3.1 - 3.3 Networking Devices

Note the following:

> Both Data Link layer physical addresses and Network layer logical addresses are used to send packets between hosts on different subnets. > IP (Network layer) addresses are contained in the IP header; MAC (Data Link layer) addresses are contained in the Ethernet frame header. > A router uses the logical network address specified at the Network layer to forward messages to the appropriate network segment. > Data Link addresses in the frame change as the frame is delivered from hop to hop. At any point in the process, the Data Link destination address indicates the physical address of the next hop on the route. The Data Link source address is the physical address of the device sending the frame. > Network addresses remain constant as the packet is delivered from hop to hop. The Network addresses indicate the logical address of the original sending device and the address of the final destination device.

GBIC

A GBIC (gigabit interface converter) is a large transceiver that fits in a port slot and is used for Gigabit media, including copper and optical fiber.

Layer 3 Switch

A Layer 3 switch is capable of reading Layer 3 (network) addresses and routing packets between subnets. A Layer 3 switch often provides better performance than a router, but it does not support as many features as a router.

MAC Address

A MAC address is a unique identifier burned into the ROM of every Ethernet NIC. > The MAC address is a 12-digit (48-bit) hexadecimal number (each number ranges from 0-9 or A-F). > The address is often written as 00-B0-D0-06-BC-AC or 00B0.D006.BCAC (dashes, periods, and colons can be used to divide the MAC address parts). > The MAC address is globally unique by design. The first half of the MAC address, the first six digits, is assigned to each manufacturer. The manufacturer determines the rest of the address, assigning a unique value that identifies the host address. A manufacturer that uses all the addresses in the original assignment can apply for a new MAC address assignment. > Devices use the MAC address to send frames to other devices on the same subnet. *Some network cards allow you to change the MAC address through jumpers, switches, or software, but there are few legitimate reasons for doing so.

MAC Address

A Media Access Control address is a unique identifier burned into the ROM of every Ethernet NIC.

Bridge

A bridge is a device that connects two (or more) media segments on the same subnet, and it filters traffic between both segments based on the MAC address in the frame. A bridge builds a database based on MAC addresses to use for making forwarding decisions. > The process begins by examining the source of the MAC address of an incoming frame. If the source address is not in the forwarding database, an entry for the address is made in the database, associating the MAC address with the media segment. > The destination address is then examined: - If the destination address in not in the database, the frame is sent out on all segments except for the one on which it was received. - If the destination address is in the database, the frame is forwarded to the appropriate segment if the segment is different from the one on which it was received. - Broadcast frames are forwarded to all segments except the one on which they were received. You should be aware of the following regarding bridges: > Bridges are used to separate one part of a subnet from another. This eliminates unnecessary traffic between segments and keeps the network from wasting bandwidth. > All segments connected to a bridge are on the same subnet and share a common subnet address. > Bridges can connect two segments that use different types of network achritecture. For example, a bridge can connect a segment using Ethernet to a segment using 802.11 wireless. > Bridges are Layer 2 Devices: they read the MAC address contained in a frame to make forwarding decisions. > Frame forwarding happens independently of upper-layer protocols (such as TCP/IP).

Bridge

A device that connects two (or more) media segments on the same subnet. It filters traffic between both segments based on the MAC address in the frame.

Firewall

A firewall is a router with additional security features. Firewalls can be programmed with security rules to restrict the flow of traffic between networks.

Firewall

A firewall is a router with additional security features. Firewalls can be programmed with security rules to restrict the flow of traffic between networks. > Firewall rules control the type of traffic allowed into a network and the type of traffic allowed out of a network. > A firewall can be either hardware devices or software installed onto operating systems.

Wireless Access Point (WAP)

A hub for a wireless network - > As with a hub, any message sent to any wireless host connected to the AP can be received by all other wireless hosts. > An AP is a Layer 2 device; it can read the Data Link layer address in a frame. > An AP is often configured as a bridge, connecting a wireless segment to a wired segment. Both wireless and wired hosts are on the same subnet. > Some APs are combination devices that include a wired switch and even a router.

Wireless Access Point (AP)

A hub for a wireless network. As with a hub, any message sent to any wireless host connected to the AP can be received by all other wireless hosts.

Hub

A hub is the central connecting point of a physical star, logical bus topology. Hubs manage communication among hosts using the following method: 1. A host sends a frame to another host through the hub. 2. The hub duplicates the frame and sends it to every host connected to the hub. 3. The host to which the frame is addressed accepts the frame. Every other host ignores the frame. *Hubs are Layer 1 devices; the simply repeat incoming frames without examing the MAC address in the frame.

