1/2
The formula for momentum is
mass • velocity
milli- centi- kilo- deka-
1/1000 1/100 1000 10
Which of the following is NOT considered a simple machine?
electric motor
Which of the targets shown below illustrates three shots which could be considered precise, but not accurate?
yall together in right hand of circle
Compared to your weight and mass on Earth, if you were on the moon
your weight would be less, but your mass would remain the same
The displacement x of an object moving along the x‑axis is shown above as a function of time t. The acceleration of this object must be
zero
The force required to keep a space ship moving at constant velocity in deep space, far from all stellar objects is
zero
The graph above represents the relationship between the forces applied to an object and the corresponding accelerations produced. What is the mass of the object?
0.5 kg
A ball is hit with a bat. A student determines that the momentum of the ball is 1.0 kilogram meter per second. What is the mass of the ball if it has a velocity of 2.0 meters per second?
0.50 kg
Calculate the speed of the object from the position vs. time graph shown above.
0.50 m/sec
If Earth had twice its present mass but it orbited at the same distance from the sun as it does now, its orbital period would be
1 year.
A marble rolls along the track below with no friction as shown above. The sequence of positions on the track listed in order from the greatest gravitational potential energy to the least gravitational potential energy is:
1, 5, 4, 2, 3, 6
How many milliliters are in 1 liter?
1,000
Using scientific notation, the number 0. 00125 is written as:
1.25 • 10ˉ³
A skateboarder with a mass of 50.0 kg is riding on a half-pipe as shown in the diagram above. He has a speed of 5.00 m/s at the bottom. What vertical distance will the skateboarder climb to assuming no energy is lost to friction?
1.28 m
The conversion factor for changing one unit of length to another in the metric system is a multiple of:
10
Approximately how high did a worker lift a bag of sand weighing 400 N if he used 4,000 J of energy? Assume no energy is used to overcome friction.
10 meters
A simple machine has an input force of 10.0 N and an output force of 100.0 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the simple machine?
10.0
How much power is necessary to do 50.0 Joules of work in 5.00 seconds?
10.0 W
A 7.0 kg block sliding on a frictionless surface is moving with an initial velocity of 8.0 m/s. An impulse is applied to the block as shown on the graph. What is the block's speed at time t = 6 s?
10.3 m/s
How many centimeters are in 1 meter?
100
The diagram above shows points A, B, and C at or near the Earth's surface. As a mass is moved from A to B, 100 joules of work are done against gravity. What is the amount of work done against gravity as an identical mass is moved from A to C?
100 J
How many meters are in 1 kilometer?
1000
You are riding in a boat that is traveling 15.0 m/s in still water. You move from the bow (front of the boat) to the stern (the back of the boat) at 3.0 m/s. What is your speed relative to the water?
12.0 m/s
Using scientific notation, the ratio 3.2/1,280 is written as:
2.5 • 10ˉ³
Convert 254 centimeters into meters.
2.54 meters
What is the length of the object pictured next to the metric ruler
2.60 centimeters
If the average speed of a drag racing car is 0.069 kilometers per second, how long would it take the car to complete a 1/4 km (0.25 km) straight track?
3.6 seconds
If we were to write 365 kg in scientific notation, it would look like
3.65 x 102 kg
Three students mass an item using three different scales. The first student reports a mass of 20.03 grams.The second student reports a mass of 20.0 grams. The last student reports a massof 0.02303 kg. How many significant digits should be reported for each of the measurements?
4 , 3 and 4
You are standing on a bathroom scale (which happens to read in Newtons) in an elevator. While at rest the scale says you weigh 491 Newtons. How much would the bathroom scale read when the elevator is accelerating upwards at 1.5 m/s²?
566 N
The difference in momentum between a 53.0 kg athlete running 3.58 m/s and a 880.0 kg car traveling 1.03 m/s is closest to:
720 kgm/s
Mary is standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator. The scale reads 500 N. The elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration of 5.0 m/s². What would the scale read now?
750 N
A skydiver leaps from an airplane. After 4 seconds, the skydiver has a velocity of 36 m/s. Which of the following is the average acceleration of the skydiver?
9 m/s²
A golf ball is hit at an angle of 45o above the horizontal. What is the acceleration of the golf ball at the highest point in its trajectory? [ignore air resistance]
9.80 m/s² downwards
A student obtains data on the magnitude of force applied to an object as a function of time and displays the data on the graph above. The slope of the "best fit" straight line is most nearly
5 N/s
The diagram above shows the velocities of two cyclists. From the frame of reference of cyclist 2, what is the speed of cyclist 1?
5 m/s west
A woman driving a 2,000 kg car at 15 m/s fully applies the brakes 50 m from a stoplight. If the car comes to a stop in 6 seconds, what is the magnitude of the average force applied by the brakes?
5,000 N
A 6.0 kg ball of clay traveling at 10.0 m/s collides with a 10.0 kg ball of clay traveling in the same direction at 2.0 m/s. What is their combined speed if the two balls stick together when they touch?
5.0 m/s
A net force of 20.0 N causes an object to experience an acceleration of 4.00 m/s². What is the mass of the object?
5.00 kg
If scientific notation were used to represent the number 5,280, it would be written:
5.28 • 10³
The density of an object has the equation D = m/V. If an object has a mass of 20.0 g and a volume of 3.50 cm³, what is its density?
5.71 g/cm³
Which of the pulleys above has the largest mechanical advantage?
C has the largest mechanical advantage
What would a physicist do to determine how tires affect the motion of a car?
Conduct an experiment to test the grip of different tires
An astronaut standing on a platform on the Moon drops a hammer. If the hammer falls down -6.00 meters in 2.70 seconds, what is its acceleration?
Correct answer: -1.65 m/s²
A 2 kg body of mass is moving on a horizontal frictionless surface with a velocity of 4 m/s. What is the net force required to keep the body moving with the same velocity and direction for 5 s?
Correct answer: 0 N
A force of 25 N east and a force of 25 N west act concurrently on a 5.0 kg cart. What is the acceleration of the cart?
Correct answer: 0 m/s²
In the graph above, at what time interval is the car not moving?
Correct answer: 0.0 s
A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its path its instantaneous speed is
Correct answer: 0.00 m/s
Whatis the slope of the line plotted above?
Correct answer: 0.5
Which of the following is not a scalar quantity?
Correct answer: 150 km Southeast
A tow truck pulls a 2,000 kilogram car with a net force of 4,000 Newtons. What is the acceleration of the car?
Correct answer: 2 m/s²
In the graph above, at what time interval is the acceleration of the car = 0.0 m/s2
Correct answer: 2.0 - 3.0 s
The diagram above represents forces acting on a block that accelerates 6.0 m/s² on a frictionless surface. What is the mass of the block?
Correct answer: 2.0 kg
A bird flies 2.0 km to the south, then 0.2 km to the north. What is the distance flown by the bird?
Correct answer: 2.2 km
A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then falls back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always
Correct answer: directed downward
As a car is driven south in a straight line with decreasing speed, the force causing this acceleration on the car must be...
Correct answer: directed northward
What does the area bound by this velocity curve and time axis represent?
Correct answer: displacement
What does the shaded area in the graph below represent?
