1302 Final Review

William Cody, popularly known as "Buffalo Bill,"

popularized the image of the West as being both wild and romantic with his "Wild West" shows.

The Social Security Act of 1935

provided pensions to the aged and unemployment benefits.

In "The Souls of Black Folk," W. E. B. DuBois argues that blacks brought three gifts to America. What are the "gifts" he is referring to?

song, sweat, and spirit

For the feminist woman in the 1920s, freedom meant

the right to choose her lifestyle.

In the presidential election of 1936

the so-called New Deal Coalition reelected FDR in a landslide.

What was the purpose and approach of the Dawes Act?

to attack "tribalism" by dividing the land of nearly all tribes and distributing it to Indian families

Dollar Diplomacy

was used by William H. Taft instead of military intervention.

The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918)

were the first federal restrictions on free speech since 1798.

In practice, laws providing for mothers' pensions tended to benefit

white widows.

"Slumming" meant

whites going to Harlem's dancehalls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies.

Which was part of the Populist platform?

workers' right to form unions

Which two New Deal programs did the Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?

Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration

How did mass consumption in the Progressive era result in new consumer freedoms?

Department stores provided city residents with access to electric washing machines.

Which of the following statements best assesses the fate of feminism during the New Deal?

Given the broad consensus that the job claims of male providers superseded women's, organized feminism essentially disappeared.

In regard to labor, what did Ford do for his workers?

He paid more than double the wages paid by other factory owners.

What in Margaret Sanger's early life likely motivated her activism as an adult?

Her mother gave birth to eleven children.

Which of the following assessments of the Roosevelt Corollary is accurate?

It proposed the United States could function as an international police power within the Western Hemisphere.

What was one result of Wilson's Fourteen Points?

It set an agenda for the peace conference after the war.

What did passage of the Seventeenth Amendment entail?

U.S. senators were now chosen by popular vote.

The Dust Bowl carried dust as far away as what city?

Washington, D.C.

The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of

a mature consumer economy.

In order to enter the Union as a state, Utah banned what in its constitution?

polygamy

What was John Dewey's philosophy?

pragmatism

Populists intended to do which of the following?

restore economic opportunity

What caused the Dust Bowl?

soil erosion

Which of the following did the Open Door policy most exemplify?

the United States' pursuit of markets and investment opportunities

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

was intended to raise farm prices.

In the Meyer v. Nebraska case, the Supreme Court cited a violation of what amendment?

Fourteenth

Why did Mexican immigration increase during World War I?

Labor shortages in mines and farms led to more job opportunities.

Which of the following statements about the Haymarket Affair is correct?

The explosion of a bomb during the protest fueled employers' efforts to paint the labor movement as dangerous and un-American.

After the Court-packing attempt, how did the change in the jurisprudence of the U.S. Supreme Court affect American life?

The new political climate in the U.S. Supreme Court meant that a federal child labor ban could stand constitutional muster.

Industrial freedom in the Progressive era meant in practice

a loss of personal autonomy for skilled workers working under scientific management.

By 1912, the Socialist Party

had elected scores of local officials.

The Ludlow Massacre

happened during a strike against Rockefeller-owned companies.

Wilson's wartime propaganda effort

indirectly led to the "public relations" profession.

The Equal Rights Amendment

intended to eliminate legal distinctions made on the basis of sex.

Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the United States is accurate?

By 1880, the majority of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms, but they also lived elsewhere and performed other jobs.

Which of the following statements is accurate about the West?

By 1890, the West had a higher percentage of people living in cities than other regions.

Assess the state of individual American financial savings by the end of the 1920s.

By the end of the 1920s, the majority of American families had no savings whatsoever.

Which statement about the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 is correct?

Children of the striking workers publicly marched up New York's Fifth Avenue.

What broad popular sentiments did the Ku Klux Klan express in the 1920s?

Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants.

Why did Calvin Coolidge veto the McNary-Haugen bill?

Coolidge favored laissez-faire economics.

Who wrote a novel that promoted socialist ideas under the term of nationalism?

Edward Bellamy

At what site did most immigrants from Mexico enter the United States in the early twentieth century?

El Paso, Texas

After the Spanish-American War, who established the Philippines' provisional government with a constitution modeled on that of the United States?

Emilio Aguinaldo

While many Americans embraced modern urban culture, others found it alarming. Which of the following groups felt threatened by mass entertainment and the presence of other religions due to immigration?