Media Converter

A media converter is used to connect network adapters that are using different media types. For example, a media converter could be used to connect a server with a fiber optic Ethernet NIC to a copper Ethernet cable. > Media converters work at the Physical layer (Layer 1). Media converters do not read or modify the MAC address in any way. > Media converters only convert from one media type to another within the same architecture (such as Ethernet). A media converter cannot translate between two different architectures. This must be done using a bridge or a router. Converting from one architecture to another would require modifying the frame contents to modify the Data Link layer address.

Switch

A multi-port bridge that performs filtering based on MAC addresses and provides additional features not found in a bridge.

3.1.2 Network Adapter Facts

A network adapter (or NIC) connects a host to the network medium. It is responsible for converting binary data into a dromat that can be sent to the network medium. > The network adapter is responsible for converting binary data into a format that can be sent on the network medium. - A transceiver is responsible for converting digital data into digital signals to be sent on the medium. The type fo signal the transceiver send depends on the type of network. A fiber optic NIC sends light signals, a wired NIC sends electronic signals on a wire, and a wireless NIC sends radio signals. To receive signals, the transceiver converts digital signals from the network to digital data for the PC. - A modem converts binary data to analog waves on the sending end (modulation) and then converts the analog waves back to binary data on the receiving end (demodulation). > Some computers ,like laptops, come with built-in network adapters. Other computers use NICs that plug in to the system's expansion slots or are external to the computer and connect through an existing computer port. > Network adapters are Later 1 devices because they send and receive signals on the network medium. They are also Layer 2 devices because they must follow the rules for media access and because they read the physical address in a frame. > The type of network adapter you choose must match the network architecture you are connecting to. > Older network adapters used an external transceiver to connect to the network media. However, all moder network adapters use a built-in transceiver.

Router

A router is a device that connects two or more network segments or subnets.

Router

A router is a device that connects two or more network segments or subnets. > Each subnet has a unique logical network address. > Routers can be used to connect subnets within a single LAN, or they can be used as gateways to connect multiple LANs together. > Routers can be used to connect networks with different architectures (for example, connecting an Ethernet network to a token ring network). Routers maintain information about other networks in a database called a routing table. The routing table typically contains the address of all known networks and the next router in the path used to reach the destination network. The routing table is used in the process of forwarding packets.

Switch

A switch is a multi-port bridge that performs filtering based on MAC addresses and provides additional features not found in a bridge. > While most bridges can process only a single frame at a time, switches can process multiple frames simultaneously. > Switches offer guaranteed bandwidth to each switch port. > Switches can make additional forwarding decisions based on the MAC address. For example, a switch can be configured to accept frames from a specific MAC address. > Like bridges, Switches operate at Layer 2. > Unmanaged switches are autonomous in their function, requiring no port management or configuration. Managed switches allow administrators to change the port configurations, including the follow9ing: - Port Speed - Duplexing - Filters based on network adapter MAC adress - VLAN Assignment

Transceiver Module

A transceiver module is used to change the media type of a port on a network device, such as a switch or a router. The following are the most common types of transceiver modules: > A GBIC (gigabit interface converter) is a large transceiver that fits in a port slot and is used for Gigabit media, including copper and fiber optic. > An SFP (small form-factor pluggable) is similar to a GBIC, but is a smaller size. An SFP is sometimes called a mini-GBIC. > SFP+ is a newer version of the SFP. SFP+ supports data rates as high as 10 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s Fibre Channel, 10-gigabit Ethernet, and the Optical Transport Network standard OTU2. > An XFP transceiver is similar to an SFP in size, but is used for 10-Gigabit networking. QSFP (quad, or 4-channel, small form-factor pluggable) is a compact hot-pluggable transceiver that is also used for data communication applications.

Which of the following is a valid MAC address?

AB.07.CF.62.16.BD

Which of the following is a valid MAC address?

AB.07.CF.62.16.BD MAC addresses are comprised of 12 hexadecimal digits (ranging from 0-9 and A-F). They are typically represented as a three sets of four hexadecimal digits or six sets of two hexadecimal digits separated with periods. Regardless of the grouping and separator values, look for 12 hex digits to determine whether a MAC address is valid.

A host wants to send a message to another host that has the IP address 115.99.80.157. IP does not know the hardware address of the destination device. Which protocol can be used to discover the MAC address?

ARP

A host wants to send a message to another host that has the IP address 115.99.80.157. IP does not know the hardware address of the destination device. Which protocol can be used to discover the MAC address?

ARP Hosts use the address resolution protocol (ARP) to discover the hardware address of a host.

