310 test 6
What is the application of the peroneus (fibularis) tertius?
- Absent in some humans - 5th tendon of the extensor digitorum longus
How can you strengthen the tibialis posterior?
- Calf raises against resistance - Inversion of the foot with resistance
How can you strengthen the peroneus (fibularis) tertius?
- Dorsiflexion against resistance - Eversion against resistance
What are the actions of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
- Dorsiflexion of the ankle - Eversion of the foot
What are the actions of the peroneus (fibularis) tertius?
- Dorsiflexion of the ankle - Eversion of the foot
how can you strengthen the tibialis anterior?
- Inversion of the foot against resistance - dorsiflexion of the ankle with against walking barefoot or with socks on the outside of the foot (inverted)
What is the application of the soleus
- One of the most important plantar flexors of the ankle (especially when knee is flexed) - Used whenever the ankle plantar flexes (especially with body weight on foot)
What is the application of the peroneus (fibularis) longus?
- Passes posteroinferiorly to the lateral melleolus and surface - makes it a strong evertor and assistor in plantar flexion - Aids in maintaining the transverse arch
What are the applications of the flexor digitorum longus?
- Passes under the medial malleolus (Dick) - Maintains the longitudinal arch - Many weak foot and ankle conditions result from ineffective use of FDL
What is the application of the flexor hallucis longus?
- Passes under the medial malleolus (Harry) - Used effectively in walking if . the toes and used to maintaining balance
What are the applications of the tibialis posterior?
- Passes under the medial malleolus(TOM) - Supports the medial longitudinal arch during inversion and plantar flexion
What is the action of the gastrocnemius?
- Plantar flexion of the ankle - Flexion of the knee
How can you strengthen the flexor digitorum longus?
- Towel grabs with resistance - Walking barefoot with toe curled downward toward the heel of the foot inverted
How many bones are in the foot? a. 15 b. 22 c. 26 d. 20
26
What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?
base of the distal phalanx of each of the 4 lesser toes
What is insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?
base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
What is the origin of the peroneus (fibularis) longus?
head and upper two-third of the lateral surface of the fibula
What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
What is the application of the extensor hallucis longus?
Exercised by attempting to walk on the heels with the ankle dorsiflexion
How can you strengthen the extensor hallucis longus?
Extension of the great toe and ankle dorsiflexion with resistance
What muscle does not perform ankle inversion? a. Tibialis Anterior b. Flexor Digitorum Longus c. Flexor Hallucis Longus d. Tibialis Posterior e. Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Which of the following does toe extension? a. Flexor digitorum longus b. Extensor hallucis longus c. Extensor digitorum longus d. Both b and c
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting? a. Extensor hallucis longus b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Tibialis anterior d. Peroneus tertius
Extensor digitorum longus
What muscle does not perform ankle eversion? a. Flexor digitorum longus b. Peroneus (fibularis) brevis c. Extensor digitorum longus d. Peroneus (fibularis) tertius e. Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Which muscle(s) perform in toe flex? a. Flexor digitorum longus b. Flexor hallucis longus c. Extensor digitorum longus d. Both a and b
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting? a. Flexor digitorum longus b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Flexor hallucis longus d. Extensor hallucis longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles does not perform eversion of the foot? a. Flexor hallucis longus b. Peroneus longus c. Peroneus brevis d. Peroneus tertius
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg/ankle and moving medially? a. Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus b. Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior c. Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior d. Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs about the _____ axis. a. Sagittal b. Frontal c. Transverse d. Vertical
Frontal
Which of the following muscles may be palpated on the upper one-half of the posterior aspect of the lower leg? a. Flexor digitorum longus b. Tibialis anterior c. Gastrocnemius d. Soleus
Gastrocnemius
What is plantar fasciitis? a. When the plantar fascia gets really cold b. Just another name for the plantar fascia c. When the plantar flascia breaks in half d. Inflammation of the plantar flascia
Inflammation of the plantar flascia
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?
Lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula and upper two-third of the anterior surface of the fibula
What are the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve (L5, S1)
What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve (L5, S1)
What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
What is the innervation of the soleus?
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
T/F: Toe flexion is movement of toes toward the plantar surface of the foot.
