3.2

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Ozone

Gas molecule

How far above Earth's surface does the mesosphere extend to?

80 km

The mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, such as Earth

Atmosphere

How much of the sun's radiation does Earth receive?

Two-billionths

Ozone absorbs what?

UV radiation

UV

Ultraviolet

The quantities of CO2 and Ch4 in the atmosphere _____ considerably as a result of what?

Vary; natural and industrial processes

Some forms of electromagnetic radiation?

Visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet light

When does nitrogen enter the earth's atmosphere? 2

When dead organisms decay

What percentage of Earth's atmosphere does Nitrogen make up?

~78%

The coldest layer of the atmosphere?

Mesosphere

The layer above the stratosphere

Mesosphere

What is the lowest layer in the atmosphere?

Troposphere

What percentage of the solar energy that enters the atmosphere passes through it and is absorbed by Earth's surface?

50%

What percentage of Earth's atmosphere does Oxygen make up?

~21%

What is the coldest temperature recorded in the mesosphere?

-93 degrees C

How far above Earth's surface does the troposphere extend to?

18 km

How far above Earth's surface does the stratosphere extend to?

18 to 50 km

Where is almost the entire mass of the Earth's atmospheric gases located?

30 km~21 mi above the surface

The atmosphere is more or less dense near the surface of the earth.

More

Three ways that energy is transferred in the atmosphere

Radiation, conduction, and convection

Difference between radiation, conduction, and convection

Radiation-energy transferred as electromagnetic waves; conduction-energy transferred as heat through matter; convection-movement of matter due to temperature variations-energy transferred as heat

What does ozone do because it absorbs what it absorbs?

Reduces the amount of harmful UV radiation that reaches Earth

All of the solar energy that enters Earth's atmosphere does does not reach Earth's surface because it is either absorbed or

Reflected and scattered

Hot air rises or falls?

Rises

As air is warmed up, what does it do?

Rises into the atmosphere

Which section of the atmosphere do weather conditions exist in?

Troposphere

How does the atmosphere impact the Earth's surface?

Insulates it

Why are the Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms in the thermosphere like they are?

Absorb X rays and gamma rays

What happens to the energy that is not absorbed by Earth's surface?

Absorbed or reflected in the atmosphere by clouds, gases, and dust or reflected by Earth's surface

What effect do motor vehicles have on the atmosphere?

Add and remove gases

What effect do volcanic eruptions have on the atmosphere?

Add gases

Why is the temperature in cities the way it is in relation to the temperature in the surrounding countryside?

Asphalt-absorb solar energy

As air rises in the atmosphere, what does it do?

Becomes more dense than the air around it and sinks

The transfer of energy as heat through particles of material

Conduction

The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations and can result in the transfer of energy as heat

Convection

The continual process of warm air rising and cool air sinking and moving air in a circular motion

Convection current

Dark or light colored objects have more energy to release as heat

Dark

Which colors absorb more solar radiation?

Dark colors

The greenhouse gases do/do not exist in the atmosphere in high concentrations

Do not

Without the greenhouse effect, what would happen?

Earth would be too cold for life to exist

What are Nitrogen and Oxygen in the thermosphere like?

Electrically charged

Solar energy reaches Earth as what?

Electromagnetic radiation

Ions can radiate _____ and ______

Energy, light

T/F Gases can only be removed from the atmosphere

F

T/F The higher you, the colder it gets

F

T/F There was always only 21% Oxygen in the earth's atmosphere

F

The atmosphere is divided into how many layers based on what?

Four; temperatures that occur at different distances above Earth's surface

The radiation of the second thing that ions radiate in the thermosphere do what?

Glow in spectacular colors in the night skies near Earth's North and South Poles

The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth when CO2, H2O vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation

Greenhouse effect

The gases in the atmosphere that trap and radiate heat

Greenhouse gases

What are the most abundant greenhouse gases?

H2O, CO2, CH4, and NO

The temperature in cities is higher/lower than the temperature in the surrounding countryside

Higher

Breathing at higher elevations is more or less difficult than breathing at lower elevations?

More

What is the lower part of the thermosphere called?

Ionosphere

What are electrically charged atoms called?

Ions

Why is the atmosphere denser where it is?

It is pulled toward Earth's surface by gravity

What does the atmosphere's insulation of the Earth do? 2

Keeps Earth's temperature at which living things can survive

Air becomes more/less dense with elevation?

Less

Which colors reflect more solar radiation?

Light colors

How are gases added and removed from the atmosphere?

Living organisms

What happens to the cool air that left the atmosphere?

Moves to Earth until heated and less dense and rises

What happens in the thermosphere?

N and O absorb solar radiation

What are some gases that are a part of the atmosphere?

N, O, Ar, CH4, H2O vapor, and CO2

What are the two main gases in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen and Oxygen

Ozone Formula

O3

Why does the earth not continue to get warmer?

Oceans and land radiate absorbed energy back into the atmosphere

What is above the atmosphere?

Outer space

What is the second most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere?

Oxygen

Why does the temperature in the stratosphere rise?

Ozone absorbs the sun's UV energy and warms the air

What is Oxygen primarily produced by?

Plants

Energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves

Radiation

What does the atmosphere's insulation of the Earth do? 1

Slows rate at which Earth's surface loses heat

The air in the thermosphere has what? What does this result in?

So few air particles that they rarely collide; little heat is transferred

Almost all of the ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated where?

Stratosphere

The layer of the atmosphere that lies immediately above the troposphere

Stratosphere

The part of the atmosphere in which temperature rises

Stratosphere

T/F There are solid particles in the earth's atmosphere

T

What does the occurrence in the thermosphere result in?

Temperatures measuring above 2,000 degrees C

A park bench may become very hot on a sunny day. Why is the bench like the rock mentioned in the passage above?

The bench is continually absorbing energy from the sun

What is the Earth's densest atmospheric layer?

Troposphere

What layer of the atmosphere is located farthest from Earth's surface?

Thermosphere

In addition to gases, the atmosphere contains many types of _____, _____ ____ called _____ ____

Tiny, solid, particles, atmospheric, dust

The part of the atmosphere in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases

Toposphere

How do living organisms take gases out of the atmosphere?

Trees-carbon dioxide-remove; people-oxygen-remove; trees-oxygen-add; people-carbon dioxide-add

When does nitrogen enter the earth's atmosphere? 1

When volcanoes erupt

We would or would not feel heat in the thermosphere?

Would not


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