SFP

An SFP (small form-factor pluggable) is similar to a GBIC, but is smaller in size. An SFP sometimes is called a mini-GBIC.

3.2 Network Devices

As you study this section, answer the following questions: > A host on a network sends a frame to the hub. Which other devices on the network will see this frame? > A host on a network sends a frame to a switch. Which other devices on the network will see this frame? > What are the similarities and differences between a bridge and a switch? > What are the advantages of using switches instead of hubs? > At which OSI model layer do wireless access points operate? > What type of device do you use to translate from one network architecture to another? In this section, you will learn to: > Select and install appropriate networking hardware.

3.1 Network Adapters

As you study this section, answer the following questions: > What are two major differences between a modem and an Ethernet NIC? > How can you identify a network card manufacturer from its MAC address? > What is the function of a transceiver? > What is the purpose of the CRC? > At which OSI layer does a network adapter card operate? At which layer does a media converter work? > Can you use a media converter to connect network segments that are using different architecture types? Why or why not? > How does a computer find the MAC address of another device on the same subnet? > What does the MAC address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF indicate? In this section, you will learn to: > Select and install network cards to meet network connection requirements. > Connect a media converter.

3.3 Internetwork Devices

As you study this section, answer the following questions: > What is the main role of a router? > How does a router differ from a switch or a hub? > How are the physical and logical network addresses used when data is routed through an internetwork? Which addresses stay the same? Which addresses change from hop to hop? > How does a firewall protect a network? In this section, you will learn to: > Select the appropriate device to connect two networks

Which of the following devices operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model? (Select three.)

Bridges Network interface cards (NICs) Switches Network interface cards (NICs), bridges, and switches all operate at the OSI Data Link layer. They use the physical device address (MAC address) to identify packets. Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical layer--they simply repeat packets without regard to addresses. Routers function at the Network layer--they examine the logical device and network address to perform routing tasks.

Which of the following is a valid MAC address?

C0-34-FF-15-01-8E

Which of the following is a valid MAC address?

C0-34-FF-15-01-8E A MAC or hardware address is a unique identifier hard coded on every network adapter card. A valid MAC address has a total of 12 hexadecimal numbers. Hexadecimal numbers contain the numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A to F. Valid values for each octet in a MAC address range anywhere from 00 to FF. Note that one of the answers would be a valid MAC address except it uses a G value, which is beyond the hexadecimal range.

3.1.5 Practice Questions

CIST 1401

3.2.5 Practice Questions

CIST 1401

3.3.4 Practice Questions

CIST 1401

Week 4 Chapter Assessment

CIST 1401

A switch is associated with which OSI model layer?

Data Link

A switch is associated with which OSI model layer?

Data Link Switches are associated with the Data Link layer of the OSI model. Switches examine the device address in the packet and forward messages directly to that device.

Your company purchases a new bridge that filters packets based on the MAC address of the destination computer. On which layer of the OSI model is this device functioning?

Data Link The bridge is operating at the Data Link layer.

3.3.2 Internetwork Device Facts

Devices like hubs, switches, and bridges connect multiple devices to the same network segment. Internetwork devices connect multiple networks or subnets together and enable communication between hosts on different types of networks.

Which of the following is the best device to deploy if you want to protect your private network from a public untrusted network?

Firewall

You are the administrator of your company's network. You want to prevent unauthorized access to your intranet from the internet. Which of the following should you implement?

Firewall A firewall allows you to filter unwanted traffic from the internet to your network. Packet internet groper is better known by its acronym, PING, a TCP/IP command. A proxy server caches web pages. ICS allows you to connect a small network to the internet through a single connection.

Which of the following is the best device to deploy if you want to protect your private network from a public untrusted network?

Firewall A firewall is the best device to deploy if you want to protect your private network from a public untrusted network. Firewalls are used to control traffic entering and leaving your trusted network environment. Firewalls can manage traffic based on source or destination IP address, port number, service protocol, application or service type, user account, and even traffic content. Routers offer some packet-based access control, but it is not as extensive as what a full-fledged firewall provides. Hubs and gateways are not sufficient for managing the interface between a trusted and an untrusted network.

You are the network administrator for a small organization. Recently, you contracted with an ISP to connect your organization's network to the internet to provide users with internet access. Since doing so, it has come to your attention that an intruder has invaded your network from the internet on three separate occasions. What type of network hardware should you implement to prevent this from happening again?

Firewall The role of a firewall is to provide a barrier between an organization's network and a public network, such as the internet. Its job is to prevent unauthorized access into the organization's private network. To do this, the firewall examines incoming packets and determines whether they should be allowed to enter based on a set of rules defined by the network administrator.