Evangelical Protestants

Mexican-Americans were urged by local authorities to leave the country. What other groups of immigrants were also encouraged to leave the U.S.?

Filipino

Which of the following statements accurately describes the response of many everyday Americans to the new social order of the Gilded Age?

From the academic world to the public sphere, public discussion gave new attention to class differences and debates over the implications of economic change.

Which of the following is considered internationally to be the "capital" of Black America?

Harlem

Where did the U.S.S. Maine sink?

Havana

In what ways was W. E. B. Du Bois a typical progressive?

He believed that investigation, exposure, and education could solve the nation's problems.

Why was William Tweed so popular with New York's immigrant poor?

He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.

What made Eugene Debs a successful leader?

He unified a diverse group of people for the socialist cause.

Warren G. Harding, the Republican candidate, won the 1920 presidential election. What was the basis of his campaign?

He wanted to return to "normalcy."

Why did Samuel Gompers seek to forge closer ties with forward-looking corporate leaders?

He wanted to stabilize employer-employee relations.

Which of the following is true of Eugene V. Debs?

His arrest for violation of the Espionage Act was the result of an anti-war speech.

Which of the following statements best assesses Herbert Hoover's qualification for the presidency in 1928?

His skill in economic planning and the organization of food relief made him a good choice for both good and hard times.

As a response to the Great Depression and in contrast to previous federal economic policy,

Hoover approved public-works projects for the unemployed.

Which of the following describes an effect of U.S. Chinese exclusion policies of the late nineteenth century?

In protest, some Chinese refused to carry required identification papers.

Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War?

Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia.

Why was the Glass-Steagall Act a key piece of legislation?

It banned commercial banks from involvement in buying and selling stocks, and set up the FDIC.

Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial governor Brigham Young with a non-Mormon appointee in 1857?

It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.

Evangelical Protestants

It deepened the economic crisis.

Which statement is true of the Communist Party of America during the Great Depression?

It formed unemployed councils and sponsored marches for public assistance.

Which of the following describes the New Deal most accurately?

It was a political program that integrated the notion of economic security into the definition of American freedom.

Which statement about the Pearl Harbor attack is true?

It was a surprise attack by the Japanese.

Which of the following is true about the Red Scare of 1919-1920?

It was an intense period of political intolerance.

Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s?

Japan invaded China hoping to expand militarily and economically.

What influenced the ideas in the reports of the National Resources Planning Board from 1942 to 1943?

Keynesian economics

How did the government try to prevent the rise of women in the workforce during the Depression?

Legislation banned both members of a married couple from holding federal jobs.

How did Roosevelt's opponents characterize liberty?

Liberty meant freedom from powerful government.

What prevented many Native Americans from becoming U.S. citizens in the nineteenth century?

Most Indians were unwilling to cede their tribal setting and assimilate into American society.

Why was the Hollywood version of the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality?

Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages.

Where is Ellis Island located?

New York

How did nickelodeons reflect a mass-consumption society in the Progressive era?

Nickelodeons offered a popular and less expensive leisure activity for urban residents.

Who painted the Four Freedoms paintings that appeared in the Saturday Evening Post?

Norman Rockwell

William Jennings Bryan was the presidential candidate for which of the following groups?

Populists and Democrats

What political group most influenced FDR's New Deal?

Progressives

Which of the following best describes America in the 1920s?

Radio and movies reflected the uniformity of American society.

During the 1924 presidential election, which Progressive politician received one-sixth of the electorate's votes?

Robert La Follette

What made it so difficult for the United States to reject the demands of Joseph Stalin for establishing a Soviet sphere in eastern Europe?

Roosevelt realized the sacrifices the Soviets had made in their victory on the eastern front.

Which phrase best describes Eleanor Roosevelt's tenure as First Lady?

She redefined the role of First Lady.

Why did Ida B. Wells say the United States had no right to call itself the "land of the free"?

She was referring to the lynchings of innocent black men.

What was the difference between skilled and semiskilled workers during the Gilded Age?

Skilled workers were less common, possessed technical skills, and enjoyed better wages depending on the industry.

Which statement about the New Deal is true?

Social Security was a Second New Deal program.

What prompted as many as 200,000 American citizens to leave the country during the Great Depression?

Some children had little choice, as they went with their Mexican-born parents to Mexico.

Which former enemy of Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Germany?

Soviet Union

About which of the following did Ida Tarbell write an investigative journalistic story?