Correct answer: displacement
Which of the following is a vector quantity?
Correct answer: displacement
A man is pushing a baby stroller. Compared to the magnitude of the force exerted on the stroller by the man, the force exerted by the stroller on the man is...
Correct answer: equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
A rope horizontally pulls a massive object lying on a surface with friction with a constant velocity. What describes the force on the rope?
Correct answer: equal to the frictional force
Which of the following is NOT one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?
Correct answer: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
When a basketball player jumps to make a shot, once the feet are off the floor, the jumper's acceleration
Correct answer: is always -9.81 m/s²
When the forces on an object are balanced, we say that the object
Correct answer: is in equilibrium
What happens to the time an object travels if its speed increases and the distance remains the same?
Correct answer: it decreases
According to the graph above, what is happening to this car during the time interval t = 10.0 to t = 20.0 seconds?
Correct answer: the car is moving at constant velocity
Two trucks leave at different times (from the same place) headed for the same city.Both trucks arrive at the same time.Based on this information what is true?
Correct answer: the truck that left later was traveling faster
moving at constant velocity constant negative acceleration accelerating from rest braking to a complete stop
Correct match:line b Correct match:line c line a Correct match:line d
The diagram above represents the relationship between velocity and time of travel for four cars, A, B, C, and D, in straight-line motion. Which car has the greatest acceleration during the time interval 10.0 seconds to 15.0 seconds?
D the one with the steepest slope
Which of these questions about skateboarding can be answered using measurements?
How much force is needed to break a skateboard?
Which of the following energy sources is renewable?
Hydroelectric
Which term best describes a question that can be tested?
Hypothesis
A small insect collides and sticks to the windshield of a large car in a head on collision. The magnitudes of the I. Average force of impact on the car and the insect are the same II. Impulses on the car and the insect are the sameIII. Changes in speed of the car and insect are the sameIV. Changes in momentum of the car and the insect are the same
I, II and IV only
Which car in the data table above has the greatest momentum?
III
The chart above represents the work output and the time to do the work for four machines. Which machine in the table above is the most efficient?
IV
Which graph shows a positive acceleration?
IV
A football player runs to the north at a speed of 8 m/s. He catches a ball and keeps running with the ball. What type of collision was this?
Inelastic (but not perfectly inelastic).
Which of the following terms has a meaning closest to that of mass?
Inertia
A billiard ball collides with a stationary identical billiard ball in an elastic head-on collision. After the collision, which is true of the first ball?
It comes to rest
A 1300 kg car with 370 kg of passengers and cargo is moving at 72 m/s. Suddenly, the driver applies the brakes and the car skids to a stop. What happens to the momentum that the car (and its contents) had before braking?
It is transferred to the pavement (and the Earth).
An object has a mass, m, and velocity, v. Which change would make its momentum become one-fourth as much?
Its mass becomes ½m and its velocity becomes ½v.
Two friends stand on rollerskates, facing each other within arm's reach. Jim pushes gently on his friend Tony's upraised palms. What happens?
Jim and Tony roll in opposite directions.
Which free-body diagram best represents a cart slowing down as it travels to the right on a horizontal surface?
Left side longer with (F1 on the left side, F on the right side)
Which of the levers shown above has the largest mechanical advantage?
Lever A
While traveling from Point A to Point D, the roller coaster car above...
Lost some of its energy to heat, air resistance and track vibrations.
Which of the following equipment is the best choice for investigating elastic or nearly elastic collisions?
Marble launcher that causes two marbles to collide with each other.
Which of the following is typically considered the 'language of science'?
Mathematics.
What does a physicist study?
Matter and energy
The relationship among mass, force, and acceleration is explained by
Newton's 2nd Law
Which of the following statements about the energy of a pendulum is true?
None of the above are true
What is a variable?
Something that can change during an experiment
The steps taken in scientific studies often follow similar patterns. Which answer correctly describes the order in which the steps should be performed?
State a hypothesis, then design an experiment to test it.
A ball is thrown and follows the parabolic path shown above. Air friction is negligible. Point Q is the highest point on the path. Points P and R are the same height above the ground. Which of the following correctly describes the energy of the ball at point Q?
The ball has its maximum potential energy and minimum kinetic energy at point Q
A 0.15 kilogram baseball and a 7.25 kilogram bowling ball are both rolling along at 3 m/sec. Which object is easier to stop and why?
The baseball because it has less inertia
A scientist gives three trees of the same size and species different amounts of water all summer. He measures how fast the trees grow. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
The amount of water
A scientist uses different types of gasoline in the engines of three identical cars. She measures how far the cars go before running out of gas. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
The distance the cars go
Which of the following is a correct statement?
The mass of an object is independent of the force of gravity acting on an object
In the figure above, student A has a mass of 75 kg and student B has a mass of 57 kg. They sit in identical office chairs facing each other. Student A places his bare feet on the knees of student B, as shown. Student A then suddenly pushes outward with his feet, causing both chairs to move.
The momentum of student A is the same as that of student B
A student standing motionless on roller skates throws a basketball forward. How does the momentum of the student on skates compare to the momentum of the basketball?
The momentum of the student is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the momentum of the basketball
Given the free body diagram above, which of the following statements is true?
The net force in along the x-axis is 250 N The net force in along the y-axis is 125 N
A ball falls from a height h from a tower. Which of the following statements is true?
The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the ball is a constant
A ball falls from a height h from a tower. Which of the following statements is true?
The sum of the mechanical kinetic and gravitational potential energies of the ball is a constant
News outlets talk about the "energy crisis" and the "energy shortage". What are they talking about?
The supply of forms of energy which are cheap and relatively easy to use is decreasing here on earth
A book rests on a table. The force of gravity pulls down on the book with a force of 20 Newtons. What prevents the book from accelerating downward at 9.81 m/sec²?
The table presses back up on the book with an equal and opposite force of 20 Newtons
Suppose you are in a car that is going around a curve. The speedometer reads a constant 30 kilometers per hour. Which of the following is NOT true?
Your velocity is constant.
Which body is in equilibrium (the sum of the forces acting on it is zero)?
a block sliding at constant velocity across a horizontal tabletop
Which situation describes a system with decreasing gravitational potential energy?
a boy jumping down from a tree
A force that acts on an object by touching it is called
a contact force
Newton's third law of motion involves
a force pair acting on two different objects
Which object has the greatest inertia?
a seated high school student
A graph may be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
a tool to be interpreted ONLY by trained scientists and mathematicians
You are running east at 8.00 km/hr. This statement would be an example of
a velocity vector
You are going south at 0.500 km/hr/s. This statement is an example of
an acceleration vector
The scientific method is a process used to solve many problems. One of the first steps is:
asking a question
An object is dropped from rest and falls freely 20 meters to Earth. When is the speed of the object 9.8 meters per second?
at 1 second
A student stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator. The scale would read zero when the elevator
is in free-fall after the cable breaks
Two objects are dropped from rest in the absence of air friction. The second object is released onesecond after the first object is released. Consequently the distance separating them as they fall
increases
Two objects are dropped from rest in the absence of air friction. The second object is released onesecond after the first object is released. Consequently the distance separating them as they fall
increases (not 100% sure)
Robin measures the force needed to pull a wagon up an incline as more weight is added. In this investigation, weight is the____ variable.
independent
Which variable is usually plotted on the x-axis?
independent
Of the following examples, the one that represents work as defined by a scientist is:
lifting a book from your desk.