You want a switch to have the ability to modify the media type the switch port supports. Which type of module might you use to make this possible?

GBIC SFP Older network adapters used an external transceiver that matched the media type. While nearly all current network adapters come with a built-in transceiver type, new devices, such as switches and routers, use transceiver modules that allow you to modify the media type of a port by changing the transceiver. There are several types of transceiver modules. > Older network adapters used an external transceiver that matched the media type. While nearly all current network adapters come with a built-in transceiver type, new devices, such as switches and routers, use transceiver modules that allow you to modify the media type of a port by changing the transceiver. There are several types of transceiver modules. - A GBIC (gigabit interface converter) is a large transceiver that fits in a port slot. GBICs are used for Gigabit media, including copper and fiber optic. -An SFP (small form-factor pluggable) is similar to a GBIC, but is smaller in size. An SFP is sometimes called a mini-GBIC. -An XFP transceiver is similar in size to an SFP, but is used for 10-Gigabit networking.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Host use ARP to discover that MAC address of a device from its IP address.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Hosts use ARP to discover the MAC address of a device from its IP address. Before two devices can communicate, they must know the MAC address of the receiving device. If the MAC address isn't known, ARP does the following to find it: 1. The sending device sends out a broadcast frame. > The destination MAC address is all Fs (FFFF:FFFF:FFFF). > The sending MAC address is its own MAC address. > The destination IP address is the known IP address of the destination host. > The sending IP address is its own IP address. 2. All hosts on the subnet process the broadcast frame, looking at the destination IP address. 3. If the destination IP address matches its own address, the host responds with a frame that includes its own MAC address as the sending MAC address. 4. The original sender reads the MAC address from the frame and associates the IP address with the MAC address, saving it in its cache. > Once the sender knows the MAC address of the receiver, it sends data in frames addressed to the destination device. These frames include a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), which is used to detect frames that have been corrupted during transmission. *Hosts use the reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) to find the IP address of a host with a known MAC address.

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Hosts use the reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) to find the IP address of a host with a known MAC address.

Which of the following devices does not segment the network?

Hub

Which of the following devices operates at the OSI model Layer 1?

Hub

Which of the following devices does not segment the network?

Hub A hub does not create multiple segments on the network. A segment is a portion of the network that has different media, collision domains, or broadcast domains. A hub simply connects devices using the same media type. All devices are members of the same collision and broadcast domains. On a switch, each switch port is in a separate collision domain. With a router or a firewall, each connected network is a different broadcast domain.

Which of the following devices operates at the OSI model Layer 1?

Hub A hub operates at OSI model Layer 1 (Physical layer). It regenerates electrical signals and sends those signals out all hub ports without regard to the upper-layer data. A switch operates at the OSI model Layer 2 (Data Link layer). It reads the MAC address to make frame forwarding decisions. A router and a firewall operate at OSI model Layer 3 (Network layer).

Which of the following hardware devices regenerates a signal out all connected ports without examining the frame or packet contents? (Select two.)

Hub Repeater

Which of the following hardware devices regenerates a signal out all connected ports without examining the frame or packet contents? (Select two.)

Hub Repeater A hub and a repeater send received signals out all other ports. These devices do not examine the frame or the packet contents. Switches and bridges use the MAC address in a frame for forwarding decisions. A router uses the IP address in a packet for forwarding decisions.

Which of the following best describes how a switch functions?

It connects multiple cable segments (or devices) and forwards frames to the appropriate segment. Switches have multiple ports and can connect multiple segments or devices. The switch forwards frames to the appropriate port. They function similarly to a hub, except instead of sending packets to all ports, switches send packets only to the destination computer's port.

Which of the following is true about the MAC address? (Select two.)

It is a 48-bit address. It is typically represented by hexadecimal numbers.

Which of the following is true about the MAC address? (Select two.)

It is a 48-bit address. It is typically represented by hexadecimal numbers. The MAC address identifies the physical address of the network adapter. The MAC address is a 12-digit (48-bit) hexadecimal number (each number ranges from 0-9 or A-F). The address is often written as 00-B0-D0-06-BC-AC or 00B0.D006.BCAC, although dashes, periods, and colons can be used to divide the MAC address parts. An IPv4 address is 32-bits and uses octets of decimal numbers between 0-255. An IPv6 address is a 64-bit address that uses 32 hexadecimal numbers.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how a modem works? (Select two.)

It modulates digital data from the PC into analog data and transmits it on a telephone network. It demodulates analog data from a telephone network into digital PC data. Modem is shorthand for modulator/demodulator. A modem's job is to convert (or modulate) digital data from a PC into analog telephone signals and transmit them through a telephone network. Modems also receive analog data from the telephone network and convert (or demodulate) it into digital PC data.