Standard Oil

What statement best summarizes the ideas behind the term "New Negro"?

Stereotypes were to be rejected.

What did Alice Paul propose regarding women's rights?

That all gender-based legal distinctions should be eliminated.

What was a result of the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915?

The American public was outraged.

What statement is true of the Federal Housing Administration?

The FHA insured long-term mortgages issued by private banks.

How did the federal government institutionalize racism during the New Deal?

The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding African-American participation during World War I?

The U.S. Army tried to persuade the French to not treat African-American soldiers as equals.

How did American racial attitudes shape South African politics?

The Union of South Africa followed the model of U.S. segregation with its own system of apartheid.

President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on which of the following grounds?

The United States needed to Christianize the Filipinos.

Why can Woodrow Wilson be seen as an endorser of the Ku Klux Klan?

The White House showed The Birth of a Nation.

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the final passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

The Wilson administration eventually supported the amendment in response to public pressure.

How did labor militancy change the ways in which civil liberties were conceived?

The federal government became the protector of freedom of expression as private groups intended to infringe those rights.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890?

The law established a precedent that the national government could regulate the economy in the interest of the public good.

Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?

The war lasted only four months and resulted in fewer than 400 U.S. battle casualties.

Immigration policies changed during the 1920s as the government started to restrict wholesale immigration. How did employers react to these changes in policy?

They accepted the changes, as their fear of immigrant radicalism outweighed their desire for cheap labor.

American citizenship was granted to Puerto Ricans in 1917, but in what way was it limiting?

They could not participate in the presidential election.

Some view L. Frank Baum's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a commentary on the election of 1896 and its aftermath.

True

The "new imperialism" involved European colonial powers seeking to consolidate their domination of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the name of "civilization."

True

The depression that began in 1893 heightened the belief that a more aggressive foreign policy was necessary to stimulate American exports.

True

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was

Upton Sinclair.

Which of the following court cases made it difficult for states to regulate railroads?

Wabash v. Illinois

Why did the War Industries Board establish standardized specifications during World War I?

Why did the War Industries Board establish standardized specifications during World War I?

What politician took to the stand and defended Christianity during the Scopes trial?

William Jennings Bryan

What characteristic of Woodrow Wilson appeared to Theodore Roosevelt's supporters to be a relic of the past?

Wilson was committed to programs that aided small-business owners and that seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration.Wilson was committed to programs that aided small-business owners and that seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration.

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

Which of the following statements is true of the Great Steel Strike of 1919?

Workers demanded union recognition.

What ended the Great Depression?

World War II spending

What was the focus of Hollywood films such as Mr. Deeds Goes to Town and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington?

a hero that defeated corruption

A typical Mexican immigrant in the early twentieth century might hold what occupation?

a railroad laborer

The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor during the 1890s reflected

a shift from broad reform goals to more limited goals.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller

accumulated fortunes, grew powerful, and donated most of their money to charity.

Electoral reform during the Progressive era

actually limited many Americans' right to vote.

U.S. interest in Alaska originated in a desire for...

an accessible port to the Pacific Ocean.

The Great Depression was caused by which of the following factors?

an unequal distribution of wealth

The American Federation of Labor's founder, Samuel Gompers, used the idea of "freedom of contract" to

argue against interference by judges with workers' right to organize unions.

The Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

argued that segregated facilities did not discriminate.

How did Garveyites define freedom at the time of World War I?

as black self-reliance and national self-determination

The Sixteenth Amendment

authorized a graduated income tax.

The Platt Amendment

authorized military intervention in Cuba.

African-Americans migrated north during the Great Migration for which of the following reasons?

being able to educate their children

Native-born middle-class women under the leadership of Carrie Chapman-Catt argued that they deserved the right to vote on account of their

birth in the United States.

Which of the following groups demanded the Fifteenth Amendment be enforced in the South?

black feminists

The Teapot Dome scandal involved

bribes for the secretary of the interior in exchange for leases of government oil reserves.

The Tennessee Valley Authority

competed with private companies in the business of selling electricity.

By 1880, Chinese immigrants to the West

concentrated in California, where they made up over half of the farmworkers.

The Harlem Renaissance

describes the quest by writers like Claude McKay to locate the roots of the black experience.

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was

dramatic in agriculture.

Politically, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

dreamed of a society with no government, no church, and no private property.

The Second New Deal focused on

economic security.

Both Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald

emigrated to Europe.

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

The flapper

epitomized the change in sexual behavior.

