1.2 The Prokaryotic Cell+ The Eukaryotic Cell
The largest single compartment in most cells is: A. the cytosol. B. the endoplasmic reticulum. C. the Golgi apparatus. D. the mitochondrial matrix. E. the nucleus.
A. the cytosol
Antibiotics tend to target features that are unique to bacterial cells and absent from eukaryotic cells such as our own. Which of the following would present a safe target for new antibiotics? A. The cell wall B. The endoplasmic reticulum C. The intermediate filaments D. The nuclear envelope E. The plasma membrane
A. The cell wall
Which of the following are prokaryotes? A. Archaea and bacteria B. Archaea and protozoans C. Bacteria and fungi D. Monotremes and prototheria E. Viruses and microbes
A. Archaea and bacteria
Which statement is NOT true of chloroplasts? A. Chloroplast are present in essentially all eukaryotic cells and in certain photosynthetic bacteria. B. Chloroplasts are thought to have originated from bacteria. C. Chloroplast contain their own DNA D. Chloroplasts produce food molecules and generate oxygen. E. Each has an internal stack of membranes and is enclosed by two membranes.
A. Chloroplasts are present in essentially all eukaryotic cells and in certain photosynthetic bacteria.
Which of the following organelles is a small, irregularly shaped organelle in which intracellular digestion occurs? A. Lysosome B. Peroxisome C. Ribosome D. The endoplasmic reticulum E. The Golgi apparatus
A. Lysosome
Which statement is NOT true of mitochondria? A. Mitochondria are not present in plant cells B. Mitochondria are thought to have originated from bacteria C. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. D. Mitochondria generate chemical energy for the cell E. Mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane
A. Mitochondria are not present in plant cell
What is the name of the process by which eukaryotic cells engulf material captured from an external medium? A. Cytokinesis B. Endocytosis C. Endomitosis D. Endosymbiosis E. Exocytosis
B. Endocytosis
What role is NOT performed by the cytoskeleton? A. Controlling cell shape and cell movement B. Generating chemical energy for the cell C. Generating contraction in muscle cells D. Pulling duplicated chromosomes to opposite poles in dividing cells E. Transporting organelles and molecules from one place to another in the cytoplasm
B. Generating chemical energy for the cell
Mitochondria are essentially the same in all eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi. From this observation, it can be concluded that mitochondria were most likely acquired: A. by an ancestral eukaryotic cell and then replaced by chloroplasts in the line that led to plant cells. B. by an ancestral eukaryotic cell before the lines that led to animal cells, plant cells, and fungi diverged. C. by an ancestral prokaryote and then lost in the line that led to archaea. D. by an ancestral prokaryotic cell. E. from a free-living, photosynthetic bacterium.
B. by an ancestral eukaryotic cell before the lines that led to animal cells, plant cells, and fungi diverged.Correct!
Antibiotic resistance is a serious medical problem. Genes that confer resistance to antibiotics can be readily transferred from one bacterial species to another, and the cells that acquire these traits are better able to evade the effects of the drugs we rely on to treat these infections. One way to test bacteria for drug resistance is to spread a culture of the cells onto a growth medium in a Petri dish. The bacteria multiply and spread, forming a "lawn". Onto this lawn are placed small discs that contain a specific antibiotic. If the cells are sensitive to an antibiotic, a clear "halo" will form around the disc-an area in which no bacteria have grown. The figure shows two Petri dishes, each containing bacteria isolated from a different patient. The discs contain three different antibiotics. Based on these data, which conclusion is correct? A. One of the drugs that could be used to treat Patient 1 won't work for Patient 2. B. Patient 1 could be treated effectively with antibiotics A or B. C. Patient 2 can be treated effectively with any of the three antibiotics tested. D. Patients 1 and 2 were likely infected by the same individual. E. The bacteria from Patient 2 are resistant to multiple antibiotics.
C.
What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotes lack? A. A cell wall B. A means of generating their own energy C. A nucleus and other internal organelles D. Nucleic acids E. Ribosomes
C. A nucleus and other internal organelles
Which is not evidence for the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similar DNA. D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce by dividing in two. E. Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria.
C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similar DNA.
Which organelle's ancestor was likely engulfed by primitive eukaryotes to help the cell survive in an oxygen-rich atmosphere? A. Chloroplast B. Lysosome C. MitochondrionCorrect! D. Nucleus E. Peroxisome
C. Mitochondrion
The DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is separated from the cytoplasm by the: A. Cell wall B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Nuclear envelope D. Nuceloplasm E. Plasma membrane
C. Nuclear envelope
Which of these is NOT part of the cytoskeleton? A. Actin filaments B. Intermediate filaments C. Microtubules D. Plasma membrane
D. Plasma membrane
Which of the following organelles is an irregular maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a membrane and functions as the site where most cell membrane components, as well as materials destined for export from the cell, are made? A. Lysosome B. Peroxisome C. Ribosome D. The endoplasmic reticulum E. The Golgi apparatus
D. The endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is a stack of flattened membrane-enclosed sacs, functioning in receiving and often chemically modifying the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then directing them to the exterior of the cell or to various locations inside the cell? A. Lysosome B. Peroxisome C. Ribosome D. The endoplasmic reticulum E. The Golgi apparatus
E. The Golgi Apparatus
What mediates the exchange of materials between the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, the lysosomes, and the outside of the cell? A. Diffusion B. Peroxisomes C. The cytosol D. The extracellular matrix E. Transport vesicles
E. Transport vesicles
An organism that can survive life in a hydrothermal vent at the bottom of the ocean can thrive anywhere. True or False
False
Cells are either prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or archaeic. True or False
False
In plant cells, a tough cell wall takes the place of a cytoskeleton. True or False
False
Like the differentiated cells in an individual plant or animal, all bacteria have the same DNA. True or False
False
One thing all cells have in common is an ability to colonize any environment on Earth. True or False
False
The cytoskeleton is one of the few permanent fixtures in the cell. True or False
False
At a molecular level, the members of the two domains of prokaryotes-the archaea and bacteria-differ as much from each other as either does from the eukaryotes. True or False
True