5 N of force is being applied to an object for 10 seconds, but the object does not move. How much work is being done?
no work is being done, 0 J
If a bicycle is moving at constant speed, we can say with certainty that
none of the above statements are correct
A large moving ball collides with a small stationary ball. The momentum
of the large ball decreases, and the momentum of the small ball increases
The diagram above represents two satellites of equal mass, A and B, in circular orbits around a planet. Compared to the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite A and the planet, the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite B and the planet is
one-fourth as great
Friction
opposes the relative motion between the two surfaces in contact.
You are driving down the highway with your cruise control on (moving at a constant speed). Which of the following distance vs. time graph best matches this situation?
positive 1 slope on distance time graph
When you stretch a rubber band and then shoot it, the ________ from when it stretched changes to kinetic energy.
potential energy
What does the slope of the graph above represent?
power
The graph above represents the motion of an object. According to the graph, as time increases, the velocity of the object
remains the same
A force is applied to stop a moving shopping cart. Increasing the distance over which the work is done:
requires a smaller force
The inertia of a body tends to cause the body to
resist any change in its motion
The unit of time used most commonly by physicists and other scientists is the:
second
The majority of the energy you use everyday can be traced back to what original source?
Nuclear energy in hydrogen atoms released by fusion reactions in the sun
What are data?
Pieces of information recorded in an experiment
After stating a hypothesis, what is the next step that a physicist is most likely to take in answering a question?
Planning and performing an experiment to answer the question
A ball is released from the top of an inclined plane as shown below. Ignoring friction, where will the gravitational potential energy (U) and kinetic energy (K) of the ball be at a maximum?
Potential energy at J, Kinetic energy at M
"The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass." This is Newton's
Second Law
Orlando measures the brightness of a flashlight bulb as he adds more batteries to the circuit. If he prepares a graph of the data:
the number of batteries should be represented on the x-axis.
As a car is slowed, most of its mechanical kinetic energy is converted by the brakes to:
thermal energy
In Newton's third law, the "reaction" force does not cancel the "action" force because
they act on different bodies.
Suppose a girl is standing on a pond where there is no friction between her feet and the ice. In order to get off the ice, she can
throw something in the direction opposite to the way she wants to go
As the car above goes around the curve, the centripetal force is directed
towards the center of the circular curve.
Calculate the work needed to lift a block weighing 4.00 N a distance of 10.0 meters.
40.0 J
A spring-loaded ballistic cart measuring 190 g is in contact with a second 530 g cart. The carts are initially at rest on a level surface. The spring is released and the lighter cart is observed to move at +0.69 m/s afterward. What is the velocity of the other cart?
-0.25 m/s
According to the graph above, what will be the velocity of the car be at t = 5.0 seconds?
-10.0 m/s
A car is moving with a speed of 65.0 km/hr when a squirrel runs into the road in front of your car. The driver then hits the brakes and reduces the speed of the car to 25.0 km/hr over a time period of 2.00 seconds. What is the average rate at which the speed of the car decreases during this time period? 20.0 km/hr/s
-20.0 km/hr/s
A 60.0 kg student would weigh -1560 N on the surface of Planet X. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Planet X?
-26.0 m/s²
Ball A has a mass of 4.0 kg. Ball B has twice the mass of ball A. The two balls collide and stick together in a perfectly inelastic collision. After the collision the combined balls are at rest. If the velocity of ball A before the collision was 8.2 m/s, what was the velocity of ball B before the collision?
-4.1 m/s
How much would a 60.0 kg student weigh on Earth in Newtons?
-589 N
What is the weight of a textbook that has a mass of 6.0 kg?
-59 N
This table gives the position of a car as a function of time. What is the average velocity during the interval 2 s to 3 s?
0 m/s
Which number is the same as 3.11 • 10-4?
0.000311
Which number is the same as 2.5 • 10-3?
0.0025
Convert 82.5 millimeters into meters.
0.0825 meters
Which number is the same as 8.7 • 10-2?
0.087
During batting practice, a 0.30 kg baseball is hit with a bat that exerts a force of 350 N on the ball. The ball left the bat at 80.0 m/s. If the incoming pitch was traveling at 60.0 m/s, how long did the ball stay in contact with the bat?
0.12 s Δp = m • (v - v0) = J = F • t t = m • (v - v0) / F t = 0.30 kg[80.0 m/s - (-60.0 m/s)] / (350 N) t = (0.30 kg • 140.0 m/s) / (350 N) t = 0.12 s
The acceleration of the cart shown above is represented in the given graph. If a second block is added to the cart, what might be the resulting acceleration?
0.27 m/s²
A train car with a mass of 3.00•104 kg traveling north at 1.5 m/s collides and couples with a 3.20•104 kg train car going south at 0.80 m/s. What is the velocity of the coupled cars after the collision?
0.31 m/s north
An athlete running 2.6 m/s increases his velocity to 3.7 m/s in 2.7 s. What is the acceleration of the runner?
0.41 m/s²
An air bag applies a force of 4900 N to bring about a change in momentum of 2060 kgm/s. How much time did it act over?
0.42 s
A 3.00 kilogram mass is attached to a spring (k = 30.0 N/m) . The mass is pulled 0.200 meters from the spring's equilibrium position. How much spring potential energy is being stored by the mass-spring system?
0.600 J
What is the hang time of a person who can jump a vertical distance of 0.600 m?
0.698 s
A motionless 120 kg astronaut is holding a 14 kg tool while on a spacewalk. To get moving, the astronaut throws the tool forward at a speed of 6.6 m/s. How fast does the astronaut move backward?
0.77 m/s
The data table above shows the distribution of the energies of a pendulum 0.60 s into its motion. What is the missing value?
0.864 J
The density of an object has the equation D = m/V. If an object has a mass of 85 g and a volume of 92 cm³, what is its density?
0.92 g/cm³
A car has a mass of 1100 kg. By pushing on the car, Evan increases its speed from 2.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s. What impulse did Evan apply to the car?
1,100 Ns
As shown in the diagram above, a student exerts an average force of 600 Newtons on a rope to lift a 50 kg crate a vertical distance of 3.0 meters. Approximately how much work does the student do?
1,800 J
If car I in the data table above were to collide head-on with car IV and the two cars locked together into a single moving pile, what would their combined momentum be?
1.0 kgm/s west
The graph represents the position of a cart as a function of time. What is the velocity at 6 seconds?
1.0 m/s
A lab cart is loaded with different masses and moved at various velocities. Which diagram shows the cart-mass system with the greatest inertia?
1.0 m/s 4 kg
In the graph above, what is the acceleration of the car during 0.0 - 2.0 seconds?
1.0 m/s²
What is the volume of a rectangular strip of wood that measures 10.0 cm x 100.0 cm x 1.0 cm to the correct number of significant figures?
1.0 • 10³ cm³
A student walks 160 m in 150 s. The student stops for 30 s and then walks 210 m farther in 140 s. What is the average speed of the entire walk?
1.2 m/s
A fire truck drives 3.0 miles to the east, then 1.2 miles to the west. What is the displacement of the fire truck?