True
What are the actions of the soleus?
plantar flex ankle
What is the insertion of the soleus?
posterior surface of calcaneus
what is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?
posterior surface of calcaneus
What is the origin of the soleus?
posterior surface of proximal fibula and proximal two-third of the posterior tibial surface
What is the origin of the tibialis posterior?
posterior surface of upper half of interosseous membrane, adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
What is the insertion of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
superior aspect of the base of the 5th metatarsal
T/F: The soleus muscle can perform muscular actions only in the sagittal plane.
true
What is the insertion of the peroneus (fibularis) longus?
under surfaces of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bone
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?
upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?
- Dorsiflexion of the ankle - Inversion of the foot
How can you strengthen the peroneus (fibularis) longus?
- Eversion against resistance - Walking barefoot or in socks on the inside of the foot (everted)
What are the actions of the peroneus (fibularis) longus?
- Eversion of foot - Plantar flexion of the ankle
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?
- Extension of 4 lesser toes at the metatarsophalangeal (MPT) and the proximal and interphalangeal (IP) joint - Dorsiflexion of ankle - Eversion of foot
What are the action of the extensor hallucis longus?
- Extension of great toe at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints - Dorsiflexion of ankle - Weak inversion of foot
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?
- Flexion of the four lesser toes at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and the proximal and distal interphalangeal (IP) joint. - Plantar flexion of the ankle - Inversion of the foot
What is the application of the tibialis anterior?
- Forced to contract strongly when a person ice skates or walks on the outside of the foot - Strongly supports the medial longitudinal arch during inversion
How can you strengthen the flexor hallucis longus?
- Towel grabs with resistance - Walking barefoot with toe curled downward toward the heel of the foot inverted
What is the application of the gastrocnemius?
- Triceps surae = lateral heads of gastrocnemius and soleus - 2 joint muscle: better knee flexor when ankle is doriflexion: better plantar flexion when knee is extension
What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?
- inversion of foot - plantar flexion of the ankle
What are the applications of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
- passes posteroinferiorly to the lateral malleolus to pull on base of 5th metatarsal (primary foot everter and assistor in plantar flexion)
What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?
- plantar flexion of ankle - inversion of foot - flexion of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and interphalangeal (IP) joint
The flexor hallucis longus performs which of the following actions? a. Flexion of greater toe b. Plantar flexion of ankle c. Inversion of foot d. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
What best describes plantar fascia? a. Assists in propelling the body backwards b. Assists in propelling the body sideways c. Assists in propelling the forward d. Assists in propelling the body upwards
Assists in propelling the forward
How can you strengthen the soleus?
Calf raises against resistance with knee slightly flexed
What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, & S1)
What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, & S1)
What is the innervation of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, & S1)
What is the innervation of the peroneus (fibularis) tertius?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, & S1)
What is the origin of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
Distal one-third of the anterior fibula
What is the origin of the peroneus (fibularis) tertius?
Distal one-third of the anterior fibula
How do you strengthen the extensor digitorum longus?
Dorsiflexion and extension of the with resistance
How can you strengthen the peroneus (fibularis) brevis?
Eversion with resistance
What is a common ankle sprain? a. Excessive inversion b. Excessive dorsiflexion c. Excessive ROM d. Excessive eversion
Excessive inversion
Which of the following does greater toe extension? a. Extensor hallucis longus b. Flexor hallucis longus c. Extensor digitorum longus d. Flexor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting? a. Extensor hallucis longus b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Tibialis anterior d. Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis longus
T/F: An ankle sprain is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more tendons.
False
T/F: During both walking and running, there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground.
False
T/F: Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off, the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation.
False
T/F: The medial malleolus is an anatomical landmark located on the fibula.
False
What muscle does not do ankle dorsiflexion? a. Tibialis Anterior b. Peroneus (fibularis) Tertius c. Flexor Digitorum Longus d. Extensor Hallucis Longus e. Extensor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the four lesser toes when concentrically contracting? a. Tibialis anterior b. Gastrocnemius c. Flexor digitorum longus d. Soleus
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes? a. Gastrocnemius b. Soleus c. Tibialis anterior d. Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following does greater toe flex? a. Extensor hallucis longus b. Flexor hallucis longus c. Extensor digitorum longus d. Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting? a. Gastrocnemius b. Peroneus (fibularis) longus c. Peroneus (fibularis) brevis d. Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Which of the following statements is not true regarding "shin splints"? a. Not a specific diagnosis b. Attributed to a number of different specific musculotendinous injuries c. Most often involves the tibialis posterior, medial soleus, or anterior tibialis muscles d. May be partially prevented by stretching the plantar extensors
May be partially prevented by stretching the plantar extensors
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg? a. Medial compartment b. Anterior compartment c. Lateral compartment d. Superficial posterior compartment
Medial compartment
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?
