2040 Test 3 Chapter 7
On the basis of the proportion of similar attitudes, of the following individuals, the person we would like the MOST would be the one with ________.
20 similar attitudes and 4 dissimilar attitudes
Which of the following professionals are MOST likely to utilize what is known about proximity in their work?
Architects
Which of the following people would receive the most positive response from others?
Charlene who is very animated in her speech and also very modest
The matching hypothesis would say ____.
Charles is seeking a partner that is about as attractive as he is
According to research, which of the following is the most compassionate way to end a relationship?
Face-to-face breaking up
Which of the following people would be perceived most positively?
Gretchen who walks briskly down the hall with an upright posture
Which of the following is true about individuals with a dismissing avoidant attachment style?
Just like everyone else their self-esteem rises when they are accepted by others
Lisa admired the dress that Shelly was wearing and told Shelly that she looked absolutely stunning in that dress. Shelly felt very positive feelings toward Lisa after that compliment and tended to like her in other circumstances. Lisa had ________ effect on the attraction Shelly felt for her.
a direct
According to Zajonc (2001), we generally respond to a stranger with ________ the first time we
a least mild discomfort
Since newborns are predisposed to look toward faces in preference to other stimuli, this offers evidence that there is ________.
a neurobiological basis for the need to affiliate
According to balance theory, balance results in ________, while imbalance results in ________, and nonbalance results in ________.
a positive emotional state a negative state; indifference
Information about dissimilar attitudes and beliefs has ________ effect on attraction than does the same amount of information about similar attitudes.
a slightly stronger
Dave has just been shown a composite face of 20 women. He will likely rate this face as ________ in attractiveness.
above average
Physical attractiveness is ____.
adjudged based on precise cues that are not easy to identify
Regardless of the factors leading up to one liking or disliking another individual, those likes and dislikes are determined by one's immediate ________.
affective state
When your feelings are negative about something in your environment, and another person just happens to be with you, you will tend to evaluate that person in negative terms, illustrating the impact of ________ on attraction.
an associated effect
Attraction between two people is enhanced when ________.
areas of similarity outweigh areas of dissimilarity
Regarding the affect-attraction relationship on social influence, an ad agency is primarily concerned with ________ in order to sell a product.
arousing positive feelings
Mark was eating a wonderful dinner one evening when Jeannine came into the restaurant and sat down next to him while he was finishing this dinner. Later, Mark found that he was attracted to Jeannine. This situation illustrates the operation of a(n) ________ effect on attraction.
associated
Joshua happened to be sitting next to Brittany when the professor returned term papers to the class. Brittany received an unexpectedly high grade and the teacher's comments were very flattering to her. Brittany now finds herself liking Joshua a bit more than before. This occurrence is best explained by the ________.
associated effect of emotions
Karen and James are taking the same social psychology class. Karen happened to be standing next to James in the college post office when he received a letter from home that contained an unexpected $50.00. A short time later, James was asked to evaluate Karen as part of a class project. His evaluation of Karen is higher than it otherwise might have been because of the ________.
associated effect of emotions
The degree of security an individual feels in interpersonal relationships is referred to as her or his ________.
attachment style
The concept of attitude similarity includes similarity of ________, ________, ________, and ________.
attitudes; beliefs; values; interests
Bruce has a relatively high need for affiliation. As such, he would likely ________.
avoid making negative comments to fellow workers
Of the following famous sayings, the one that MOST accurately describes the similarity-attraction relationship is ________.
birds of a feather flock together
Angela and Becky are good friends. Carol greatly dislikes Angela but is not acquainted with Becky. Given this information, if Carol sees Angela and Becky interacting, Carol is MOST likely to react to Becky ________.
by having a negative reaction to her
When people rate the attractiveness of a number of faces, two categories generally emerge. These are ________ and ________.
childlike features, with large widely spaced eyes and small nose and mouth; mature features, with high eyebrows, large pupils and a big smile
The associated effect that emotions have on attraction can best be explained by ________.
classical conditioning
The idea that opposites attract is called ____.
complementarity
One of the few ways ________ works well is between a ________ with respect to ________ interactions.
complementarity; male and female; dominance/submission
Bob listened to a new song and did not like it at all. Shortly thereafter, this song was used by a company as its new advertising jingle, and the song was played over and over, so Bob was repeatedly exposed to the song. You would expect Bob to ________ for the song.
decrease his liking
Research in bars indicates that people are perceived as more attractive by members of the opposite sex at later times of the evening than at earlier times. This is due to ________.
decreases in the number of available potential partners
Suppose Jamie lives in an apartment building. She has the BEST chance to become acquainted with the person who lives ________.
directly across from her
Marisa has relationships with men in which she feels worthy, but inevitably has low expectations of the relationship, leading her to fear genuine closeness. Marisa has a ________ attachment style.
dismissing
Individuals with a round body build are thought to be ________.
easygoing
Individuals can vary in their strength of their need for affiliation as a function of ________.
either their traits or temporary states
A firm handshake communicates which of the following personality traits ____.
extroversion
People perceive attractive faces as more _____ than unattractive faces.
familiar
Consistent with the repulsion hypothesis, if you meet someone with whom you share one similar and one dissimilar attitude, you will be MOST likely to ________.
focus on the dissimilarity as a basis to not like the individual in question
Men tend to view women as attractive if they ________.
have either "childlike" or mature features
A stereotype based on appearance that is largely accurate is that, in contrast to less attractive people, more attractive people tend to ________.
have interpersonal skills
Sibling relationships differ from parent-child relationships because these relationships include _________.
hostility and affection
Suppose that during a conversation with one of your best friends, you discover that she dislikes social psychology and your professor. You, on the other hand, like both of these things very much. Under these conditions, your relationship with your friend can be described as ________.