1.8 miles east
You use a metric ruler three times to measure the diameter of a ball in lab. Which of the following three sets of data are the most accurate if the actual diameter of the ball is 1.90 cm?
1.95 cm, 1.90 cm, 1.90 cm
A block sliding on a frictionless surface is moving with a velocity of 9.0 m/s. The mass of the block is 8.0 kg. An impulse is applied on the block as shown on the graph. What is the block's speed at time t = 6 s?
11 m/s
A car travels North a distance of 120 kilometers during a time period of 3.0 hours. What is the average speed of the car in meters per second during this time interval?
11 m/s
One kilogram of mass has a weight of about 2.2pounds. The weight of a 50.0 kilogram Rottweiler expressed in pounds is:
110
When a 12 Newton horizontal force is applied to a box on a tabletop, the box remains at rest. The force of static friction acting on the box is
12 N
A 5.0-newton force and a 7.0-newton force act concurrently on an object (as shown in the first diagram). As the angle between the forces changes from 0 to 180, the net force changes from
12 newtons to -2 newtons
A runner runs a 5 kilometer race in 3 hours and 25 minutes. For how many seconds was she running?
12,300 seconds
Which of the following is equal to an object's acceleration?
The slope of that object's velocity-time graph
A 730 N person pulls a rope tied to a tree. If the person pulls the rope with a force of 120 N, what is the magnitude of the reaction force on the rope?
120 N
Pushing a book across a table demonstrates
120 N
A 1,200 kilogram car traveling at 10.0 meters per second hits a tree and is brought to rest in 0.100 seconds. What is the magnitude of the average force acting on the car to bring it to rest?
120,000 N
How many milliliters will it take to fill a 2.00 L bottle that already contains 1.87 L of water?
130. ml
Assuming that the rollercoaster car has a mass of 500 kg, then the Gravitational Potential Energy at the top of the first hill is closest to
147,000 J
As shown in the diagram above, a 0.50 meter long spring is stretched from its equilibrium position to a length of 1.00 meter by a weight. If the spring constant for this particular spring is 120 N/m, how much energy has been stored in the spring?
15 J
An airplane went from 120 m/s to 180 m/s in 4.0 seconds. What was its acceleration?
15 m/s²
Convert 154 kilometers to dekameters.
15,400 dekamters
A 3.00 kg object is accelerated by a net force at a rate of 5.00 m/s². What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the object?
15.0 N
A block whose weight is 50.0 N rests upon a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.600, while the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.400. If you push horizontally on the block with a force of 15.0 N, the frictional force between the block and the surface will be... [Hint: Remember Newton's Third Law]
15.0 N
A car starts from rest and uniformly accelerates to a final speed of 20.0 meters/second in a time of 15.0 seconds. How far does the car travel during this time?
150. meters
Which object in the data table above has the greatest inertia?
16.0 KG, 1.5 m/s (maybe)
A crate falls from an airplane flying horizontally at an altitude of 1250 m. Neglecting air drag, how long will the crate take to strike the ground?
16.0 s
A satellite is moving in space with a linear velocity of 230.0 m/s. The mass of the satellite is 290 kg. The satellite fires its rockets, creating the impulses shown on the graph. The forces are applied along the direction of motion. What is the satellite's velocity at time t = 7.0 s?
175 m/s
A pulley is used to lift a box that weighs 90.0 N. How much force do you need to pull on the rope if the pulley has a mechanical advantage of 5.00?
18.0 N
How much energy is used to run a 60.0 Watt light bulb for 3.00 seconds?
180. J
A 1800 kg car with the brakes applied comes to a stop in 5.20 s. During these 5.20 s the force of friction slowing down the car is 3500.0 N. What is the change in momentum of the car?
18200 kgm/s
A student eats a candy bar that contains 1,570,000 J of energy. If the student has a mass of 81.8 kg, how high will he have to climb a ladder to completely burn off the energy gained by eating the candy bar?
1960 m U = m • g • hh = U / m • gh = (1,570,000 J) / (81.8 kg • 9.80 m/s2)h = 1960 m
A net force of 10 Newtons accelerates an object at 5.0 meters per second². What net force would be required to accelerate the same object at 1.0 meter per second²?
2 Newtons
The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over his head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did he do in raising the barbell?
2,000 J
An apple has 10.0 J of gravitational potential energy when hanging from a branch in a tree. When the apple drops, at 1.0 m above the ground it has 8.0 J of mechanical kinetic energy due to the speed at which it is falling. How much gravitational potential energy would it have at this point (neglecting any loss due to air resistance)?
2.0 J
A runner completes the first 3.0 km of a 10.0 km marathon in 22.0 minutes. What must his average speed (in meters / second) for the remaining length of the marathon be if he wishes to complete the race in one hour and 20.0 minutes?
2.0 meters / second
A 2.00 kg object weighs 19.6 Newtons on Earth. If the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.71 m/s², what is the object's mass on Mars?
2.00 kg
In the graph above, what is the average speed of the object from 0.00 to 5.00 seconds?
2.00 m/s
A rowboat has a momentum of 240 kgm/s. If the rowboat has a mass of 115 kg, what is its speed?
2.1 m/s
A bird flies 2.0 km to the south, then 0.2 km to the north. What is the distance flown by the bird?
2.2 km
The speed of a wagon increases from 2.5 meters per second to 9.0 meters per second in 3.0 seconds as it accelerates uniformly down a hill. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the wagon during this 3.0-second interval?
2.2 m/s²
The weight of a BMW Z-3 1.9 roadster is approximately 2,350 pounds. The weight expressed in scientific notation is:
2.35 • 10³ pounds
What vertical distance can a person with a 0.700 s hang time jump?
2.40 m
A 75 kg object traveling 15 m/s collides with and sticks to a 315 kg object initially at rest. What is the final velocity of the two objects?
2.88 m/s m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v' v' = m1v1 / (m1 + m2) v' = (75 kg • 15 m/s) / (75 kg + 315 kg) v' = (75 kg • 15 m/s) / (390. kg) v' = 2.88 m/s
A student pulls a 60 Newton sled with a force of 20 Newtons. What is the magnitude of the force that the sled exerts on the student?
20 Newtons
The length of a new pencil is closest to:
20 centimeters
A 0.05 kg bullet is fired from a 4.0 kg rifle that is initially at rest. If the bullet leaves the rifle with a momentum having a magnitude of 20 kgm/s, the rifle will recoil with a momentum of having a magnitude of
20 kgm/s
The graph shows the acceleration of a car over time. If the car starts from rest, what is the velocity of the car after 5 seconds?
20 m/s
The graph represents the motion of a car moving linearly. When is the car moving backwards?
20 s to 40 s
According to the graph above, during which time period does the car experience the greatest change in velocity?
20.0 - 30.0 seconds
The number of mushrooms needed by a pizza restaurant is given by the equation m = 3p. In this equation, p is the number of pizzas the restaurant will make. How many mushrooms are needed to make 8 pizzas?
24
In the acceleration vs.time graph above, if the object's initial velocity is 0.0 m/s, what is thevelocity of an object at t = 6.0 s?
24 m/s
A dog runs 30 meters to the north, then 5 meters to the south. What is the displacement of the dog?