At which OSI model layer does a media converter operate?

Layer 1

At which OSI model layer does a media converter operate?

Layer 1 A media converter operates at Layer 1 of the OSI model, the Physical Layer. The media converter translates frames into bits and transmits them on the transmission medium. At Layer 2, the MAC address is added to make the data into a frame. At layer 3, the IP address is added to the packet. A media converter does not alter or use the MAC address or the IP address.

At which of the following OSI layers does a router operate?

Layer 3

At which of the following OSI layers does a router operate?

Layer 3 A router operates at Layer 3, or the Network layer.

You have a server that has a 100BaseFX network interface card that you need to connect to a switch. The switch only has 100BaseTX switch ports. Which device should you use?

Media converter

You have a server that has a 100BaseFX network interface card that you need to connect to a switch. The switch only has 100BaseTX switch ports. Which device should you use?

Media converter Use a media converter to convert from one media type to another media type within the same architecture. Use a bridge to connect two devices that use different network architectures. For example, you can use a bridge to connect a wired network to wireless clients. A hub or a repeater connects devices using the same media type.

At which OSI layer does a router operate to forward network messages?

Network

At which OSI layer does a router operate to forward network messages?

Network A router uses the logical network address specified at the Network layer to forward messages to the appropriate LAN segment. A bridge, on the other hand, uses the MAC address and works at the Data Link layer.

NIC

Network interfacce card, also called a network adapter, connects a host to the network medium. It is responsible for convertin binary data into a format that can be sent on the network medium.

Which network component connects a device to transmission media and allows the device to send and receive messages?

Network interface card

Which network component connects a device to transmission media and allows the device to send and receive messages?

Network interface card The network interface card (NIC) allows a device to send and receive messages over the transmission media.

At which layer of the OSI model do hubs operate?

Physical Hubs operate at Layer 1, or the Physical layer of the OSI model.

QSFP

Quad/four-channel, small form factor pluggable, is a compact hot-pluggable transceiver that is aslo used for data communication applications.

Which of the following hardware devices links multiple networks and directs traffic between networks?

Router A router is a device that links multiple networks and directs traffic between networks. Each network linked by routers has its own unique identifier called the network number or network address.

Messaging Process

Routers receive packets, read their headers to find addressing information, and send them on to their correct destination on the network or internet. The following process is used to send a message from one host to another on a different network: 1. The sending host prepares a packet to be sent. The host uses its own IP address as the source Network layer address and the IP address of the final receiving device as the destination Network layer address. 2. The sending host creates a frame by adding its own MAC address as the source Physical layer address. For the destination Physical layer address, the host uses the MAC address of the default gateway router. 3. The sending host transmits the frame. 4. The next hop router reads the destination MAC address in the frame. Because the frame is addressed to that router, it processes the frame. 5. The router strips off the frame header and examines the packet destination address. It uses the routing table to identify the next hop router in the path. 6. The router repackages the packet into a new frame. It uses its own MAC address as the source Physical layer address and the MAC address of the next hop router as the destination Physical layer address. 7. The router transmits the frame. 8. The next hop router repeats steps 4 - 7 as necessary until the frame arrives at the last router in the path. 9. The last router in the path receives the frame and checks the destination IP address contained in the packet. 10. Because the destination device is on a directly connected network, the router creates a frame using its own MAC address as the source Physical layer address and the MAC address of the destination device as the destination Physical layer address. 11. The router transmits the frame. 12. The destination device receives the frame. Inside the packet, it finds that the destination Network layer address matches its own IP address, and the source IP address is that of the original sending device.

3.1.3 Select and Install a Network Adapter Lab

See Completed Lab for answer.

3.2.3 Install a Hub Lab

See Completed Lab for answer.

3.2.4 Select a Networking Device Lab

See Completed Lab for answer.

3.3.3 Select a Router Lab Question

See Completed Lab for answer.

An eight-port switch receives a frame on port number 1. The frame is addressed to an unknown device. What will the switch do?

Send the frame out ports two through eight.

An eight-port switch receives a frame on port number 1. The frame is addressed to an unknown device. What will the switch do?

Send the frame out ports two through eight. Because the switch does not know the port that is used to reach the destination device, it will send the frame out all ports except for the port on which the frame was received. After the switch learns the port that is used to reach the destination device, it will send the frame out only that port.

Which of the following devices operates at the OSI model Layer 2?

