(2)The Anatomy of the Brain

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fissures

Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain

What becomes the midbrain?

Mesencephalon

What becomes the hindbrain and spinal cord?

Metencephalon Myelencephalon

What carries the PCA?

Parieto-Occipital sulcus

The pons are connected to the cerebellum by?

the middle cerebral peduncles

cerebral cortex

the outer gray matter 1.5-5mm portion of the cerebrum

the precentral gyrus represents:

the primary motor cortex

interhemispheric fissure

the space that divides the left and right hemispheres of the cortex

what does the falx cerebri contain?

the superior sagittal sinus

metecephalon

below the posterior portion of the cerebrum and above medulla oblongata

The white matter is composed of?

bundles of axons and dendrites

Where is the primary visual cortex of the brain concentrated?

calcarine sulcus

The gray matter is composed of?

large groups of neurons

What subdivides each hemisphere into lobes?

large sulci

the sylvian fissure is longer in the ______ hemisphere

left

interhemispheric fissure sonographically

longitudinal echogenic midline structure

What is the main fissure called?

longitudinal or interhemispheric fissure

cingulate gyrus

major gyrus of the brain hypoechoic structure medial portion of brain

Parieto-Occipital Sulcus

may be seen in lateral view running horizontally from occipital horn of the lateral ventricle to back of skull

what makes up the myelencephalon?

medulla oblongata

the myelencephalon is composed of?

medulla oblongata fourth ventricle

the hippocampal gyri is important for?

memory, especially facial recognition

another term for midbrain?

mesencephalon

the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) contains?

metencephalon myelencephalon

what comprises the rhombencephalon?

metencephalon myelencephalon reticular formation

What part of the brain remains tubular?

midbrain

Pulsations from the ______ can be seen pulsating within the sylvian fissure

middle cerebral artery

Mesencephalon

most rostal portion of the brain stem

Where does the falx cerebri lie?

within the interhemispheric fissure

falx cerebri

infold of dura

another term for hindbrain?

rhombencephalon

no sulci or gyri are apparent up to:

22 wks ga

normal sulcal development occurs between:

32 and 40 weeks

cerebral cortex contains how many layers

6

4 divisions of the brain

Prosencephalon (forebrain) mesencephalon (midbrain) rhombencephalon (hindbrain) spinal cord

sylvian fissure

Separates the temporal from the frontal lobe, and the temporal from the parietal lobe

What becomes the forebrain?

Telencephalon Diencephalon

prosencephalon

The embryonic portion of the brain that becomes the forebrain.

rhombencephalon

inferior portion of the brainstem

gyri allow for?

a larger cerebral cortex surface area

cerebral cortex

actually a layer of cells covering the surface of the brain

telecephalon

anterior portion of brain rostal (to the front of) the midbrain

calcarine sulcus

at the very caudal end of the medial brain surface

The main sulcus aka

central sulcus sulcus of Rolando

telecephalon consists of?

cerebral cortex basal ganglia corpus striatum olfactory bulb

another word for telencephalon?

cerebrum

4 major regions of brain

cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum brain stem

Coronally, the _______________ are seen on either side of the falx cerebri

cingulate sulci and gyrus

what carries the callosal marginal artery?

cingulate sulcus

What makes up the Mesencephalon?

colloculi peduncles

cingulate gyrus partially wraps around the

corpus callosum

the white matter is ___ inside the brain

deep

The sulci and fissures both have the appearnce of

echogenic lines

sulci ultrasound appearance

echogenic, spider-like fissures separatine hypoechoic gyri

diencephalon

enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres and superior to brain stem

What is known to calcify with age?

falx cerebri

white matter is covered with?

fat

gyri

folds or convolutions on the cerebrum

what is the mesencephalon located between?

forebrain and brainstem

the sylvian fissure divides the __________ lobe and _________ lobe above and the __________ lobe below

frontal and parietal temporal

Both the sulci and gyri are more prominent in

full term infants

the hippocampal gyri is a _________ matter region surrounding the _________

gray hippocampus

The brain is composed of what kind of matter?

gray and white

sulci

grooves that separate the gyri

folds of the cortex

gyri

falx cerebri sonographically

highly echogenic structure within the interhemispheric fissure

The sonographic appearance of brain parenchyma?

homogenous and low echogenicity

The gray matter is the ______ portion of the brain

outer

Hippocampal gyri aka

parahippocampal gyri

What is the first sulcus formed?

parieto-occipital sulcus

what makes up the Metencephalon?

pons cerebellum

The metencephalon is the division of the hindbrain that consists of the:

pons and cerebellum

the main sensory area for the sense of touch?

postcentral gyrus

the postcentral gyrus is __________ to the fissure of Ronaldo, or ________ and is an important structure in the ________ lobe

posterior central sulcus parietal lobe

myelencephalon

posterior portion of brain stem

Absence of sulci in term infants suggests:

presence of cerebral edema or infection

another term for forebrain?

prosencecephalon

Another term for forebrain?

prosencephalon

what is the most anterior portion of hte brain?

prosencephalon

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

The gyri or folds have a sonographic appearance:

similar to parenchyma homogeneous and of low echogenicity

premature infants have less______ than term infants

sulci

the cingulate gyrus is seen _________ to the corpus callosum and _________ to the echogenic cingulate sulcus, with the _______ within it

superior posterior callosal marginal artery

Where is the cingulate sulcus?

superior to teh corpus callosum

Lateral fissure aka

sylvian fissure or lateral sulcus one of the most prominent structures of the human brain

What does the mesencephalon consist of?

tectum tegmentum

What does the prosencephalon consist of?

telechephalon striatum diencephalon lateral ventricle third ventricle

Two divisions of the prosencephalon (forebrain)?

telenchephalon diencephalon

the hippocampal gyri lies in the

temporal lobe

What makes up the Diencephalon?

thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus

Structures of the diencephalon include?

thalamus hypothalamus optic tracts optic chiasma infundibulum 3rd ventricle mammillary bodies posterior pituitary gland pineal gland

The central sulcus separates?

the frontal and parietal lobes AND the primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex

precentral gyrus is located in?

the frontal lobe


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