25 meters north
Use the graph above to predict the speed of the car after one minute
250 cm/sec
A dog pushes against the front door for 3.00 seconds with a force of 88.0 N. What impulse has the dog applied to the door?
264 Ns
The thickness of a physics textbook is measured and recorded as 0.0380 m. The number of significant figures in this measurement is ...
3
A 1,000 kg cannon fires a 10 kg projectile horizontally at a velocity of 300 m/s. What is the magnitude of the recoil velocity of the cannon?
3 m/s
If an automobile travels at 30 m/s for 2 minutes, the car has traveled:
3,600 meters
How many seconds are in a stopwatch showing 1 hour, 3 minutes, and 5 seconds?
3,785 seconds
Starting from rest, a car undergoes a constant acceleration of 6.00 m/s2. How far will the car travel in the first 1.00 s?
3.00 m
A 60.0 kg student on ice skates stands at rest on a frictionless frozen pond holding a 10.0 kg brick. He throws the brick east with a momentum of 180.0 kgm/s. What is the resulting velocity of the student?
3.00 m/s west
A toy cart with a mass of 1.20 kg moves at a speed of 2.40 m/s. How much mechanical kinetic energy does it have?
3.46 J
A dogsled team has a total momentum of 1710 kgm/s. If the team has a total mass of 450 kg, what is its speed?
3.8 m/s
Which of the following is a vector quantity?
30 mph northwest
You push with 45.0 N to the right on an object which is experiencing a frictional force of 15.0 N in the opposite direction. What would be the magnitude and direction of the resultant net force on the object?
30.0 N to the right
If a bicycle travels 15.0 km in 30.0 minutes. What would its speed be in km/hr?
30.0 km/hr
What is the speed of a jet plane that travels 3,000 meters in 10 seconds?
300 m/sec
What impulse must be applied to a 25.0 kg cart to cause a velocity change of 12.0 m/s?
300. Ns
The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over his head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much power did the weight lifter generate in raising the barbell?
380 W
How much gravitational potential energy does a 20.0 kg paint can have sitting on a shelf 2.00 meters high?
392 J
If car II in the data table above were to collide head-on with car III and the two cars locked together into a single moving pile, what would their combined momentum be?
4.0 kgm/s east
In the graph above, what is the final displacement of the object?
4.00 m
According to the graph above, what is the car's acceleration between t = 20.0 seconds and t = 30.0 seconds?
4.00 m/s²
A student pushes a 35 kg block on a frictionless, horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 18 N. If the block is initially at rest, what is the speed of the block after the student pushes the block 20.1 m?
4.5 m/s
n one-half hour, a bicyclist traveled 20 kilometers. What was the bicyclist's average speed?
40 km/hr
A skydiver whose mass is 60.0 kg is accelerating downward toward the Earth at 2.50 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the air resistance force acting upward on the skydiver?
438 N
A race car starting from rest accelerates uniformly at a rate of 4.90 m/s2. What is the car's speed after it has travelled 200.0 meters?
44.3 m/s
The average speed of a cart during a 15 second interval is 3.0 m/s. What is the total distance traveled by the cart?
45
A rectangular solid has dimensions of 27.0 millimeters × 6.80 centimeters × 0.000250 kilometers. The volume of the solid in cubic centimeters is ____.
459 cm³
A moving object with a mass of 10.0 kg has linear momentum of magnitude 31 kg m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the object?
48 J
A car travels a total distance of 100 km. The speed is 30km/hr for one part of the trip, and 60 km/hr for the remainder of the trip. If it takes 2.00 hours to make the entire trip, the average speed is
50 km/hr
A model rocket with an initial mass of 3.0 kg is launched horizontally by burning and expelling 760 g of fuel with a velocity of 150 m/s. What is the velocity of the rocket after the fuel is expelled? (Assume the propellant is expelled instantaneously.)
51 m/s
The number of slices of sausage pizza needed by a restaurant is given by the equation n = 21p. In this equation, p is the number of pizzas the restaurant will make. How many sausage pizzas are needed to make 1155 slices?
55
A 0.149 kg baseball, initially moving at 15 m/s is brought to rest in 0.04 seconds by a baseball glove on a catcher's hand. The magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball by the glove is
56 N
The number of slices of pepperoni needed by a pizza restaurant is given by the equation n = 14p. In this equation, p is the number of pizzas the restaurant will make. How many slices of pepperoni can be made from 40 pizzas?
560
The number of significant figures in 0.00230300 meters is ...
6
A crane lifts a load of steel 250.0 meters into the air. The steel has a mass of 2,500.0 kg. How much energy is used by the crane?
6,130,000 J
What is the momentum of a cat of mass 4.0 kg that is running south with a speed of 1.5 m/s?
6.0 kgm/s south
Express 23.1 km/h in m/s.
6.42 m/s
A 13 N horizontal force acts in the same direction as a 6.4 kg block as it slides 2.5 m/s on a frictionless, horizontal surface for 2.1 s. What is the speed of the block after force is applied?
6.8 m/s
A 1000.0 kg car sliding on frictionless ice at 22 m/s hits a stationary 2200.0 kg minivan. The two vehicles are locked together after impact on the ice. What is their speed after impact?
6.9 m/s m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v' v' = (m1v1) / (m1 + m2) v' = (1000.0 kg • 22 m/s) (1000.0 kg + 2200.0 kg) v' = (22000 kgm/s) / (3200.0 kg) v' = 6.9 m/s
What is the momentum of a dog of mass 20 kg that is running east with a speed of 3 m/s?
60 kgm/s east
The number of seconds in one week is
604,800
If you push on a door for 12 seconds with a force of 53 N, how much impulse have you applied to the door?
636 Ns
A 2.0 kilogram body is initially traveling at a velocity of 40 meters per second east. If a constant force of 10 Newtons east is applied to the body for 5.0 seconds, the final speed of the body is
65 m/s
If an engine does 660 J of work in 10.0 seconds, its average power is
66 Watts
A 3500 kg truck moving at 19 m/s collides with a stationary 1000 kg passenger car, and the two stick together. Assuming that they are free to move afterward, what is the momentum of the truck+car object after the collision?
67000 kgm/s
A bowling ball has a mass of 4.3 kg and is traveling with a velocity of 16 m/s down the lane. How much momentum does it have?
69 kgm/s
A diver with a mass of 80.0 kg dives off a platform. His velocity just before striking the water is 14.0 m/s. What is his kinetic energy at that moment?
7,840 J
A force of 26.0 N is used to overcome a frictional force of 5.00 N and accelerate a 3.00 kg mass across a floor. What is the acceleration of the mass?
7.00 m/s²
A bowler lifts her bowling ball a distance of 0.500 meters doing 35.0 Joules of work. What is the approximate mass of the bowling ball used by this bowler?
7.14 kg
A bowler lifts her bowling ball a distance of 0.500 meters doing 35.0 Joules of work. What is the approximate mass of the bowling ball used by this bowler?
7.14 kg W = F • dF = W / dF = (35.0 J) / (0.500 m)F = 70.0 N F = m • gm = F / gm = (70.0 N) / (9.80 m/s2)m = 7.14 kg
A 0.0062 kg insect is flying horizontally with a momentum of 0.048 kgm/s. What is its velocity relative to the ground?