Switch A switch operates at the OSI model Layer 2 (Data Link layer). It reads the MAC address to make frame forwarding decisions. A hub operates at OSI model Layer 1 (Physical layer), while a router and a firewall operate at OSI model Layer 3 (Network layer).

Which of the following devices operate at OSI model Layer 2? (Select two.)

Switch Network interface card A network interface card and a switch operate at Layer 2 (Data Link) of the OSI model. Layer 2 includes protocols that define the MAC address. The MAC address is burned into the network interface card, and a switch uses the MAC address to make forwarding decisions. A hub or a repeater operate at Layer 1; they regenerate a signal without looking at Layer 2 or Layer 3 information. A router operates at Layer 3, using the IP address to make forwarding decisions. A firewall operates at Layer 3 or higher, using packet or data contents to make filtering decisions.

Hub

The central connecting point of a physical star, logical bus topology.

Network Adapter Components

The following table describes various components used by a network adapter.

3.2.2 Network Connection Device Facts

The following table lists several common connection devices used within a LAN.

Common Internetworking Devices

The following table lists several common internetworking devices. * Each of the devices listed in this table operates at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. Some firewalls are also capable of operating at higher layers and make filtering decisions based upon information found in the upper OSI model layers.

Which of the following is a good reason to install a firewall?

To prevent hackers from accessing your network. Firewalls prevent unauthorized users from accessing private networks connected to the internet. You should never allow public access to your DHCP server. A proxy server caches web pages. A NAT router or ICS translates web addresses to private IP addresses. A proxy server and NAT software might be implemented on the same device as your firewall, but they are different concepts.

Which device sends signals from a computer onto a network?

Transceiver

Which device sends signals from a computer onto a network?

Transceiver A transceiver (short for transmitter/receiver) sends signals to and receives signals from the network. It translates the parallel data stream of the computer to the serial data stream of the network and vice versa. Most transceivers are now built into network interface cards (NICs).

How do switches and bridges learn where devices are located on a network?

When a frame enters a port, the source MAC address is copied from the frame header. Bridges and switches learn addresses by copying the MAC address of the source device and placing it into the MAC address table. The port number that the frame entered is also recorded in the table and associated with the source MAC address. The switch or the bridge cannot record the destination MAC address because it does not know the port that is used to reach the destination device. Bridges and switches operate at Layer 2 and do not use IP addresses (which exist at Layer 3).

XFP

XFP transceiver is similar to an SFP in size, but is used for 10-Gigabit networking.

3.1.4 Connect a Media Converter Lab

You are a network technician for a small corporate network. Your manager has decided to switch to a new ISP. The network needs to be moved to the new ISP so that the old one can be cancelled. The new ISP has run a fiber optic line directly to the back of the fiber patch panel in the basement networking closet, but the NSA device doesn't have any fiber ports. Because the NSA doesn't have any fiber ports, you need to use a media converter to convert from a fiber optic cable to an Ethernet cable. Most media converters use SFP ports so they can convert multiple form factors. The media converter in this lab already has a fiber SFP module installed. Use the following information to make the proper connections: > The ISP is connected to ports 23 and 24 of the fiber patch panel. - Port 23 is Tx. - Port 24 is Rx. > Use the color coding on the end of fiber optic cables to identify which end is Tx and which is Rx. - Connector A (white or red) is Tx. - Connector B (black) is Rx. *When connecting fiber optic cables, connect the transmit (Tx) port on one device to the receive (Rx) port on the other device. The fiber cables in this lab have already had their Rx and Tx connectors switched as necessary. You can view component information in the Details window on the Specification tab. > In this lab, your task is to move the network to the new ISP. You need to select and install the necessary components from the Shelf. - Add the required networking device to the rack's shelf (bottom connection area). - Move the Ethernet connection from the wall outlet to the networking device. - Select the necessary fiber cable and connect the networking device to the fiber patch panel. - Connect the power adapter to the networking device. - Use a computer on Floor 1 to confirm that the internet is working. Complete the following: 1. On the Shelf, expand Networking Devices. 2. Drag the media converter to the bottom shelf of the rack in the Workspace. 3. Above the rack, select Back to switch to the back view of the rack. 4. Drag the Ethernet cable from the wall outlet to the Ethernet port on the media converter. 5. On the Shelf, expand Cables. 6. Drag the SC to LC fiber cable to the LC port on the media converter. 7. In the Select Connector dialog, select the LC connector. 8. Above the rack, select Front to switch to the front view of the rack. 9. In the Selected Component window, drag the Fiber Optic SC Connector (A) to port 23 on the fiber patch panel. 10. In the Selected Component window, drag the Fiber Optic SC Connector (B) to port 24 on the fiber patch panel. 11. From the Shelf, drag the Power Adapter to the DC power port on the media converter. 12. In the Select Connector window, select DC Power Connector. 13. Above the rack, select Back to switch to the back view of the rack. 14. In the Selected Component window, drag the AC Power Adapter connector to an open outlet on the rack UPS. The lights on the media converter should turn on. 15. Navigate to any workstation on Floor 1 to confirm internet connectivity as follows: a. From the top navigation tabs, select Building A b. Under Building A, select Floor 1. c. Select a workstation. d. From the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. e. Verify that the workstation has internet connectivity. 16. Click Done to complete the lab.

