1214 Infants & Toddler Development

Infants discover their hands between ____.

1 1/2 and 3 1/2 months of age

About what portion of time do toddlers spend staring?

1/5

Typically, pretend play is not seen until ____ months of age.

18 - 24

By the age of two, children can follow ____.

2-step directions

The average newborn infant measures ____ inches.

20

By 24 months of age, most children measure ____ inches in height.

32 - 36

The nervous system begins to develop just before the __________________ week of gestation.

3rd

Most infants can roll over from stomach to back at about ____ months of age.

4

The concept of object permanence begins to develop at ____ months of age.

6 - 9

Typically, a child can anticipate certain events by ____ months of age.

9 - 12

Brain size reaches __________% by age 5.

90%

Which of the following pictures would be most worthwhile to include in a picture collection for infants and toddlers?

A puppy.

An infant needs which of the following?

All of the above

Examples of tolerable stress might include:

All of the above

Recommended policies for Quality Child Care include:

All of the above

Responsive care techniques include which of the following:

All of the above

Teachers should help toddlers wash their hands ____.

All of the above

The infant fans his or her toes out when his or her feet are stroked.

Babinski reflex

Which of the following would be the least important information to find out from parents when children are first enrolled in an infant-toddler program?

Clothing size

Rattles and teething rings must be cleaned ____.

Daily

Which of the following is not an attachment behavior?

Eating

A dramatic play area in a classroom for two-year-olds would not be appropriate.

False

A passive infant does something in response to a new person or event.

False

Activity patterns or levels of movement are always similar in infants.

False

An example of toxic stress would be a divorce in the family.

False

Attachment refers to the quality and intensity of emotional reactions.

False

By the end of the third year, organized play with other children emerges.

False

Caregivers working with toddlers should use baby talk so the children will understand what the caregivers say.

False

Crawling is the movement in which infants support their weight on their hands and knees.

False

Curriculum for infants requires more planning than curriculum for toddlers

False

Growth is the slowest during the first two years of life.

False

In the progression of hand movement skills, most children develop the pincer grasp first.

False

Infants begin to show judgment at about 12 months of age.

False

Infants cannot distinguish between parents and strangers' voices until about three months of age.

False

It is not important to coordinate home and center schedules for infants.

False

Stress hormones have little to no effect on the developing brain.

False

Telegraphic speech consists of four-word phrases.

False

The child's understanding of language is called expressive language skills.

False

The first signs of separation anxiety appear at about three months of age.

False

The hindbrain is responsible for abstract thought, logic, and reasoning.

False

The sleeping area for infants must be dark.

False

Two-year-olds develop the skill of dressing before undressing themselves.

False

Two-year-olds understand how to use grammar to form questions.

False

Usually between four to six months of age, infants will begin experiencing stranger anxiety.

False

Nurturing touch promotes ______________________ and _________________________ in babies.

Growth & Alertness

A child from birth to one year of age is called a(n) ____.

Infant

Gives "just one" on request

Math skills

The ____ reflex is sometimes referred to as the "startle reflex."

Moro

Occurs when the baby is startled by a noise or sudden movement.

Moro reflex

After touching the infant's palm, his or her hands will grip tightly.

Palmar grasp reflex

Which of the following should not be included on the daily care record for an infant?

Preferred toys

Two-year-olds can usually ____.

Put on their on socks

An automatic body response to a stimulus.

Reflex

The body's response to stress includes all except:

Release of stored sugar

Infants turn their heads toward anything that brushes their faces.

Rooting reflex

A two-year-old usually is able to ____.

Scribble

When the infant is placed on his or her feet, his or her legs move in a walking motion.

Stepping reflex

As is develops, the quality of brain architecture establishes a ______________________ foundation for learning behavior.

Sturdy or weak

When placing a finger on the lips or mouth, the infant will suck.

Sucking reflex

A two-year-old is usually able to throw a ball without falling.

True

As it develops, the quality of brain architecture establishes a sturdy or weak foundation for learning and behavior.

True

Becoming bored with one toy is a sign of overfamiliarity.

True

Brain circuits consolidate with increasing age, making them more difficult to rewire.

True

By six months of age, children can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces.

True

Differences in infants' temperaments can be observed during the first few days of life.

True

Early attachment behaviors include gurgling, clinging, laughing, and cooing.

True

Expressive language skills usually follow a sequence.

True

Fears are common for two-year-olds.

True

Good finger foods for toddlers include cheese, banana pieces, and chopped cooked eggs.

True

It is important to feed infants on demand rather than on a set schedule.

True

Most small toys are dishwasher safe.

True

Positive stress refers to moderate, short-lived stress responses, such as brief increases in heart rate or mild changes in stress hormone levels.

True

Possessive is a word that describes the average two-year-old.

True

SIDS is the death of a healthy infant due to unexplained causes.

True

Separation anxiety is a sign the child is learning and developing a close relationship with someone.

True

Some toys contain a special plastic that will show up clearly on an X-ray.

True

The average two-year-old child has a vocabulary of approximately 50 to 200 words.

True

There are weight and height differences between boys and girls by two years of age.

True

Touching, smiling, making eye contact, and speaking affectionately are all examples of positive caregiver behavior.

True

Two-year-old's tend to be egocentric, which means they that everyone sees, thinks, and feels as they do.

True

Two-year-olds are beginning to use one hand consistently for most activities.

True

When normal reflexes are not present in infants, it may be a sign of brain or nerve damage.

True

Synapse loss is __________________________________________.

a natural occurrence based on the pruning of seldom used connections

To help prevent SIDS, napping infants should always be placed on their ____.

backs

Gender roles are ____.

behaviors that are expected of girls or boys

Presence of secure attachment protects toddlers from ___________________________.

biochemical effects of stress

Cortisol does all of the following except:

creates adaptations to a threatening environment

The gross-motor skills of a two-year-old include ____.

kicking a large ball

Answers routine questions.

language comprehension

For infants and toddlers, routines make up ____.

more of the day than routines for preschoolers

The most convenient area for feeding infants is ____.

near the entrance to the center

A two-year-old is most likely to play ____.

next to, but not cooperatively with, other children

Healthy early development depends on __________________________________.

nurturing and dependable relationships

High levels of Noradrenalin trigger ________________________________.

over-arousal and tendency towards impulsive, hot-blooded acts of violence

Kicks a large ball.

physical skills

Runs without falling.

physical skills

A social-emotional trait of a child 12 to 24 months of age would be ____.

playing next to, but not with, other children

The two-year-old usually can ____.

point to six body parts on a doll

Is cooperative in dressing.

self help skills

Unsnaps a snap.

self help skills

Uses toilet without assistance.

self help skills

Displays jealousy.

social and emotional skills

Does not like to share toys

social and emotional skills

Likes to give affection to parents.

social and emotional skills

Bottles for infants can be heated ____.

under warm running water