7.7 m/s
A crane lifts a load of steel 250.0 meters into the air. The steel has a mass of 2,500.0 kg. If the crane performed this feat in 85 seconds, how much power does the crane use?
72,000 W
During the first 10 seconds of a rocket launch, the momentum of the rocket increased by 8000 kgm/s. What was the impulse applied to the rocket during this time?
8,000 Ns
A 1.0 kg model rocket's engine is designed to deliver an impulse of 6.0 Newton-seconds. If the rocket engine burns for 0.75 seconds, what average force does it produce?
8.0 N
A stone of mass 1.0 kg and weight of 9.8 N falls through the air. The air resistance acting on the stone is 1.8 N. What is the acceleration of the stone?
8.0 m/s²
An electric food processor uses 250.0 Joules of electrical energy. Due to friction and other causes, the energy available to spin the blades to cut food is reduced to 200.0 Joules. The efficiency of the food processor is:
80.00 %
The bar graph above shows the number of tickets sold for each of the seating sections in a baseball stadium. Based on this graph, how many bleacher seats were sold?
800
Car A is moving to the right with a speed of 16 m/s and car B is moving to the left with a speed of 7.5 m/s. Both cars have a mass of 1000.0 kg. What is the total momentum of the system consisting of cars A and B? (You may define positive direction to be to the right)
8500 kgm/s
The momentum of a car is 13,300 kgm/s. If it has a speed of 14 m/s, what is the mass of the car?
950 kg
A wooden block is at rest on a horizontal steel surface. If a 10. newton force applied parallel to the surface is required to overcome static friction and set the block in motion, how much force is required to keep the block moving at constant velocity?
< 10 N
What is an independent variable?
A variable that is intentionally changed during an experiment
Which of the following situations doesn't have any net work done?
A waiter carrying a tray to a table
Comparing the following students on the table above, which student demonstrated the most precision and accuracy for a measuring 1.000 kg standard mass of iron?
Anne
The displacement-time graph above represents the motion of a cart initially moving forward along a straight line.During which interval is the cart accelerating?
AB
What does Newton's third law describe?
Action-reaction pairs (maybe)
May (67 kg) and Amber (52 kg) stand motionless on ice skates, facing each other at arm's length on a smooth, frozen pond. Which of the following actions will give Amber the least speed?
Amber pushes May with 500.0 N of force for 0.020 s.
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess about the outcome of an experiment
When you notice something that is happening, what are you making?
An observation
A scientist wants to measure the relationship between humidity in the summer and the number of home runs in baseball. Which of the following is a testable question about this topic?
Are there more home runs during the more humid months of the summer?
Aristotle thought that a moving object would stop because its natural state was to be at rest. Newton thought that friction is a force that opposes all motion and eventually stops moving objects. Suppose you were coasting on a level surface on a bicycle and there was NO friction. What would happen to your speed, according to Aristotle and Newton?
Aristotle: slow and stop Newton: maintain speed
A spacewalking astronaut is stranded a few meters from the space station door. His jet pack is broken, but he can take it off and toss it in order to propel himself toward the door. In what direction should be toss it?
Away from the door.
If the sum of all the forces acting on a moving object is zero, the object will
Correct answer: continue moving at a constant velocity
A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. At point R, the spaceship's engine is turned off and the thrust immediately drops to zero. Which of the paths will the spaceship follow beyond point R?
B.
In the diagram above, scaled vectors represent the momentum of each of two masses, A and B, sliding toward each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Which scaled vector best represents the momentum of the system after the masses collide?
B.
A water skier is pulled behind a boat. When the skis push down on the water, what is the reaction force?
Correct answer: The water pushes up on the skis
The displacement-time graph above represents the motion of a cart initially moving forward along a straight line. During which interval is the cart moving forward at constant speed?
BC
A wound spring provides the energy to propel a toy car across a level floor. At time ti ,the car is moving at speed viacross the floor and the spring is unwinding, as shown below. At time tf, the spring has fully unwound and the car has coasted to a stop.
Both elastic potential energy and kinetic energy at ti are converted to thermal energy at tf
How does a physicist answer a scientific question?
By taking measurements during an experiment
Figure 1 above represents a pendulum. Figure 2 represents the motion of the pendulum as a wave. Points Z and W are the highest positions of the swinging mass. Point Y is halfway between points X and Z. Which graph represents the potential energy of the swinging mass at different points?
C.
The bar chart above shows the distribution of the potential, kinetic, and total energies for a pendulum in the position shown. The bar chart below represents the energy of the same pendulum in which of the answers shown?
C.
A car travels from A to B at a constant 100 km/hr. Which of the following changes?
Correct answer: Velocity
A car is rolling down a ramp. If the angle of the ramp is increased to make the ramp steeper, the car will
Correct answer: accelerate faster
On a velocity vs. time graph, the slope of the line represents
Correct answer: acceleration
The graph above represents the speed-time relationship for a 2.0 kilogram mass moving along a horizontal frictionless surface. According to the graph above, during which interval is a negative net force being applied to the object?
CD
A scientist studies the strengths of different types of wood, including oak and maple. Which of the following is a testable question about this topic?
Can oak hold more weight than maple?
You burn a log on a fire. You use the fire to warm yourself and to help you see to read a book. What energy transformation(s) is taking place?
Chemical energy is transformed to light energy and heat energy
You eat a large meal and then hike up a hill. What kind of energy transformation(s) is your body performing?
Chemical energy to kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy
What does Newton's second law describe?
Correct answer: The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration
A cheetah runs with a constant speed of 8 m/s. How far has the cheetah gone after 25 seconds?
Correct answer: 200 m
A cyclist has a constant speed of 12.0 m/s. What is the distance the cyclist has traveled after 18.0 seconds?
Correct answer: 216 m
A car traveling on a straight road at 15.0 m/s accelerates uniformly to a speed of 21.0 meters per second in 12.0 seconds. The total distance traveled by the car in this 12.0 second time interval is
Correct answer: 216 meters
Consider the displacement vs. time graph representing the motion of a bicyclist shown above. What is the average velocity of the bicyclist between 0.0 and 3.0 seconds?
Correct answer: 3.3 m/s
A rocket lifts vertically off the launching pad and reaches a final velocity of 450 m/s in 15 seconds. What is its acceleration?
Correct answer: 30 m/s²
A skateboarder starting from rest accelerates down a ramp at 2.00 m/s2 for 2.00 s. What is the final speed of the skateboarder?
Correct answer: 4.00 m/s
A block of wood, which is 12.0 cm long, is dropped through an infrared sensor designed to measure the time that the sensor is blocked. Assuming that this block of wood blocks the sensor for a time interval of 0.275 seconds, what is the speed of this block as it passes through the sensor?
Correct answer: 43.6 cm/s
A baseball dropped from the roof of a tall building takes 3.10 seconds to hit the ground. How tall is the building? [Ignore air resistance]
Correct answer: 47.1 m
What is the mass of a rock that weighs 49.1 Newtons?
Correct answer: 5.00 kg
The curved section of a horizontal highway is a circular unbanked arc of radius 740 m. If the coefficient of static friction between this roadway and typical tires is 0.40, what would be the maximum safe driving speed for this horizontal curved section of highway?