3.3.3 Select a Router Lab

You are setting up on a small network. The owner of the network has decided to change his internet service provider (ISP) to EtherSpeed. The ISP has installed a connection to both RJ45 jacks on the wall plate. You are responsible for selecting the correct router to connect the network to the internet. You want to use the fastest connection speed available while maintaining security for the Home-PC and Home-PC2 computers. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: > Use the appropriate network components to connect the two computers to the new ISP. - Place the Ethernet router with firewall capabilities on the Workspace. - Use the existing Cat5e Ethernet cables to connect the computers to the router's integrated Ethernet LAN ports. - Use the AC to DC power adapter to plug in the device. > Use the Network and Sharing Center on both computers to confirm that the computers are properly connected to the network and internet. * In this lab, the networking devices are preconfigured with the correct settings to make the connection to the internet service provider (ISP) and the internet. Complete this lab as follows: 1. On the Shelf, expand Networking Devices. 2. Drag the Ethernet router with firewall to the Workspace. 3. Above the router, select Back to switch to the back view of the router. 4. Above the switch, select Back to switch to the back view of the switch. 5. Above the cable modem, select Back to switch to the back view of the cable modem. 6. Select the Ethernet cable on the third switch port and drag it to an open Ethernet LAN port on the router to connect the Home-PC to the router. 7. Select the Ethernet cable on the third switch port and drag it to an open Ethernet LAN port on the router to connect the Home-PC2 to the router. 8. Select the last Ethernet cable on the switch and drag it to the open Ethernet WAN port on the router to connect the router to the internet connection. 9. Select the Ethernet cable on the cable modem and drag it to one of the RJ45 ports on the wall plate. 10. Select the DC power connector on the switch and drag it to the power port on the router to plug in the router. 11. On Home-PC, select Click to view Windows 10 to confirm that the computer is properly connected to the network and internet. 12. In the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the home network and the internet. 13. Confirm the connection for Home-PC2 as follows: a. From the top menu, select Bench. b. On Home-PC2, select Click to view Windows 10 to confirm that it is properly connected to the network and internet. c. In the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the home network and the internet.

3.2.3 Install a Hub Lab

You are working on a home office network. Recently, you added a cable modem to the network so Home-PC could connect to the internet. You added Home-PC2 to your network, but your networking configuration only allows Home-PC to connect to the internet. You need to add a hub to the network so that both computers can communicate with each other and connect to the internet. The computers do not need to have guaranteed bandwidth for their network connections. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: > Connect Home-PC and Home-PC2 using the hub on the Shelf. - Place the hub in the Workspace. - Connect Home-PC to the hub. - Reconnect the cables as necessary between the Home-PC and the cable modem. - Use the AC to DC power adapter to provide power to the hub. - Connect Home-PC2 to the hub. > Confirm that both computers are properly connected to the network and internet. Complete this lab as follows: 1. Place the hub in the Workspace as follows: a. On the Shelf, expand Networking Device. b. Drag the 1000BaseTX Ethernet hub to the Workspace. 2. Connect the Home-PC computer to the hub as follows: a. Above the hub, select Back to switch to the back view of the hub. b. Above Home-PC, select Back to switch to the back view of the Home-PC computer. c. Select the Cat5e cable connected to the motherboard's NIC and drag the connector to an Ethernet port on the hub. d. On the Shelf, expand Cables. e. Select the Cat5e cable with RJ45 connectors. f. In the Selected Component window, drag a connector to the Ethernet port on the back of Home-PC. g. In the Selected Component window, drag a connector to an Ethernet port on the hub. 3. Provide power to the hub as follows: a. On the Shelf, select the power adapter to plug in the hub. b. In the Selected Component window, drag the DC power connector to the port on the hub. c. In the Selected Component window, drag the AC power adapter to an empty outlet on the wall or surge protector. 4. Confirm that Home-PC is properly connected to the network and internet as follows: a. On Home-PC, select Click to view Windows 10. b. In the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. c. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the home network and the internet. 5. Connect the Home-PC2 computer to the hub as follows: a. From the top menu, select Bench. b. Above Home-PC2, select Back to switch to the back view of the Home-PC2. c. From the Shelf, select the Cat5e cable with RJ45 connectors. d. In the Selected Component window, drag a connector to the Ethernet port on the back of Home-PC2. e. In the Selected Component window, drag a connector to an Ethernet port on the hub. 6. Confirm that Home-PC2 is properly connected to the network and internet as follows: a. On Home-PC2, select Click to view Windows 10. b. In the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. c. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the home network and the internet. *You can also switch the hub to the front view to use the link lights to verify connectivity to the hub.