Middle one-third of the posterior surface of the tibia
What muscle does not perform plantar flex? a. Peroneus (fibularis) brevis b. Peroneus (fibularis) tertius c. Tibialis posterior d. Plantaris e. Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion? a. Flexor hallucis longus b. Peroneus longus c. Peroneus brevis d. Peroneus tertius
Peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the 5th metatarsal? a. Extensor digitorum longus b. Extensor hallucis longus c. Tibialis anterior d. Peroneus tertius
Peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles has its origin on the distal third of the anterior fibula? a. Flexor hallucis longus b. Peroneus longus c. Peroneus brevis d. Peroneus tertius
Peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment? a. Popliteus b. Peroneus tertius c. Flexor hallucis longus d. Plantaris
Peroneus tertius
Which of the following is NOT apart of the foot arches a. Posterior Longitudinal Arch b. Lateral Longitudinal Arch c. Medical Longitudinal Arch d. Transverse Arch
Posterior Longitudinal Arch
Malleoli works as a _______.
Pulley
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the posterior surface of the calcaneus? a. Tibialis posterior b. Soleus c. Tibialis anterior d. Flexor digitorum longus
Soleus
Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion? a. Soleus b. Gastrocnemius c. Tibialis anterior d. Flexor digitorum longus
Soleus
What is the innervation of the peroneus (fibularis) longus?
Superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, & S1)
What is the insertion of the peroneus (fibularis) tertius?
Superior aspect of the base of the 5th metatarsal
What muscle does not plantar flex? a. Soleus b. Gastrocnemius c. Flexor Hallucis Longus d. Tibialis Anterior e. Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Anterior
Which of the following muscles can perform inversion of the foot when concentrically contracting? a. Tibialis anterior b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Peroneus longus d. Peroneus tertius
Tibialis anterior
Which joint gets injured by contact sports when foot is in dorsal flexion and external rotation and becomes sprained (high) but does not involve the ankle joint? a. Subtalar b. Tibiofibular joint c. Talocrual joint d. Toe joints
Tibiofibular joint
Which joint have extremely minimal movement? a. Subtalar b. Tibiofibular joint c. Talocrual joint d. Toe joints
Tibiofibular joint
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?
Tops of the middle and distal phalanges of the 4 lesser toes
T/F: Dorsiflexion is the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia.
True
T/F: Each toe has three phalanxes, except for the great toe, which has only two.
True
T/F: Heel-strike normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation.
True
T/F: Motions of the metatarsophalangeal joints of toes include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
True
T/F: Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction.
True
T/F: The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot.
True
T/F: The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons to increase the mechanical advantage of the respective muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions.
True
T/F: The extensor hallucis longus muscle can perform weak inversion of the foot.
True
T/F: The tibialis anterior muscle performs dorsiflexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane.
True
What is a ankle sprain? a. When a tendon becomes extremely tight b. When a tendon tears completely c. When is sore from over use d. When stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments
When stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments
What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?
base of the distal phalanx of the great toe; plantar surface
What ligament(s) are damaged when there is excessive inversion? a. Anterior Talofibular Ligament b. Deltoid ligament on medial aspect of ankle c. Calcaneofibular Ligament d. both a and c e. all of the above
both a and c
How can you strengthen the gastrocnemius?
calf raises against resistance
T/F: Each toe has three interphalangeal joints, except for the great toe, which has only two.
false
Triceps surae refers to the _____. a. gastrocnemius and soleus b. peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneus tertius c. Tom, Dick, and Harry muscles d. triceps fibularis
gastrocnemius and soleus
What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?
inferior surface of the navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid bones and base of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones
What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal bone
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?
medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?
middle 2/3 posterior fibula
What is the origin the extensor hallucis longus?
middle two-third of the medial surface of the anterior fibula
What is the application extensor digitorum longus?
needs to be strong to balance the force between the dorsiflexors and plantar flexion of the ankle