Correct answer: 54 m/s
A baseball player runs 27.4 meters from the batter's box to first base, overruns first base by 3.0 meters and then returns to first base. Compared to the total distance traveled by the player, the magnitude of the player's total displacement from the batter's box is approximately
Correct answer: 6.0 meters shorter
Car 1 drives 45 km/hr to the west, and car 2 drives 30 km/hr to the east. From the frame of reference of car 1, what is the velocity of car 2?
Correct answer: 75 km/hr east
As a box is sliding down a ramp, a 10 Newton force of gravity is pulling the box down the ramp while a 2 Newton force of friction acts to stop the box. What is the net force accelerating the box down the ramp?
Correct answer: 8 N
The distance between The Colony HS and Texas A&M University is 325 km. With what average speed should you drive your car in order to travel this distance in 3 hours and 45 minutes?
Correct answer: 86.7 km/hr
The graph above represents the speed-time relationship for a 2.0 kilogram mass moving along a horizontal frictionless surface. According to the graph above, during which interval is no net force being applied to the object?
Correct answer: B to C
How can you use a graph to calculate the displacement of an object?
Correct answer: Find the area under the velocity-time graph
"An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced (net) force." This is Newton's
Correct answer: First Law
What does Newton's first law describe?
Correct answer: How inertia affects the motion of an object
The principle of physics which states that the force exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal and opposite to the force of object 2 on object 1 is referred to as
Correct answer: Newton's 3rd Law
Which combination of variables will make an experiment the most reliable?
Correct answer: One dependent variable and one experimental variable
The graph above shows how the speed of a bus changes during part of a journey. Which description best matches section AB?
Correct answer: The bus is traveling at a constant speed
A horizontal force acts on a block sliding on a horizontal surface. The force of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is ½F. If the direction of the applied force, F, is reversed, which is true?
Correct answer: The magnitude of the acceleration of the block remains the same.
A scientist is studying the effects of sunlight on rosebushes. Which of the following is a testable question about this topic?
Does more sunlight make rosebushes grow taller?
A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. Which of the paths best represents the path of the spaceship between points Q and R?
D. (curved upward)
In what part of the experimental process should safety precautions be planned?
Design Experiment
Which of these questions is a scientific question about skateboarding?
How fast does a skateboard move at the bottom of a ramp?
Which diagram best represents the gravitational field lines surrounding Earth?
Earth with all arrows pointing in
A car moves with a constant speed in a clockwise direction around a circular path of radius r, as represented in the diagram above. When the car is in the position shown, its acceleration is directed toward the
East
Two moving billiard balls collide and bounce off one another moving in opposite directions. What type of collision was this?
Elastic or nearly elastic.
Which statement describes the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Which graph best represents the magnitude of the centripetal force of the car above as a function of time?
Force x Distance graph with horizontal slope
Which of the following velocity-time graphs matches the distance-time graph shown above?
HIgher constant line, then at o constant, the above 0 but lwoer constant line
A question is scientific if you can answer it using which of the following?
Observations and measurements
Given the diagram above, which of the following diagrams best illustrates the direction of the restoring force when the spring is stretched.
Stretched spring with F point left
Brett lifts a 300 N crate from the ground to a loading dock 1 meter high. Teresa pushes the same crate to the loading dock up a ramp 3 meters long. Compare the amount of work being done by Brett and Teresa if this was a real situation.
Teresa does more work, because sliding friction is greater than air friction
A potato launcher uses a spring that can apply a force of 20 Newtons to potatoes. A physics student who is studying projectiles launched a 100 gram potato, a 150 gram potato, and a 200 gram potato with the launcher. Which had the greatest acceleration?
The 100 gram potato
Which of the following describes an action-reaction pair?
The Moon's gravity pulls on you, and your gravity pulls on the Moon. (Maybe)
What does the graph above illustrate about the acceleration of the object?
The acceleration is constant
The graph above shows how the speed of a bus changes during part of a journey. Which description best matches section BC?
The bus is slowing down after the traffic light ahead turns red
Based on the setup below, which of the following statements is true? (Assume the car starts at rest and there is no friction.)
The car will never reach the egg
A fan was set on a table next to a stack of cards. The fan was turned on 'High,' blowing some of the cards off the table. Which of these statements is the best example of Newton's First Law of Motion in this situation?
The cards accelerated due to the unbalanced force of the fan
A man pushes a shopping cart at a constant speed. What happens if the man increases the force on the cart?
The cart accelerates
A scientist pours grape juice on three identical white shirts. He then uses three different cleaning products on the shirts and measures how clean they get. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
The cleaning product used
During a storm, a student sees a rock fall from a cliff and smash into another rock below. Which of the following is an application of Newton's Second Law of Motion?
The falling rock hit the rock below with a huge amount of force due to its large mass
A cheetah runs with a positive acceleration. What does this tell you about the velocity-time graph for the cheetah?
The graph has a positive slope
A coin is flipped straight up from the surface of the Earth. Which one of the following statements describes the energy transformation of the coin as it rises? Neglect air resistance.
The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases
A person strikes a ball with a bat. The temperature of the ball increases by 0.06 °C. What accounts for the increase?
The kinetic energy of the moving bat was used to increase the thermal energy of the ball
The force required to start an object sliding across a uniform horizontal surface is larger than the force required to keep the object sliding at a constant velocity. The magnitudes of the required forces are different in these situations because
The kinetic friction force is less than the static friction force.
A steel ball traveling at 6 m/s hits a stationary line of three steel balls of the same mass as the original. Which statement is true if the collision is perfectly elastic?
The original ball stops and a single ball moves to the right at 6 m/s.
The graph above represents the energy of a swinging pendulum. What can you conclude about the pendulum at the instant shown by the graph (just past 2 s)?
The pendulum is at its lowest point
As a pendulum swings from its highest to its lowest position along an arc, what happens to its kinetic energy and potential energy?
The potential energy decreases while the kinetic energy increases
A car drives around a racetrack for 30 seconds. What do you need to know to calculate the average speed of the car?
The total distance the car traveled
The speed-versus-time bar graph for a fan cart experiment is shown above. What could have happened?
The track was frictionless, and the fan was changed from High to Off after 8 seconds.
You slide a hockey puck across a very smooth ice surface. According to Newton, why will the puck eventually slow down?
There are forces acting on the puck
"For every action force, there is a reaction force equal in strength and opposite in direction." This is Newton's
Third Law
A sphere of mass 9.0 kg is moving at 8.0 m/s to the right until it smacks into a second stationary sphere of mass 5.0 kg. After the collision, both spheres travel to the right: the first sphere at 2.4 m/s, and the second sphere at 10.2 m/s. What kind of collision took place?
This is an elastic or nearly elastic collision.
One sphere of mass 2.0 kg is moving at 5.0 m/s to the right until it collides with a stationary, 1.0 kg sphere. After the collision, both spheres travel to the right: the 2.0 kg sphere at 1.0 m/s, and the 1.0 kg sphere at 2.0 m/s. What kind of collision took place?
This is an inelastic (but not perfectly inelastic) collision.
