3.4 The Standard Model

Energy created from annihilation of particle - antiparticle pair

2mc² = total energy = 2hf or 2hc/λ

Leptons

Any of a family of particles like electrons, muons, Taus and their neutrinos. Are not affected by the strong nuclear force.

Particle interactions are determined by what 3 conservation laws?

B, L, q ( need to match RHS to LHS for each or reaction can't take place). Can also be used to identify an unknown particle

Fundamental particles

Bosons, quarks and leptons

Meson

Consists of a quark and an antiquark B=0, L=0

Baryon

Consists of three quarks, B=1, L=0

mass-energy equivalence

E = mc²

Differences between quarks and leptons

Leptons not affected by strong force Quarks have fractional charges and don't exist on their own.

Bosons

Mediate the forces Gluon mediates strong force W and Z mediate weak force Photon mediates EM force Graviton mediated gravity (Not yet found)

Antiparticles

Particles that have the exact same characteristics, but opposite charges, lepton number and baryon number

Quarks

Smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons. Fractionally charged, baryon number = 1/3

Beta decay is the result of what force?

Weak nuclear (leptons not affected by strong force)

Fundamental Forces

gravity, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force