3.2.4 Select a Networking Device Lab

You are working on a small network. After adding a hub to the network so Home-PC and Home-PC2 could communicate and connection to the internet, a customer noticed a communication delay whenever the computers use the network at the same time. You believe the delay might be related to the shared bandwidth on the network. You need to reconfigure the network so that both computers have guaranteed bandwidth. As you reconfigure the network, you need to select a device that will allow you to configure the port speed for Home-PC to be faster than Home-PC2. To meet the requirements, you need to select a managed switch. The following are the essential differences between the networking devices offered in this scenario: > A switch creates a connection for computers in a local area network and offers guaranteed bandwidth between the devices. In this scenario, there are two types of switches: > Managed switches allow administrators to change the port configurations, including the following: - Port speed - Filters based on network adapter MAC addresses > Unmanaged switches are autonomous in their function, requiring no port management or configuration. > A router connects devices on two different networks, but many routers (such as the ones in the lab) also include integrated Ethernet ports for the LAN. Selecting a router with an integrated hub or switch is not necessary for this scenario. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: > Connect the two computers using the appropriate network components. - Place the appropriate networking device on the workspace. Do not select a device with unnecessary features, and do not include unnecessary devices. - Select the correct cables to connect the two computers to the networking device. - Use the AC to DC power adapter to plug in the device. > Use the Network and Sharing Center on both computers to confirm that they are properly connected to the network and internet. *In this lab, you are not required to configure the port speed on the networking device; however, the device should include this functionality. Complete this lab as follows: 1. On the Shelf, expand Networking Devices. 2. Read the device descriptions to identify the switch. 3. Drag the Managed Switch to the Workspace, preferably next to the existing hub. 4. Above the managed switch, select Back to switch to the back view of the managed switch. 5. Above the hub, select Back to switch to the back view of the hub. 6. Select the DC power connector on the hub and drag it to the power port on the switch to plug in the switch. 7. Drag the Ethernet cable on the hub to an open Ethernet port on the switch to connect Home-PC, Home-PC2, and the cable modem to the switch. 8. Repeat step 7 for each Ethernet connection on the hub. 9. On the Home-PC monitor, select Click to view Windows 10 to confirm that Home-PC is properly connected to the network and internet. 10. In the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the home network and the internet. 11. Confirm the connection for Home-PC2 as follows: a. From the top navigation menu, select Bench. b. On the Home-PC2 monitor, select Click to view Windows 10 to confirm that Home-PC2 is properly connected to the network and internet. c. In the notification area, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the home network and the internet.

3.1.3 Select and Install a Network Adapter Lab

You work as the IT administrator for a small corporate network. To accommodate specific network communication needs for an upcoming project, you need to upgrade the network connection's speed for the workstation in the Support Office. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: > In the Support Office: - Select and install the network interface card with the fastest speed to connect to the local network. - Select and install the corresponding cable and connect the computer to the local area network. > In the workstation's operating system, confirm that the workstation has a connection to the local network and the internet. *You can also confirm the speed of the connection by selecting Ethernet 2 in the Network and Sharing Center. Complete this lab as follows: 1. Above the computer, select Motherboard to switch to the motherboard view of the computer. 2. On the Shelf, expand Network Adapters. 3. Drag the 10/100/1000BaseTX network adapter to a free PCIe slot on the computer. 4. Connect the computer to the network as follows: a. Above the computer, select Back to switch to the back view of the computer. b. On the Shelf, expand Cables. c. Drag the Cat5e cable from the Shelf to the port on the 1000BaseTX network adapter. d. In the Selected Component window, drag the other connector to the Ethernet port on the wall outlet. 5. Confirm that the computer is connected to the local network and the internet as follows: a. Above the computer, select Front to switch to the front view of the computer. b. Click the power button on the computer case to turn the computer on. c. After the operating system loads, right-click the Network icon and select Open Network and Sharing Center. d. The diagram should indicate an active connection to the network and the internet.