Suppose a girl is standing on a pond where there is no friction between her feet and the ice. In order to get off the ice, she can
Throw something in the direction opposite to the way she wants to go.
Jim (80.0 kg) and Tony (100.0 kg) stand motionless on ice skates, facing each other at arm's length on a smooth, frozen pond. Which of the following actions will give Tony the greatest speed?
Tony pushes Jim with 200.0 N of force for 0.080 s.
A scientist studies how the temperature of a baseball affects how far it goes when hit by a bat. What will make this experiment more repeatable?
Using the exact same kind of baseball each time
Which of the following is equal to the area under an acceleration-time graph?
Velocity
In the diagram above, a box is on a frictionless horizontal surface with forces F1 and F2 acting as shown. If the magnitude of F1 is greater than the magnitude of F2, then the box is
accelerating in the direction of F1
A man standing on a scale in an elevator notices that the scale reads 30 newtons greater than his normal weight. Which type of movement of the elevator could cause this greater-than-normal reading?
accelerating upwards
Which graph represents the relationship between the gravitational acceleration of a falling body and the mass of the body?
acceleration due to gravity mass graph, should be a horizontal slope (maybe)
A constant unbalanced force is applied to an object for a period of time. Which graph best represents the acceleration of the object as a function of the elapsed time?
acceleration time graph with positive 1 slope
The independent variable on a graph can be described as the variable:
all of the statements above
The unit of length that is close to the width of your finger is the:
centimeter
A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. Beyond position R the speed of the spaceship is
constant
What does Part B of the displacement-time graph represent?
constant velocity (v = 0)
A spaceship drifts sideways in outer space from point P to point Q as shown above. The spaceship is subject to no outside forces. Starting at position Q, the spaceship's engine is turned on and produces a constant thrust (force on the spaceship) at right angles to the line PQ. The constant thrust is maintained until the spaceship reaches a point R in space. As the spaceship moves from point Q to point R its speed is
continuously increasing
As a car is driven south in a straight line with decreasing speed, the acceleration of the car must be
directed northward
Which pair of graphs best represents the same motion of an object?
displacement over time: expontential graph velocity over time: slope of 1 up
Which pair of graphs represent the correct relationship between displacement and the velocity of a moving object?
displacement x time graph = slope of 1 velocity x time graph = Horizontal slope
Which graph best represents the motion of an object in equilibrium?
distance time graph w slope of 1
Which pair of graphs represent the correct relationship between displacement and the velocity of a moving object?
distance time graph: positive 1 slope Velocity time graph: constant slope over 1
In the figure above, student A has a mass of 75 kg and student B has a mass of 57 kg. They sit in identical office chairs facing each other. Student A places his bare feet on the knees of student B, as shown. Student A then suddenly pushes outward with his feet, causing both chairs to move.
each student exerts the same amount of force on the other
The ability to do work is the definition of:
energy and is measured in joules
A carefully designed test done under controlled conditions is called a[n]:
experiment
A constant unbalanced force is applied to an object for a period of time. Which graph best represents the acceleration of the object as a function of the elapsed time?
exponential going up
Earth's path around the sun brings it closer to the sun during some parts of the year and further away at other times. According to Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, Earth's speed is
faster at times when it is closer to the sun.
The mass of an object is determined by:
finding the amount of matter it contains using a triple beam balance
A simple machine often multiplies your:
force
The table shows times required for the same toy car to travel 10 m across an identical section of a floor after it is pushed. The difference in times was probably caused by differences in
force exerted
The formula for work is:
force • change in displacement
Mr. Smith drops two baseballs from the roof of the school. The first baseball falls for 4 seconds, the second baseball falls for 8 seconds.Compared to the first baseball, the second baseball falls
four times as far (maybe)
Which pair of quantities could be used to determine the coefficient of friction (m) for the granite on the concrete?
frictional force (Ff) and and the normal force (FN) on the block.
If an object is acted on by a net external force
it must be accelerating
A ball is thrown at an angle of 38° to the horizontal. What happens to the magnitude of the ball's vertical acceleration during the total time that the ball is in the air?
it remains constant
What does it mean for a light bulb to be rated at 100 Watts?
it uses 100 Joules of energy every second it is left on
Compared to the distance she walks, the magnitude of her displacement from home to school is...
less
Compared to the force needed to start sliding a crate across a rough level floor, the force needed to keep it sliding once it is moving is
less
When measuring how far an object travels in an amount of time, in which SI units would you report the measurements?
m and s
The diagram above represents two masses before and after they collide. Before the collision, mass mA is moving to the right with speed v, and mass mB is at rest. Upon collision, the two masses stick together. Which expression represents the speed, v', of the masses after the collision? [Assume no outside forces are acting on mA or mB.]
mAv / (mA + mB)
System variables can be observed and measured directly in a ____ scale.
macroscopic
All of these are very important parts of studying physics EXCEPT:
memorizing complicated explanations.
Which of these is the SI unit for distance?
meter
Your normal stride as you walk or run would most closely approximate a:
meter
Which of the following lists of mass units are arranged in order from smallest to largest?
microgram, centigram, kilogram, gigagram
Which of the following are in the correct order from smallest to largest?
millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer
Two cars having different weights are traveling on a level surface at different constant velocities. Within the same time interval, greater force will always be required to stop the car that has the greater
momentum
In an inelastic collision, what quantities are conserved?
momentum only.
The slope of a distance vs. time graph is equal to:
speed
Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
speed
As an object falls freely downward in a vacuum, its
speed increases
Which diagram best represents the gravitational forces, Fg, between a satellite, S, and Earth?
sun pointing down, Earth pointing up
Compared to a 1.0 kilogram chunk of iron, a 1.0 kilogram piece of Styrofoam:
takes up more space
The horizontal force exerted on one surface by another when surfaces are in contact and in relative motion to one another is called
the Friction Force
Of the following objects, the one which has the most mass is:
the Goodyear blimp
The efficiency of a machine is dependent on what characteristic of the machine?
the amount of friction present in the machine
The velocity vs. time graph for an elevator is shown. For the time interval 0-4 s
the elevator changed direction
When a car goes around a circular curve on a horizontal road at constant speed, what force causes it to follow the circular path?
the friction force from the road.
Newton's first law of motion is also known as
the law of inertia
Consider a package which is sliding down a loading ramp at constant speed. In this case
the net force on the package is zero which is why it is not accelerating
In which diagram is the acceleration of the object equal to zero?
the one that is in the middle with the cylinder in the middle of the line
A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the absence of air resistance, the speed of the ball when caught would be
the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.
A large truck collides head-on with a small compact car. During the collision
the truck exerts the same amount of force on the car as the car exerts on the truck.
A factor that affects the behavior of a system is called a[n]:
variable
A car is driving around a circular track at a constant speed of 20 m/s.It is changing its:
velocity
Acceleration is defined as the change in
velocity of an object
Which factor, when doubled, would produce the greatest change in the centripetal force acting on the car?
velocity of the car
Which graph best represents the relationship between the velocity of an object thrown straight upward from the Earth's surface and the time that elapses while it is in the air? [Ignore air resistance]
velocity time graph with negative 1 slope crossing x axis
A rock is lifted for a certain time by a force F. The energy gained by the rock during this time is equal to the
work done by the force F