imbalanced
Information about other people's attitudes are processed by the perceiver ________ to produce the proportion of similarity effect.
in a surprisingly imprecise mathematical way
Since George, a college student, prefers privacy, he should choose to sit ________.
in the back of the room, away from others
The vast majority of the stereotypes based on appearance are mostly ________.
inaccurate
When people are social excluded, they demonstrate ____.
increased sensitivity to interpersonal information
Family members other than a child's mother ____________in that child's social development.
influence a child in a variety of ways
Individuals with a thin and angular body shape are perceived as _______.
intelligent
Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory states that people compare their attitudes and beliefs with each other because this ________.
is the only way we can evaluate our accuracy and normality
Research shows that attractive defendants are ___.
less likely to be found guilty than unattractive defendants
According to a classical conditioning model of attraction, if you saw a funny film with someone, you would ________.
like the person more
A person's attachment style ________ throughout his or her life.
may change with relationship experience
Research on the color red has demonstrated that____.
men perceived women wearing red as more sexually appealing than women wearing other colors
The observation that repeated exposure to a new stimulus results in increasingly positive evaluations of the stimulus is known as the ________.
mere exposure effect
Being an only child can mean that a child is ____ .
more aggressive
Researchers have digitally combined multiple faces to create a composite image. This "averaged" face is typically rated as ________.
more attractive than the faces used to create it
Based on Langlois' work with composite faces, you might say that an attractive face is perceived as ________ than an unattractive one.
more familiar
People who share similar attitudes and beliefs are ________ to like each other.
more likely
Individuals with an insecure attachment style are ____ .
more likely to commit suicide
People respond _______ to attractive infants compared to unattractive infants.
more positively
Research shows that sexual attraction is a ________ but not ________ condition for being in love.
necessary; sufficient
According to Zajonc (2001), repeated encounters with a stranger generally allow ________ to decrease and ________ to increase.
negative emotions; positive emotions
A person with a preoccupied attachment style is said to have a _______ self-image and _________ interpersonal trust.
negative; high
Different cultures have varying expectations regarding the parent-child relationship. In the United States ____.
parents are expected to care for their children often into adulthood
The principle of proximity suggests that _____.
physical closeness between individuals helps determine the probability that repeated contact will be experiences
Flattery often works with respect to attraction because of the rule of ____.
reciprocity
The proportion of similarity is predictive of the degree of attraction between two people ________.
regardless of the importance of the topics they discuss
Suppose Diane and Mark, as college freshmen, are assigned dorm rooms right next door to each other. Shortly thereafter, they begin dating, and after college, they wed. The factor that would be MOST responsible for their initial acquaintance is ________.
repeated exposure due to proximity
Scott and Elizabeth grew up in the same small town. They attended the same school and went to the same college, where they took many of the same classes. At first, they were not particularly interested in each other romantically, but over time, they became increasingly attracted to each other and eventually married. This is best explained by the ________.
repeated exposure effect
Proximity is important to attraction because ________.
repeated exposure tends to produce favorable evaluations
People with a ____ attachment style often experience ____ stress when they have conflict with a relationship partner.
secure; less
Tomas is beginning his first year of college. Since one of his goals is to meet people and make new friends in his classes, Tomas would be well-advised to ________.
sit between other students in his classes whenever possible
Jessica considers herself to be a private individual. Although she is taking college courses and working towards her degree, she doesn't enjoy interacting with her fellow students very much. In order to minimize interactions in the classroom, Jessica should ________.
sit in the back of the room, and either in a corner or at the end of the row whenever possible
The repeated exposure effect is LEAST likely to generate positive evaluations when the ________.
stimulus initially generates negative affect
Individuals who are in stressful situations frequently experience an increase in their need to affiliate with others in a similar situation. This may be because ________.
such affiliations provide opportunities for social comparisons
The basic motive to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships is known as ________.
the affiliation need
Why would participants in Langlois' experiments rate the average of multiple faces as more attractive than the faces from which they were created?
the average face is perceived as closer to our schemas of men and women
The proportion of similarity is an indication of ________.
the likely level of attraction between two people
Attraction toward another increases if ________ and decreases if ________.
the other person produces positive affect; the other person produces negative affect
When indications of similar views on various topics are measured, the proportion of similarity is ________.
the ratio of similar view to total views (similar + dissimilar) expressed by two people
The finding that frequent contact with a mildly negative, neutral, or positive stimulus results in increasingly positive evaluations of that stimulus is known as ________.
the repeated exposure effect
The research finding that people tend to respond positively to indications that another person shares their attitudes, beliefs, and interests while they respond negatively to indications that another person differs from them in terms of attitudes, beliefs, and interests is known as ________.
the similarity-dissimilarity effect
Repeated exposure can lead to negative views of the stimulus if ________.
the stimulus originally evokes negative emotions
Jealousy seems to stem in part from __.
threats to self-sesteem
When researchers asked students to say which traits were most important for their ideal person to have, across a spectrum of different types of relationships, they named ________ and ________ as the two most important.
trustworthiness; cooperativeness
According to balance theory, nonbalance exists when ________.
two people dislike one another
According to balance theory, balance is achieved when ________.
two people like each other and discover they are similar in some way
According to balance theory, imbalance exists when ________.
two people like each other and discover they are similar in some way
Passionate love appears to involve an intense and often ________ emotional reaction to another person.
unrealistic
Love in which one person falls in love and those feelings are not returned is called ___.
unrequited love
Our evaluations of strangers tend to be higher when ________.
we know that they share attitudes and believes that are similar to ours
In general ____ report having more ____ than ____.
women; close friends; men
