2nd Semester Exam: Anatomy Regulars

Which of the following is false: a. The hypodermis is thicker in males than females b. The hypodermis has abundant loose connective tisse c. The hypodermis stores lipids d. The hypodermis binds the dermis to underlying structures

The hypodermis is thicker in males than females

What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones?

The medullary cavity is formed.

Epidermis and dermis destroyed, painless, also called "full-thickness burn" and much scar tissue

3rd degree burn

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages: 1. Bone callus formation 2. Bone remodeling 3. Fibrocartilage callus formation 4. Hematoma formation

4,3,1,2

A patient was diagnosed with low calcium levels in the blood, which affect nervous system and muscle functions. You decide to examine the functioning of various cells composing the patient's bone tissue. Which type of bone cell do you predict may be dysfunctional? a. Osteoclasts b. Osteoblasts c. Osteoprogenitor cells d. Osteocytes

A

What is the actual site of hearing:

A

Osteoporosis is a clinical manifestation of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, resulting in weakened bones that easily fracture. How may one design a therapeutic drug targeting specific bone cell type(s) for the treatment of osteoporosis?

A therapeutic drug that inhibits osteoblast activity would be useful. One that enhances the bone formation activity of osteoblasts may also be a good strategy

Which of the following careers assess, diagnose, treat, and help to prevent speech language, voice, swallowing, and other related disorders? a. Audiologist b. Speech language pathologist c. Cardiologist d. Optometrist

B

Which of the following is correct of the female pelvis when comparing it with the male pelvis: a. the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller b. the distance between the female ischial spines is greater c. the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less d. the female iliac bones are less flared e. the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thicker

B

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:

Bone length is no longer increasing

Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint? a. Elbow b. Thumb c. Hip d. The joint of the wrist

C

Which of the following is not a location of the greatest number of touch receptors in the skin? a. Fingers b. Toes c. Knees d. Face

C

Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures? a. Phalanges b. Ribs c. osteoporotic bones d. wrist bones in toddlers

C

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a:

Comminuted fracture

Which of the following is NOT associated with a hair: a. Medulla b. Cuticle c. Follicle d. Lunule e. Shaft

Cuticle

These professionals examine individuals of all ages and identify those with the symptoms of hearing loss and other auditory, balance, and related sensory and neural problems. a. Optometrist b. Speech language pathologist c. Clinical researcher d. Audiologist

D

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by skin exposure to chemicals: a. Athlete's foot b. Cold sores c. Impetigo d. Contact dermatitis e. Cyanosis

D

Bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely:

Endochondrial ossification

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are:

Fontanels

A fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults, is a(n):

Greenstick fracture

The vestibular system is NOT involved in:

Hearing

Photoreceptors are located:

In the eye

A world-class pianist gets into a serious car accident. Injuries to which groups of bones would most significantly interfere with her career as a pianist?

Injuries to carpals, humerus, radius, ulna, clavicle, metacarpals, phalanges, and various flat bones like scapulae would cause issues

1. The amount of light passing through the pupil of the eye is adjusted by the:

Iris

Liver disorder skin disorder:

Jaundice

Synovial joints allow different types of movement. Turning your head to look over your shoulder is an example of ________.

Lateral rotation

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as:

Long bones

Identify the classifications of bones based upon shape:

Long, short, flat, irregular and round

Miguel has an abnormal forward curvature in the lumbar region, resulting in a swaybacked posture. Miguel has __________

Lordosis

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to:

Melanin

Which of these bones is associated with the hand:

Metacarpals

How would muscle contractions be affected if ATP was completely depleted in a muscle fiber?

Myosin heads will not detach from the actin-binding sites, resulting in muscle stiffness. In a live person this causes writer's cramp, while in a recently dead person, it results in rigor mortis.

Why are shoulder dislocations more common than dislocations of the carpal bones in the hand?

The more mobile a joint, the weaker the joint. The shoulder joint allows the greatest range of motion, while carpal bones are more stable.

What do all types of muscle tissue have in common?

They all contain actin and myosin.

The role of the human vertebral column?

To attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Which muscle elevates the shoulders, as when you shrug your shoulders:

Trapezius

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Give an example of each.

Voluntary muscles can be controlled by an individual's will, such as skeletal muscles. Involuntary muscles cannot be consciously controlled, such as cardiac muscles.

All of the following facial bones are paired except one. Which of the following is the unpaired facial bone:

Vomer

Tim is a new father and is not used to changing diapers. He grimaces and purses his lips when he changes his son's diapers. Which collection of muscles is he using to comfort his mouth this way:

Zygomaticus minor and major

1. What types of issues related to bone development and repair would you expect associated with someone suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder most commonly resulting from defects in collagen production and processing?

a. Abnormally weak bones prone to breakage and fracturing upon mild trauma

1. A sudden flash of light would:

a. Cause constriction of the pupil

1. If object A overlaps object B we perceive object A as being closer. Which depth cue are we using?

a. Interposition

These professionals prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses. a. Optometrist b. Medical researcher c. Audiologist d. Ophthalmologist

a. Optometrist

1. Light is focused on the lens through the action of _____ on suspensory ligaments.

a. The ciliary muscles

Cones are more numerous in the part of the retina opposite to the pupil, which is known as:

a. The macula lutea

1. The Eustachian tube connects:

a. The pharynx with the middle ear

1. In depth perception, accommodation would be most useful for which activity?

a. Threading a needle

Synchondroses and symphyses are connected by ________.

cartilage

The order in which sound travels through the auditory system is

external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, scala vestibuli, scala tympani, round window

Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________.

rickets

The nose is ___ to the chin.

superior

You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since

the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male

The axial skeleton contains: 1. skull 2. arms and legs 3. ribs and sternum 4. vertebrae 5. pelvic girdles

1,3,4,5

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints:

Periosteum

Shaina is a 45-year-old woman who has started noticing sagging skin in the front of her neck. What muscle in this area is losing tone and causing the resulting looseness in her neck.

Platysma

Function of the skeleton:

Protects soft organs Supports the body Stores minerals and fat

In comparison to the cones, the rods are more:

Sensitive to dim light

The bones of human skeletons are classified by their shape. How does the structure of sesamoid bones differ from that of short bones?

Sesamoid bones are small, flat, and irregularly shaped, whereas short bones are cuboidal in shape.

Janetta has a frontal headache and pressure over her cheekbones and between her eyes. She has a thick nasal discharge and congestion. Janetta mostly likely has __________.

Sinusitis

Bones or bone structures forms primarily due to endochondral ossification?

Skull

1. Which of the following groups of bones in the human body, categorized according to shape, is correct:

Skull bones - flat bones

Abnormalities of the thoracic cage are relatively rare, but when they exist they can cause disorders. Which of the following would most be at risk if someone had a defective thoracic cage?

Spinal Cord

The suture found between the parietal and temporal bone is the:

Squamous suture

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to:

Store adipose tissue

The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called: a. Stratum spinosum b. Stratum granilosum c. Stratum basale d. Stratum corneum e. Stratum lucidum

Stratum lucidum

What is the main structural difference between synovial joints and cartilaginous and fibrous joints?

Synovial joints have a space between the adjoining bones, while fibrous and cartilaginous joints do not have a joint cavity.

A compound fracture can be described as when:

The broken bone is exposed to the outside

What angular movements occur at the hip joint and knees as you bend down to touch your toes?

The hip joint is flexed and the knees are extended.

The hyoid bone is unique because:

it is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone