2.5
How many infant deaths are due to genetic disease?
20%
how many genetic disease cause problems in first month of life?
3,500
What is nondisjunction?
An error in cell division that causes homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to move to the same side of the dividing cell
What does CLL affect?
B cell lymphocytes that originate in bone marrow. They develop in lymph nodes to fight infections and produce antibodies
Signal transduction inhibitors
Block the activities of molecules that participate in signal transduction the process by which a cell responds to signals from its environment.
Angiogenesis
Block the growth of new blood vessels to tumors (angiogenesis)
Leukemia
Cancers of white blood cells. CLL is most common type of leukemia
Monoclonal antibodies
Deliver toxic molecules can cause the death of cancer cells specifically
Cancer
Derive from single cells. DNA in these cells acquired mutations that conferred the ability to continually divide.
Clinomics
Developing practical, cost-effective genomic tests for diagnosing/ treating patients. Involves computer science!
Immune systems therapies to treat leukemia
Disabled form of HIV re-engineered to carry cancer-fighting genes and mixed with patients T-Cells.
CAR-T therapy
Engineering T cell "assassins" to recognize and kill cancer cells
Example of oncogene
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Epigenomics
Examines which factors act on individual genes, and how certain changes in the epigenome affect our health
Angiogenesis inhibitor
Formation of new blood cells is interfered. Growth factors bind to their receptors on endothelial cells, signals when these cells are initiated that promote the growth and survival of new blood vessels.
SNPs
Foundation for personalized medicine. Crucial to identifying SNPs contributing to complex diseases like Alzheimer's and bipolar disorder
Goals of personalized medicine
Greater effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery improved health outcomes and quality of life
Microbiome exploration
Profile an individual to detect prevent and diagnose infections and other diseases
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Protein present on the cell surface. Bind to epidermal growth factor causing cells to divide. Abnormally high levels on surface of many cancer cells, causing them to divide excessively.
hormone therapy
Slow or stop the growth of hormones sensitive tumors, which require certain hormones to grow
Immuno-therapies
Trigger the immune system to destroy cancer cells
Pharmacogenomics
Using patients genetic profile to predict drug's efficacy, guide dosage and improve patient safety
Monoclonal antibodies
a collection of identical antibodies that interact with a single antigen site
Oncogenes
cancer causing genes
BRCA1 and BRCA2
genes essential for repairing damaged DNA. Mutations are usually insertions or deletions of a small number of DNA base pairs in the gene. Normally expressed in the cells of breast and other tissue
tumor suppressor genes
make proteins that stop cell division and kill cells
Risks of personalized medicine defined through
molecular testing, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, family history and data mining
Personalized medicine
the use of molecular and genetic characterizations of both the disease process and the patient for the customization of drug therapy
