(2)The Anatomy of the Brain
fissures
Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain
What becomes the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What becomes the hindbrain and spinal cord?
Metencephalon Myelencephalon
What carries the PCA?
Parieto-Occipital sulcus
The pons are connected to the cerebellum by?
the middle cerebral peduncles
cerebral cortex
the outer gray matter 1.5-5mm portion of the cerebrum
the precentral gyrus represents:
the primary motor cortex
interhemispheric fissure
the space that divides the left and right hemispheres of the cortex
what does the falx cerebri contain?
the superior sagittal sinus
metecephalon
below the posterior portion of the cerebrum and above medulla oblongata
The white matter is composed of?
bundles of axons and dendrites
Where is the primary visual cortex of the brain concentrated?
calcarine sulcus
The gray matter is composed of?
large groups of neurons
What subdivides each hemisphere into lobes?
large sulci
the sylvian fissure is longer in the ______ hemisphere
left
interhemispheric fissure sonographically
longitudinal echogenic midline structure
What is the main fissure called?
longitudinal or interhemispheric fissure
cingulate gyrus
major gyrus of the brain hypoechoic structure medial portion of brain
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
may be seen in lateral view running horizontally from occipital horn of the lateral ventricle to back of skull
what makes up the myelencephalon?
medulla oblongata
the myelencephalon is composed of?
medulla oblongata fourth ventricle
the hippocampal gyri is important for?
memory, especially facial recognition
another term for midbrain?
mesencephalon
the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) contains?
metencephalon myelencephalon
what comprises the rhombencephalon?
metencephalon myelencephalon reticular formation
What part of the brain remains tubular?
midbrain
Pulsations from the ______ can be seen pulsating within the sylvian fissure
middle cerebral artery
Mesencephalon
most rostal portion of the brain stem
Where does the falx cerebri lie?
within the interhemispheric fissure
falx cerebri
infold of dura
another term for hindbrain?
rhombencephalon
no sulci or gyri are apparent up to:
22 wks ga
normal sulcal development occurs between:
32 and 40 weeks
cerebral cortex contains how many layers
6
4 divisions of the brain
Prosencephalon (forebrain) mesencephalon (midbrain) rhombencephalon (hindbrain) spinal cord
sylvian fissure
Separates the temporal from the frontal lobe, and the temporal from the parietal lobe
What becomes the forebrain?
Telencephalon Diencephalon
prosencephalon
The embryonic portion of the brain that becomes the forebrain.
rhombencephalon
inferior portion of the brainstem
gyri allow for?
a larger cerebral cortex surface area
cerebral cortex
actually a layer of cells covering the surface of the brain
telecephalon
anterior portion of brain rostal (to the front of) the midbrain
calcarine sulcus
at the very caudal end of the medial brain surface
The main sulcus aka
central sulcus sulcus of Rolando
telecephalon consists of?
cerebral cortex basal ganglia corpus striatum olfactory bulb
another word for telencephalon?
cerebrum
4 major regions of brain
cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum brain stem
Coronally, the _______________ are seen on either side of the falx cerebri
cingulate sulci and gyrus
what carries the callosal marginal artery?
cingulate sulcus
What makes up the Mesencephalon?
colloculi peduncles
cingulate gyrus partially wraps around the
corpus callosum
the white matter is ___ inside the brain
deep
The sulci and fissures both have the appearnce of
echogenic lines
sulci ultrasound appearance
echogenic, spider-like fissures separatine hypoechoic gyri
diencephalon
enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres and superior to brain stem
What is known to calcify with age?
falx cerebri
white matter is covered with?
fat
gyri
folds or convolutions on the cerebrum
what is the mesencephalon located between?
forebrain and brainstem
the sylvian fissure divides the __________ lobe and _________ lobe above and the __________ lobe below
frontal and parietal temporal
Both the sulci and gyri are more prominent in
full term infants
the hippocampal gyri is a _________ matter region surrounding the _________
gray hippocampus
The brain is composed of what kind of matter?
gray and white
sulci
grooves that separate the gyri
folds of the cortex
gyri
falx cerebri sonographically
highly echogenic structure within the interhemispheric fissure
The sonographic appearance of brain parenchyma?
homogenous and low echogenicity
The gray matter is the ______ portion of the brain
outer
Hippocampal gyri aka
parahippocampal gyri
What is the first sulcus formed?
parieto-occipital sulcus
what makes up the Metencephalon?
pons cerebellum
The metencephalon is the division of the hindbrain that consists of the:
pons and cerebellum
the main sensory area for the sense of touch?
postcentral gyrus
the postcentral gyrus is __________ to the fissure of Ronaldo, or ________ and is an important structure in the ________ lobe
posterior central sulcus parietal lobe
myelencephalon
posterior portion of brain stem
Absence of sulci in term infants suggests:
presence of cerebral edema or infection
another term for forebrain?
prosencecephalon
Another term for forebrain?
prosencephalon
what is the most anterior portion of hte brain?
prosencephalon
central sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobes
The gyri or folds have a sonographic appearance:
similar to parenchyma homogeneous and of low echogenicity
premature infants have less______ than term infants
sulci
the cingulate gyrus is seen _________ to the corpus callosum and _________ to the echogenic cingulate sulcus, with the _______ within it
superior posterior callosal marginal artery
Where is the cingulate sulcus?
superior to teh corpus callosum
Lateral fissure aka
sylvian fissure or lateral sulcus one of the most prominent structures of the human brain
What does the mesencephalon consist of?
tectum tegmentum
What does the prosencephalon consist of?
telechephalon striatum diencephalon lateral ventricle third ventricle
Two divisions of the prosencephalon (forebrain)?
telenchephalon diencephalon
the hippocampal gyri lies in the
temporal lobe
What makes up the Diencephalon?
thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus
Structures of the diencephalon include?
thalamus hypothalamus optic tracts optic chiasma infundibulum 3rd ventricle mammillary bodies posterior pituitary gland pineal gland
The central sulcus separates?
the frontal and parietal lobes AND the primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex
precentral gyrus is located in?
the frontal lobe