The Grange was an organization that

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

The Resettlement Administration

established temporary relief camps for displaced migrant workers.

The Progressive era was a period of explosive growth. Which of the following fueled this process?

expansion of the consumer market

When Mary McLeod Bethune remarked that the New Deal offered African-Americans a new day, she

expressed the hope for change despite discrimination in federal housing and employment.

By 1935, the New Deal

faced mounting pressures and criticism.

Feminism

first entered the political vocabulary during the Progressive era.

Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of "the abundant life" in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century?

free enterprise

What did the Filipino Repatriation Act offer Filipinos?

free transportation to those who wanted to get back to the Philippines

The U.S. Army saw an increase in enlistments due to the Selective Service Act. What pair of numbers reflects the number of soldiers before and after the Selective Service Act was implemented?

from 120,000 to 5 million

The Civilian Conservation Corps

gave work to unemployed young men in jobs having to do with the environment.

During the 1920s

government policies reflected the pro-business ethos of the decade.

In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs

helped create a "new society" willing to maintain a standard of living at any price.

Theodore Roosevelt's taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of

his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world.

The "Kansas Exodus" meant which of the following?

hope for blacks to escape racial violence in the South

For a working-class family to survive, all family members needed to work and contribute to the household. Where did the majority of working-class women work?

in domestic service

Where was the focus of Progressive politics?

in the cities

In 1938, Congress established the House Un-American Activities Committee, which

included liberals and unionists in its definition of "un-American."

According to Alfred T. Mahan, the United States needed to do what in order to prosper?

increase the size of its navy

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire

led to legislation aimed at improving factory safety standards.

Which of the following did the Knights of Labor try to eliminate?

liberty of contract

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation

made loans to banks, railroads, and other businesses.

The Redeemers were formed by a coalition of

merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs.

Woodrow Wilson's moral imperialism in Latin America produced

more military interventions than any president before or since.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

moved from demanding prohibition to women's suffrage.

Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as

muckrakers.

The Indian victory at the Little Bighorn

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress,

opposed U.S. entry into World War I.

In Southern California, what became a dominant crop in the late nineteenth century?

oranges

What did employers, urban reformers, and women reformers hope Prohibition would achieve during the war years?

peace and order on the home front

The Progressive era's birth-control movement was characterized by

public lectures on sexual freedom and contraception by activists such as Emma Goldman.

Which of the following underlying problems did the New Deal fail to address?

racial inequality

The Scottsboro case

reflected the racism that was prevalent in the South during the 1930s.

To create national parks such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Glacier, the federal government

removed Indians who hunted and fished on these lands.

In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court

ruled that bans on dangerous speech were constitutional.

In the mid-1930s, what did the umbrella term "the left" describe?

socialists, communists, labor radicals, and New Deal liberals

Eugenics is the

study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races.

What term best describes the status of blacks brought about by a segregated South?

subservient

Anita Whitney, a California socialist, was involved in two cases before the Supreme Court involving the Fourteenth Amendment and what other amendment?

the First Amendment, which guarantees the freedom of speech

In his first term as president, what did Theodore Roosevelt use to challenge J. P. Morgan's western railroads?

the Sherman Antitrust Act

After the Civil War, political parties were closely divided. What geographical area did the Democrats dominate?

the South

The "Grand Alliance" joined together

the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union.

Apart from the racial identity of victims, what typically triggered the lynch violence of southern white mobs?

the victim's alleged sexual conduct

The 1890s is known as the women's era because

they gained more economic opportunities.

Most Progressives saw World War I as a golden opportunity because

they hoped to disseminate Progressive values around the globe.

Most immigrants who arrived in America sought "freedom" because

they wanted to exchange poverty for economic opportunity.

During the 1920s most acts of foreign policy were conducted

through private economic relations.

The word "Progressivism" came into common use around 1910

to refer to a group of people who wanted to bring change to America.

What advice does Chief Joseph offer the white man in his 1879 speech in Washington, D.C.?

to treat all men, including Indians, the same way in order to live in peace

In American Individualism, Herbert Hoover

understood self-interest should be subordinated to public service.

Upton Sinclair

wanted to provide jobs for the unemployed.

The Social Gospel

was an effort to expand the appeal of the Protestant Church into poor neighborhoods.

Henry Ford's "Fordlandia"

was created to secure a supply of rubber for tires.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

was from the upper class.

The automobile

was the backbone of economic growth.