeat) candidates based on their stances on specific issues.

The Social Institution of Politics

Politics is the process by which power is distributed and decisions are made. Power, to follow up, is the ability of an individual or group to attain goals, control events, and maintain influence over others - even in the face of opposition.

Rational Legal Authority

Power legitimize by law or written roles and regulations. Another name for this type of authority is: "Bureaucratic Authority". In a Rational Authority (or Rational-Legal Authority), the government bureaucracy is the apparatus responsible for creating and enforcing rules in the public interest.

Power and Authority

Power may be defined as "the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others

stages of social movements

Preliminary, coalescence, and institionalization

Social Change

Social Change is the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time.

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the mans of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market competition and without government intervention.

Socialism is an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of collective goals, and centralized decision making.

Functionalist Perspective The economy is a vital institution because it is the means by which needed goods and services are produced and distributed.

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective The focus is job satisfaction and organizational structure. Cooperation between employees and employers provides a unit of organization were both the owners and workers are winners.

Traditional Authority

This type of power is hereditary and it is in the custom of the given culture or society to accept this power. For example the power that your parents have over you as a child. This is the traditional nature of human beings

5 types of social movements

revoltionar, refor, religio, alternate, resistanc

6 types of masses

rumoe, gossip, mass hysteria, fads, fashions, public opinion

Max Weber's Three Types of Authority

There are THREE TYPES OF AUTHORITY that all individuals have exposure to in a human society.

"Ideal" Capitalism has four distinctive features:

(1) Private ownership of the means of production. (2) Pursuit of personal profit. (3) Competition. (4) Lack of government intervention.

Functionalist perspective: According to Parsons, the sick role has four primary characteristics:

1) The sick person is excused from normal social responsibilities except to the extent that he or she is supposed to do whatever is necessary to get well. (2) The sick person is not held responsible for his or her condition and is not expected to recover by an act of will. (3) The sick person must recognized that being ill is undesirable and must want to recover. (4) The sick person is obligated to seek medical care and cooperate with the advice of the designated experts, notably the physicians.

Western or Contemporary Medicine

A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also called conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, biomedicine, and allopathic medicine.

DemocratsRepublicans

A two party system, which operates on a winner-takes-all basis. Therefore, groups with differing political interests must face a lack of representation if their candidate lose.

A major Social Problem, that rather becomes a World Problem, is Overpopulation around the world. Here we have two well known Theorists on this major problem; Thomas Malthus and Karl Marx.

According to Malthus, the population, left unchecked, would exceed the available food supply. He argued that the population would increase in a geometric (exponential) progression (2, 4, 8, 16, ...) while the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic progression According to Marx, the food supply is not threatened by overpopulation; technologically, it is possible to produce the food and other goods needed to meet the demands of a growing population.

Symbolic Interactionist attempt to understand the specific meanings and causes that we attribute to particular events. In studying health, symbolic interactionists focus on the meanings that social actors give their illness or disease and how these affect people's self-concept and relationships with others.

According to Symbolic interactionists, we socially construct "health" and "illness" and how both should be treated. Illnesses and Diseases are "labels" given to a list of characteristics or symptoms that the individual develops. This process of labeling symptoms or characteristics of an individual is known as MEDICALIZATION. In this way, Illnesses and Diseases are a "Social Construction".

Economics

This Social Institution is very influential, alleged by many Sociologists to be "a basic element of human need" do to the result of living in a Capitalist Society.

Conflict Theorist Perspective

The economy is based on greed. In order to maximize profits, capitalists suppress the wages of workers. In turn workers cannot purchase products, making it necessary for capitalists to reduce production, close factories, lay off workers, and adopt other remedies that are detrimental to workers.