1214 Infants & Toddler Development
Infants discover their hands between ____.
1 1/2 and 3 1/2 months of age
About what portion of time do toddlers spend staring?
1/5
Typically, pretend play is not seen until ____ months of age.
18 - 24
By the age of two, children can follow ____.
2-step directions
The average newborn infant measures ____ inches.
20
By 24 months of age, most children measure ____ inches in height.
32 - 36
The nervous system begins to develop just before the __________________ week of gestation.
3rd
Most infants can roll over from stomach to back at about ____ months of age.
4
The concept of object permanence begins to develop at ____ months of age.
6 - 9
Typically, a child can anticipate certain events by ____ months of age.
9 - 12
Brain size reaches __________% by age 5.
90%
Which of the following pictures would be most worthwhile to include in a picture collection for infants and toddlers?
A puppy.
An infant needs which of the following?
All of the above
Examples of tolerable stress might include:
All of the above
Recommended policies for Quality Child Care include:
All of the above
Responsive care techniques include which of the following:
All of the above
Teachers should help toddlers wash their hands ____.
All of the above
The infant fans his or her toes out when his or her feet are stroked.
Babinski reflex
Which of the following would be the least important information to find out from parents when children are first enrolled in an infant-toddler program?
Clothing size
Rattles and teething rings must be cleaned ____.
Daily
Which of the following is not an attachment behavior?
Eating
A dramatic play area in a classroom for two-year-olds would not be appropriate.
False
A passive infant does something in response to a new person or event.
False
Activity patterns or levels of movement are always similar in infants.
False
An example of toxic stress would be a divorce in the family.
False
Attachment refers to the quality and intensity of emotional reactions.
False
By the end of the third year, organized play with other children emerges.
False
Caregivers working with toddlers should use baby talk so the children will understand what the caregivers say.
False
Crawling is the movement in which infants support their weight on their hands and knees.
False
Curriculum for infants requires more planning than curriculum for toddlers
False
Growth is the slowest during the first two years of life.
False
In the progression of hand movement skills, most children develop the pincer grasp first.
False
Infants begin to show judgment at about 12 months of age.
False
Infants cannot distinguish between parents and strangers' voices until about three months of age.
False
It is not important to coordinate home and center schedules for infants.
False
Stress hormones have little to no effect on the developing brain.
False
Telegraphic speech consists of four-word phrases.
False
The child's understanding of language is called expressive language skills.
False
The first signs of separation anxiety appear at about three months of age.
False
The hindbrain is responsible for abstract thought, logic, and reasoning.
False
The sleeping area for infants must be dark.
False
Two-year-olds develop the skill of dressing before undressing themselves.
False
Two-year-olds understand how to use grammar to form questions.
False
Usually between four to six months of age, infants will begin experiencing stranger anxiety.
False
Nurturing touch promotes ______________________ and _________________________ in babies.
Growth & Alertness
A child from birth to one year of age is called a(n) ____.
Infant
Gives "just one" on request
Math skills
The ____ reflex is sometimes referred to as the "startle reflex."
Moro
Occurs when the baby is startled by a noise or sudden movement.
Moro reflex
After touching the infant's palm, his or her hands will grip tightly.
Palmar grasp reflex
Which of the following should not be included on the daily care record for an infant?
Preferred toys
Two-year-olds can usually ____.
Put on their on socks
An automatic body response to a stimulus.
Reflex
The body's response to stress includes all except:
Release of stored sugar
Infants turn their heads toward anything that brushes their faces.
Rooting reflex
A two-year-old usually is able to ____.
Scribble
When the infant is placed on his or her feet, his or her legs move in a walking motion.
Stepping reflex
As is develops, the quality of brain architecture establishes a ______________________ foundation for learning behavior.
Sturdy or weak
When placing a finger on the lips or mouth, the infant will suck.
Sucking reflex
A two-year-old is usually able to throw a ball without falling.
True
As it develops, the quality of brain architecture establishes a sturdy or weak foundation for learning and behavior.
True
Becoming bored with one toy is a sign of overfamiliarity.
True
Brain circuits consolidate with increasing age, making them more difficult to rewire.
True
By six months of age, children can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces.
True
Differences in infants' temperaments can be observed during the first few days of life.
True
Early attachment behaviors include gurgling, clinging, laughing, and cooing.
True
Expressive language skills usually follow a sequence.
True
Fears are common for two-year-olds.
True
Good finger foods for toddlers include cheese, banana pieces, and chopped cooked eggs.
True
It is important to feed infants on demand rather than on a set schedule.
True
Most small toys are dishwasher safe.
True
Positive stress refers to moderate, short-lived stress responses, such as brief increases in heart rate or mild changes in stress hormone levels.
True
Possessive is a word that describes the average two-year-old.
True
SIDS is the death of a healthy infant due to unexplained causes.
True
Separation anxiety is a sign the child is learning and developing a close relationship with someone.
True
Some toys contain a special plastic that will show up clearly on an X-ray.
True
The average two-year-old child has a vocabulary of approximately 50 to 200 words.
True
There are weight and height differences between boys and girls by two years of age.
True
Touching, smiling, making eye contact, and speaking affectionately are all examples of positive caregiver behavior.
True
Two-year-old's tend to be egocentric, which means they that everyone sees, thinks, and feels as they do.
True
Two-year-olds are beginning to use one hand consistently for most activities.
True
When normal reflexes are not present in infants, it may be a sign of brain or nerve damage.
True
Synapse loss is __________________________________________.
a natural occurrence based on the pruning of seldom used connections
To help prevent SIDS, napping infants should always be placed on their ____.
backs
Gender roles are ____.
behaviors that are expected of girls or boys
Presence of secure attachment protects toddlers from ___________________________.
biochemical effects of stress
Cortisol does all of the following except:
creates adaptations to a threatening environment
The gross-motor skills of a two-year-old include ____.
kicking a large ball
Answers routine questions.
language comprehension
For infants and toddlers, routines make up ____.
more of the day than routines for preschoolers
The most convenient area for feeding infants is ____.
near the entrance to the center
A two-year-old is most likely to play ____.
next to, but not cooperatively with, other children
Healthy early development depends on __________________________________.
nurturing and dependable relationships
High levels of Noradrenalin trigger ________________________________.
over-arousal and tendency towards impulsive, hot-blooded acts of violence
Kicks a large ball.
physical skills
Runs without falling.
physical skills
A social-emotional trait of a child 12 to 24 months of age would be ____.
playing next to, but not with, other children
The two-year-old usually can ____.
point to six body parts on a doll
Is cooperative in dressing.
self help skills
Unsnaps a snap.
self help skills
Uses toilet without assistance.
self help skills
Displays jealousy.
social and emotional skills
Does not like to share toys
social and emotional skills
Likes to give affection to parents.
social and emotional skills
Bottles for infants can be heated ____.
under warm running water
