19. Vascular System (Blood Vessels)

What are the two veins that major veins that drain the leg & foot?

Anterior tibial & Posterior tibial

What is the largest artery of the body?

Aorta

________ are said to "branch", "diverge", or "fork" as they form smaller and smaller divisions.

Arteries

What is the vein that drains the thorax & empties into superior vena cava.

Azygos

What artery is generally auscultated to determine blood pressure in the arm?

Brachial artery

What is the major artery serving the arm?

Brachial artery

The arterial trunk that has three major branches which serve the liver, spleen, & stomach.

Celiac trunk

_________ vessels have impermeable tight junctions in capillary endothelium.

Cerebral

What arteries are the terminal branches of the dorsal (or descending) aorta?

Common iliac arteries

What is the vein that is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins.

Common iliac vein

What is the arterial network on the dorsum of the foot?

Dorsalis pedis

What is the major artery, serving the tissues external to the skull.

External carotid

T/F: Coronary vessels constrict & are compressed during systole.

False; coronary vessels do NOT constrict but ARE compressed during systole.

What is the deep vein of the thigh?

Femoral vein

What are the three veins that form/empty into the hepatic portal vein?

Gastric vein Inferior mesenteric vein Superior mesenteric vein

The vein that drains the ovaries & testes.

Gonadal vein

What vein is the longest superficial vein of the body? (hint: found in the leg)

Great saphenous vein

What is the large vein that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing?

Hepatic portal vein

What is the vein that drains the liver?

Hepatic vein

____________ is called the silent killer.

Hypertension

What artery supplies the last half of the large intestine?

Inferior mesenteric artery

What is the largest vein below the thorax.

Inferior vena cava

What are the two paired arteries that serve the brain?

Internal carotid artery & Vertebral artery

What artery serves the pelvis?

Internal iliac artery

Vein that drains the dural sinuses of the brain.

Internal jugular

The collagen fibers found in tunica externa help to do what?

Protect and reinforce the vessel & anchor it to surrounding structures

What are the two arteries formed by the division of the brachiocephalic trunk?

Right common carotid artery & Right subclavian artery

What artery supplies most of the small intestine?

Superior mesenteric artery

The pulmonary arteries characteristically have ______ walls and _____ lumens.

THIN walls & LARGE lumens

What are the veins called that drain venous blood from myocardium of the heart into the coronary sinus?

The cardiac veins

T/F: Small changes in vessel diameter greatly influence blood flow & blood pressure.

True

Bears the chief responsibility for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation.

Tunica Media

Generally the bulkiest layer of the arteries.

Tunica Media

Tunic that has intimate contact with the blood in the lumen.

Tunica intima

The reduction in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle contracts.

Vasoconstriction

The increase in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle relaxes.

Vasodilation

_______ are said to "join", "merge", "converge" into successively larger vessels approaching the ______.

Veins; heart

The smallest branches of arteries are called

arterioles.

Arteries carry blood ________ the heart.

away from

Subendothelial layer consists of a....

basement membrane & loose connective tissue

The _______ artery splits to form the radial and ulnar arteries.

brachial artery

The ________ are the two veins which join to become the superior vena cava.

brachiocephalic veins

Of all blood vessels, only the __________ have intimate contact with tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs.

capillaries

Arterioles feed into the...

capillary beds of body organs and tissues.

Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur primarily through the....

capillary walls.

The _________ is the superficial vein that drains the lateral aspect of the arm.

cephalic vein

The _________ vessels receive constant blood flow whether the body is at rest or strenuously exercising.

cerebral

The ________ artery is the first artery that branches off the ascending aorta; serves the heart.

coronary

A hemorrhage leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

decrease

Alcohol leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

decrease

Increased diameter of the arterioles leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

decrease

Increased urine output leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

decrease

Physical training leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

decrease

Sudden change in position from reclining or standing leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

decrease

In the pulmonary circulation, arteries carry ________ blood and veins carry _______ blood from _______ to ______.

deoxygenated; oxygenated; lungs; heart

Veins merge to form the large veins that ultimately...

empty into the heart.

The _________ is continuous with the endocardial lining of the heart.

endothelium

The flat cells of the __________ fit closely together, forming a slick surface that minimizes friction as blood moves through the lumen.

endothelium

External iliac becomes the _________ artery upon entering the thigh.

femoral artery

The two body organs that vasoconstriction rarely occurs in are the ______ & the _____.

heart & brain

Anxiety and/or fear leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

Arteriosclerosis leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

Increased blood viscosity leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

Increased cardiac output leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

Increased pulse rate leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

Nicotine leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

Physical exercise leads to a(n) ________ in blood pressure.

increase

In the skin, blood flow _________ (increases or decreases?) markedly when body temperature rises.

increases

Tunica ________ contains the endothelium.

intima

Renin, released by the ______, causes a _________ in blood pressure.

kidneys; increase

As the heart contracts, it forces blood into the _______ leaving the ______.

large arteries; ventricles

Tunica externa is composed of...

largely woven collagen fibers.

The celiac trunk has three major branches which serve the _______, ________, & _________.

liver, spleen, & stomach

The pulmonary circulation is a ____-pressure circulation.

low

The pulmonary system has a much ________ (higher or lower?) arterial pressure than that in systemic circulation.

lower

The decreasing efficiency of the sympathetic nervous system vasoconstrictor functioning, due to aging, leads to a type of hypotension called ____________ hypotension.

orthostatic

The _________ artery supplies the diaphragm.

phrenic artery

The fetal equivalent of (functional) lungs and liver is the _________.

placenta

The deep artery of thigh serves the ___________ thigh.

posterior

The ________ & the ________ are the deep veins draining the forearm.

radial vein & ulnar vein

The _________ is the vein that drains the kidneys.

renal vein

Endothelium is the _________ epithelium that lines the....

simple squamous; lumen of all vessels

During vigorous physical activity, the ________ receives up to two-thirds of blood flow.

skeletal muscle

The walls of all blood vessels, except the very ________, have three distinct layers called ______, that surround the vessel _________.

smallest; tunics; lumen

The tunica media is mostly circular arranged __________ cells and __________.

smooth muscle; sheets of elastin

A _____________ is used to take the apical pulse?

stethoscope

The __________ is the vein that receives blood from arm via the axillary vein.

subclavian vein

In vessels larger that 1 mm, a ________ supports the endothelium.

subendothelial layer

The activity of the smooth muscle in tunica media is regulated by....

sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system and a variety chemicals.

Capillary walls are

thin.

In larger vessels, the tunica externa contains a system of...

tiny blood vessels called the vasa vasorum.

Veins carry blood _______ the heart.

toward

The outermost layer of a blood vessel wall is the

tunica externa.

The __________ is infiltrated with nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, & in larger ______, a network of elastin fibers.

tunica externa; veins

The innermost tunic is the

tunica intima.

The middle tunic is the

tunica media.

"vessels of vessels"

vasa vasorum

Cold has a ___________ effect.

vasoconstricting

Blood drains from the capillaries into the...

venules.

The smallest veins are called..

venules.